The Geochemical Features of Manganese Mineralization in Çağalalı and Bezardağı (Adıyaman)

Öz

Area of examination covers the surrounding of Çağalalı and Bezardağı which are bound to Adıyaman-Çelikhan district. This location is defined as Kocali complex bestrides on Arab platform within Southeastern Anatolia orogenic belt in Upper cretaceous period. In the area of examination the foundation consists of spilitic pillow lava (Tarasa formation) and radiolaritines (Konak formation) belonging to allochthonous positioned Kocali complex which was settled in this area by gravity shift. On Koçali complex, Germav and Gercus formations take place with non-accordance. Mineralizations take place within Kocali complex in radiolarites as irregular lenses and E-W/30N located plates which are in volcano sedimentary unit representing upper layers of ophiolitic mass and are generally in accordance with lateral rocks. As mineralization paragenesis, the included materials are pirolusit, psilomelan, hausmanit and hollandit. When mineralizations were examined geochemically main oxide contents (MnO: 8.98-73.64%, SiO2: 3.26-86%) are similar to submarine hydrothermal beds. Fe/Mn ratio varies between 0.001-0.019 interval and is very low. Çağalalı and Bezardağı manganite mineralizations are considered to have hydrothermal formation as a result of main oxide contents, position in terrain and geochemical analyses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koçali complex,Hydrothermal origin,Manganese ores,Adıyaman

Çağalalı ve Bezardağı (Adıyaman) Mangan Cevherleşmesinin Jeokimyasal Özellikleri

Öz

İnceleme alanı Adıyaman-Çelikhan ilçesine bağlı Çağalalı ve Bezardağı çevresini kapsar ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Orojenik kuşağı içerisinde Arap platformu üzerine Üst Kretase’de bindirmiş olan Koçali Karmaşığı içerisinde bulunmaktadır. İnceleme alanında temeli, bölgeye gravite kaymalarıyla yerleşmiş olan allokton konumlu Koçali karmaşığı’na ait spilitik yastık lavlar (Tarasa formasyonu) ile radyolaritler (Konak formasyonu) oluşturmaktadır. Koçali karmaşığı’nın üzerine ise Germav formasyonu ile Gercüş formasyonu uyumsuzlukla gelmektedir. Cevherleşmeler, Koçali karmaşığı içerisinde, ofiyolitik istifin üst seviyelerini temsil eden volkanosedimanter birim içerisinde yer alan radyolaritler içerisinde düzensiz mercekler ve D-B/30K konumlu tabakalar şeklinde olup yan kayaçlarla genellikle uyumludur. Cevherleşme parajenezi olarak; pirolusit, psilomelan, hausmanit ve hollanditten oluşmuştur. Cevherleşmeler jeokimyasal olarak incelendiğinde ana oksit içerikleri (MnO: %8,98-73,64, SiO2: %3,26-86) denizaltı hidrotermal yataklara benzemektedir. Fe/Mn oranı 0,001-0,019 aralığında değişmekte olup, oldukça düşüktür. Çağalalı ve Bezardağı Mangan cevherleşmeleri; ana oksit içerikleri, arazideki konumu ve jeokimyasal analizler sonucu hidrotermal oluşumlu olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koçali karmaşığı,Hidrotermal köken,Mangan cevherleşmesi,Adıyaman

Kaynakça

1. 1. Yılmaz, Y., 1993. New Evidence and Model on the Evolution of the Southeast Anatolian Orogen. Geol. Soc. Of Amer. Bull., 105, 251-271.
2. 2. MTA, 2010. Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
3. 3. Yılmaz, Y., Yiğitbaş, E., Genç, Ş.C., 1993. Ophiolitic and Metamorphic Assemblages of Southeast Anatolia and their Significance in the Geological Evolution of the Orogenic Belt. Tectonics, 12:1280-1297.
4. 4. Sungurlu, O., 1974. VI. Bölge Kuzey Sahalarının Jeolojisi. Türkiye İkinci Petrol Kongresi, Tebliğler, 85-107.
5. 5. Yıldırım, E., 2010. Petrography and Petrology of Outcrop Igneous Rocks at Celikhan Between Sincik Area, Ph.D. Thesis, Fırat Univ., Science Inst.
6. 6. Bonatti, E., Kraemer, T., Rydell, H., 1972. Classification and Genesis of Submarine Iron Manganese Deposits. In: D.R.Horn (eds), Ferromanganese Deposits on the Ocean Flor, Washington, Natl, Sci. Foundation, 149-166.
7. 7. Bonatti, E., Zerbi, M., Kay, R., Rydell, H.S., 1976. Metalliferous Deposits Aphenine Ophiolites. Geol. Soc.. America Bull., 87, 83-94.
8. 8. Rona, P.A., 1978. Criteria for Recognition of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits in Oceanic Crust. Econ. Geol., 73, 135-160.

9. 9. Crerar, D.A., Namson, J., Chyi, M.S., Williams, L., Feigenson, M.D., 1982. Manganiferous Cherts of the Franciscan Assemblage. I. General Geology, Ancient and Modern Analogues and Implications for Hydrothermal Convection at Oceanic Spreading Centers. Econ. Geol., 540.
10. 10. Peters, T., 1988. Geochemistry of Manganese-Bearing Cherts Assoicated with Alpine-Ophiolites and the Hawasina Formations in Oman. Marine Geology, 84: 229.
11. 11. Panagos, A.G., Varnavas, S.P., 1984. On the Genesisof Some Manganese Depositsfrom Eastern Greece. In: A. Wauschkuhn (eds.), Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the formation of Mineral Deposits, Springer-Verlag, 552-561.
12. 12. Boström, K., 1970. Submarine Volcanism as a Source of Iron. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 9, 348-354.
13. 13. Guillemot, D. and Nesteroff, W.D., 1980. Les Depots Metalliferes de Chypre: Comparaison, Avec Leur Homologues Actuels du Pacifique: Panayiotou, A., ed., Ophiolites da., Proc. Inter. Ophiolite Symp. Cyprus, 1979, 139-146. 14. Toth, J., 1980. Deposition of Submarine Crusts Rich in Manganese and Iron. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 91, 44-54.
14. 15. Jiancheng, X., Yang, J., Xu, W., 2006. Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Mangdnese Deposit of Guichi, Anhui Province, China. Journal of Rare Earths, 24, 374.
15. 16. Kuşcu, M., Gedikoğlu, A., 1989. Geochemical Characteristics of the Ulukent (Tavas-Denizli) Manganese Deposits, Geologist of Sound, vol. 17, 29-47.
16. 17. Shah, M.T., Moon, C.J., 2007. Manganese and Ferromanganese Ores from Different Tectonic Settings in the NW Himalayas, Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29 - 455.
17. 18. Özturk, H., Frakes, L.A., 1995. Sedimentation and Diagenesis of an Oligocene Manganese Deposit in a Shallow Subbasin of the Paratethys, Thrace basin, Turkey. Ore Geol. Rev. 10, 117–132.
18. 19. Fitzgerald, C.E., Gillis, K.M., 2006. Hydothermal Manganese Oxide Deposits from Baby Bare Seamount in the Northeast Pasific Ocean. Marine Geology, 225, 145.
19. 20. Öygür, V., 1990. The Views on Geology, Deposition and Genesis of Manganese Deposit in Cayırlı (Ankara-Haymana) Bullettin of MTA, 110, 29-43.
20. 21. Choi, J.H., Hariya, Y., 1992. Geochemistry and Depositional Environment of Mn Oxide Deposits in the Tokoro Belt, Northestern Hokkaido. Japan. Econ. Geol., 87, 1265-1274.
21. 22. Adachi, M., Yamamoto, K., Sugisaki, R., 1986. Hydrothermal Chert and Assoicated Siliceous Rocks from the Northern Pasific: Their Geological Significance as Indication of Ocean Ridge Activity. Sed. Geol., 47, 125-148.
22. 23. Türkyılmaz, B., 2004. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bindirme Kuşağındaki Mangan Yataklarının Mineralojik, Jeokimyasal ve Kökensel Olarak İncelenmesi., Doktora Tezi, F.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst., Elazığ, 160.
23. 24. Evensen, M.N., Hamilton, P., O’Nions, R,K., 1978. Rare-Earth Abundances in Chondritic Meteorites. Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 1978,42: 1199. 25. Glasby, G.P., Gwozdz, R., Kunzendorf, H., Friedrich, G., Thijssen, T., 1987. The Distribution of Rare Earth and Minor Elements in Manganese Nodules and Sediments from the Equatorial and S.W. Pacific. Lithos, 97-113.
24. 26. De Carlo, E.H., McMurtry, G.M., 1992. Rare Earthelement Geochemistry of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Hawaiilan Archi-Pelago, Central Pasific, Chemical Geology, 95, 235-250.
25. 27. Usui, A., Someya, M., 1997. Distribution and Composition of Marin Hydrogenetic and Hydrothermal Manganese Deposits in the North-West Pasific. in:.
26. 28. Varentsov, I.M., 1993. Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Mn-Fe Oxyhydroxide Crusts from Bezymiannaya Seamount, Atlantic: Geochemical History of Deposition, Chemical Erde, 53, 133-157.
27. 29. Mills, R.A., Wells, D.M., Roberts, S., 2001. Genesis of Ferromanganese Crusts from the TAG Hydrothermal Field, Chemical Geology, 176, 283-293.
28. 30. Fan, D., Ye, J., 1974. Geology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Middle Proterozoic Wafangzi Ferromanganese Deposits, Liaoning Province, Chine, Ore Geology Review, 15,31-35.
29. 31. Ronov, A.B., Balashov, Y.A., Girin, Y.P., Bratishev, R.K., Kazakov, G.A., 1974. Regularities of Rare Earth Element Distribution in the Sedimentary Shell and in the Crust of the Earth, Sedimentology, 21: 171-193.
30. 32. German, C.R., Hergt, J., Palmer, M.R., Edmond, J.M., 1999. Geochemistry of a Hydrothermal Sediment Core from the OSB Vent-Field, East Pasific Rise, Chemical Geology, 155, 65-75.
31. 33. Cronan, D.S., Hodkinson, R.A., 1997. Geochemistry of hydrothermal Sediments from ODP Sites 834 and 835 in the Lau Basin, Southwest Pasific, Marine Geology, 141, 237-268.
32. 34. Öksüz, N., 2010. Geochemical Characteristics of the Eymir (Sorgun-Yozgat) Manganese Deposits, Turkey. Journal of Rare Earths, 2010, Vol. 29, pp.1.
33. 35. Wen, X., De Carlo, E.H.D., LI, Y.H., 1997. Interelement Relationships in Ferromanganese Crust Genesis, Marine Geology, 136, 227-297.
34. 36. Sherrel, R.M., Field M.P., and Ravizza, G., 1998. Uptake and Fractionation of Rare Earth Element on Hydrothermal Plume Particles at 90 45’N, East Pasific Rise, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 63, 1709-1722.