Investigation of the Effect of Curing Time on Mechanical Properties of Thin Spray-on Liners

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 121 - 132, 15.03.2017

Doğukan Güner Hasan Öztürk

Abstract

This study presents the investigation of mechanical properties of a polymer based surface support material known as thin spray-on liner (TSL) s, by performing direct tensile and deformability tests. Although mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus (Young’s modulus), elongation at break percentage, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of TSL’s which are getting worldwide popularity are determined in the previous studies, the effect of curing time on these properties are presented in this study for the first time in the literature. Since these experiments are not widely conducted in the mining field, preparation of the test set-up and samples, and the test conditions that should be paid attention are mentioned in detail. With the help of the acquired equations, researchers/ companies will be able to estimate the time required for a polymer based TSL to reach the required mechanical properties and they will have a quantitative idea on TSL’s behavior on the long run.

Keywords

Thin spray-on liner (tsl), Curing time, Surface support, Direct tensile, Deformability, Tensile strength, Modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio

Püskürtme İnce Kaplamaların Mekanik Özelliklerinin Kür Süresine Göre Değişiminin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma püskürtme ince kaplama (PİK) olarak tanımlanan polimer bazlı bir yüzey tahkimatı malzemesinin mekanik özelliklerinin direk çekme ve deformasyon deneyleri ile saptanmasını içermektedir. Dünya genelinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanan PİK’lerin çekme dayanımı, çekme modülü, yenilgide uzama yüzdesi, elastik modülü ve Poisson oranı gibi mekanik özellikleri bilinmesine rağmen bu değerlerin kür süresine bağlı olarak nasıl bir değişim gösterdikleri ilk kez bu çalışmada sunulmuştur. Ayrıca bu tip deneyler madencilik alanında sıklıkla yapılmadığı için deney düzeneğinin ve test numunelerinin hazırlanması, deneylerde dikkat edilmesi gereken koşullardan da detaylı bir biçimde bahsedilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilen eşitlikler yardımıyla araştırmacı/ kullanıcı, polimer bazlı PİK malzemesinin istenen mekanik özelliğe ulaşabileceği süreyi kestirebilecek ve PİK’lerin uzun dönem mekanik davranışlarına ilişkin niceliksel fikir sahibi olabileceklerdir.

Keywords

Püskürtme ince kaplama (pik), Kür süresi, yüzey tahkimat, Direk çekme, deformasyon, Çekme dayanımı, Elastik modül, Poisson oranı

References

• 1. Tannat, D., 2001. Thin Spray-on Liners for Underground Rock Support. 17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, 57-68.
• 2. Lau, V., Saydam, S., Cai, Y., Mitra, R., 2008. Laboratory Investigation of Support Mechanism for Thin Spray-on Liners. The 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) Goa, India, 1381-1388.
• 3. Kömürlü, E., Kesimal, A., 2014. Improved Performance of Rock Bolts using Sprayed Polyurea Coating. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-014-0696-4.2179-2182.
• 4. Tannant, D.D., Swan, G., Espley, S., Graham, C., 1999. Laboratory test Procedures for Validating the use of Thin Sprayed-on Liners for Mesh Replacement. Canadian Ins. of Mining and Metallurgy Annual Meeting, Calgary. 1-8.
• 5. Archibald, J.F., Espley, S.J., St., Lausch, P., 2001. Field and Laboratory Response of Mineguard Spray-on Polyurethane Liners. Proc. Int. Symp. on Rock Support, Lillehammer, pp. 475-490.
• 6. Spearing, A.J.S., Gelson, J., 2002. Developments and the Future of Thin Reactive Liners since the Previous Conference in Australia. 2nd Int. Seminar on Surface Support Liners: Thin Sprayed Liners, Shotcrete, Mesh, Sandton, South Africa, Sect. 13,1–10.
• 7. Yilmaz, H., 2010. Tensile Strength Testing of Thin Spray-on Liner Products (TSL’s) and Shotcrete. The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Volume 110. 559-569.
• 8. Ozturk, H., 2011. Püskürtülen İnce Kaplamaların Elastik Malzeme Özellikleri. Madencilik, Vol. 50, No. 2. 41-45.
• 9. Spearing, A.J.S., Champa, J., 2001. The Design, Testing and Application of Ground Support Membranes for use in Underground Mines Proc. MASSMIN.
• 10. Kuijpers, J., 2001. Evaluation of Membrane Support Behaviour. Surface Support Liners: Membranes, Shotcrete and Mesh. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth. Sect.21.
• 11. Stacey, T.R., Kasangula, M., 2003. Results from Testing of TSL's Using a Simple, Low Cost Laboratory Test. 3rd Int. Seminar on Surface Support Liners: Thin Spray-On Liners, Shotcrete and Mesh, Quebec City, Canada. Sect. 17.
• 12. Lewis, B., 2001. Mondi Rock-HoldTM the Development of this Structural Membrane Support. Surface Support Liners: Membranes, shotcret e and Mesh. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth.
• 13. Saydam, S., Yılmaz, H., Stacey, T.R., 2003. A New Testing Approach for thin Spray-on Liners: Double-sided Shear Strength (DSS). Test. 3rd International Seminar on Surface Support Liners: Thin Spray-on Liners, Shotcrete and Mesh, Quebec City, Canada. Section 18.
• 14. Archibald, J.F., 2001. Assessing Acceptance Criteria for and Capabilities of Liners for Mitigating Ground Falls. Mining Health and Safety Conference, Sudbury, Ontario. 2001.
• 15. Finn, D., 2001. Polymer Membrane Tests. Surface Support Liners: Membranes, Shotcrete and Mesh, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Australia. Sect.20.
• 16. EFNARC, 2008. Specification and Guidelines on Thin Spray-on Liners for Mining and Tunneling. ENC 250TSL v7.2 25-07-08.
• 17. Espley, S., Tannant, D.D., Baiden, G., Kaiser, P.K., 1999. Design Criteria for Thin Spray-on Membrane Support for Underground Hardrock Mining. Canadian Ins. of Mining and Metallurgy Annual Meeting, Calgary.
• 18. Archibald, J.F., Degagne, D.O., 2000. Recent Canadian Advances in the Application of Spray-on Polymeric Linings, Mining Health and Safety Conference, Sudbury, Ontario.
• 19.Guner, D., Öztürk, H., 2016. Scale Effect of Thin Spray-on Liners for Pillar Reinforcement. Eighth International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction, Sweden.
• 20. Kuijpers, J.S., Sellers, E.J., Toper, A.Z., Rangasamy, T., Ward, T., Van Rensburg, A.J., Yilmaz, H., Stacey, R., 2004. Required Technical Specifications and Standard Testing Methodology for Thin Sprayed Linings. SIMRAC Final Report. Research agency: CSIR Division of Mining Technology. Project No: SIM 020206.
• 21. Mason, D.P., Stacey, T.R., 2008. Support to Rock Excavations Provided by Sprayed Liners. Int J. Rock Mech Min Sci; 45, 773–788.
• 22. Mason, D.P., Abelman, H., 2009. Support Provided to Rock Excavations by a System of Two Liners. Int. J. Rock Mech Min Sci; 46, 1197- 1205.
• 23. Fowkes, N., Teixeira, J.A., Stacey, R., 2008 Crack Repair using an Elastic Filler. J Mech Phys Solids 56(9), 2749–2758.
• 24. Tannant, D. D., Wang, C. G. 2002. Thin Rock Support Liners Modeled with Particle Flow Code. Geotech Spec Publ (117), 346–352.
• 25. Dirige, A., Archibald, J., 2009. Numerical Modeling Simulations of Spray-on Liners Support Potential in Highly Stressed and Rockburst Prone Rock Conditions. Proceedings of the 3rd CANUS Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto.
• 26. Öztürk, H., 2012. Work of Adhesion of Thin Spray-On Liners. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1095-1102.
• 27. BASF web sayfası, son erişim tarihi 02.12.2016. https://www.master-builders-solutions. basf.us/en-us/products/masterroc/ 1953?Product= MasterRocTSL865.
• 28. ASTM, Standard D-638-10, 2010. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics-1. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA DOI: 10.1520/D0638-10
• 29. ASTM, Standard D-695-10, 20100 Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
• 30. Robert, B., Dean, Wilfrid, J.D., 1951. Simplified Statistics for Small Numbers of Observations. Anal. Chem., 1951, 23(4), 636–638.