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Antibiotic resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae isolated from respiratory tract specimens

Year 2016, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 201 - 207, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.196127

Abstract

Purpose: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are two of the major pathogens in respiratory infections, treatment is usually started empirically. The aim of this study was to detect in vitro resistance rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae strains isolated from different lower respiratory clinical samples to the antibotics which are used for therapy of infections due to these pathogens. 
Material and Methods: Seventy seven S.pneumoniae and 117 H.influenzae strains, isolated from patients were included in the study. S.pneumoniae isolates which gave an inhibition zone diameter of >20 mm for oxacillin were considered susceptible for penicilin. For the isolates which had an oxacillin zone diameter of <20 mm, MIC values of penicillin and cefotaxime were obtained by E-test method (bioMèrieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France). 
Results: Of 77 S.pneumoniae isolates, 24.6 % were resistant (MIC>2 mg/l) and 31.1 % were intermediately resistant to parenteral penicillin. Resistance rates to antibiotics were as follows: erythromycin 40 %, trimethoprim/sulphametoxazole (TMP/SMX) 54.5 % and ofloxacin 6.4%. β-lactamases were detected in 15.6% of the H.influenzae isolates by nitrocefin positivity. Conclusion: H.influenzae strains (8.6%) were identified as β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains. Resistance rates for other antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin 28.6%, cefaclor 36.5% , cefuroxime 30.1%, clarithromycin 9.6%, cloramphenicol 7% and TMP-SMX 43.9%.

References

  • Hoban DJ, Biedenbach DJ, Mutnick AH, Jones RN. Pathogen of occurrence and susceptibility patterns associated with pneumonia in hospitalized patients in North America: results of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;45:279-85.
  • Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, Critchley IA, Jones ME, Evangelista AT et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States: results from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:4-16.
  • Golden AR, Rosenthal M, Fultz B, Nichol KA, Adam HJ, Gilmour MW et al. Characterization of MDR and XDR Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada, 2007-13. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:2199-202.
  • Ip M, Ang I, Liyanapathirana V, Ma H, Lai R. Genetic analyses of penicillin binding protein determinants in multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 CC320/ 271 clone with high-level cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:4040-5. to third-generation
  • Liñares J, Ardanuy C, Pallares R, Fenoll A. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:402-10.
  • Fluit AC, Florijn A, Verhoef J, Milatovic D. Susceptibility of European beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Haemophilus influenzae isolates from the periods 1997/1998 and 2002/2003. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:133-8.
  • García-Cobos S, Moscoso M, Pumarola F, Arroyo M, Lara N, Pérez-Vázquez M et al. Frequent carriage of resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and biofilm formation in Haemophilus influenzae causing treatment failure and recurrent otitis media in young children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:2394-9.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC. Color Atlas and Texbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott, 2006.
  • Clinical Laboratory Standarts Institute. Performance standarts for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; M100-S24. 24th Informational Supplement, CLSI, Wayne PA. 2014.
  • Felmingham D, White AR, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC, Poupard J, Miller LA et al. The Alexander Project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:3-21.
  • Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC, Grüneberg RN; Alexander Project Group. The Alexander Project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52:229-46.
  • Ilki A, Sağiroğlu P, Elgörmüş N, Söyletir G. Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Haemophilus influenzae izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılık paternlerindeki değişim: dört yıllık izlem. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2010;44:169-75.
  • Cattoir V, Dowzicky MJ. A longitudinal assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility among important pathogens collected as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) in France between 2004 and 2012. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2014;3:36.
  • Maraki S, Papadakis IS. Antimicrobial resistance trends among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in Greece, 2009-2012. Scientific World Journal. 2014;27:941564.
  • Yanagihara K, Kadota J, Aoki N, Matsumoto T, Yoshida M, Yagisawa M et al. Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. J Infect Chemother. 2015;28:1341-321.
  • Mamishi S, Moradkhani S, Mahmoudi S, Hosseinpour-Sadeghi R, Pourakbari B. Penicillin- Resistant trend of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asia: a systematic review. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6:198-210.
  • Sener B, Tunçkanat F, Ulusoy S, Tunger A, Soyletir G, Mulazimoglu L et al. A survey of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in Turkey, 2004 2005. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60:587-93.
  • Gur D, Ozalp M, Sümerkan B, Kaygusuz A, Töreci K, Köksal I et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a multicentre study in Turkey. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;19:207-11.
  • Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Yılmaz H, Yanık K, Karadağ A, Günaydın M. Klinik örneklerden izole edilen Streptococcus pneumoniae suşlarının antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg. 2013;27:70-4.
  • Toksoy B, Bayraktar B, Bulut E, Başarı F. Klinik örneklerden izole edilen Streptococcus pneumoniae suşlarının çeşitli antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24:7-11.
  • Guler H, Öztürk Ç, Dalyan BC, Sınırtaş M, Özakın C. CLSI 2008 öncesi ve 2008 kriterlerine göre dokuz yılda izole edilen 643 Streptococcus pneumoniae suşunda penisilin duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesi. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24:20-7.
  • Telli M, Eyigör M, Gültekin B, Aydın N. Streptococcus pneumoniae’nın menenjit dışı klinik izolatlarında penisilin direnci ile serotip ilişkisi ve bazı antibiyotiklere direnç. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24):55- 60.
  • Sirekbasan L, Gönüllü N, Sirekbasan S, Kuşkucu M, Midilli K. Phenotypes and genotypes of macrolide- resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. Balkan Med J. 2015;32:84-8.
  • Uncu H, Colakoğlu S, Turunç T, Demiroğlu YZ,
  • Arslan H. Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Haemophilus influenzae klinik izolatlarının tedavide kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı in vitro direnç oranları. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2007;41:441-6.

Solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen streptococcus pneumoniae ve haemophilus influenzae suşlarının antibiyotiklere dirençlerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 201 - 207, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.196127

Abstract

Solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının en önemli bakteriyel patojenlerinden olan Amaç: Solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının en önemli bakteriyel patojenlerinden olan Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Haemophilus influenzae infeksiyonlarının tedavisi genellikle ampirik olarak başlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, alt solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen S.pneumoniae ve H.influenzae izolatlarının tedavide kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı in vitro direnç oranlarının değerlendirilmesidir. 
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastaların alt solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilmiş olan, 77 S.pneumoniae ve 117 adet H.influenzae izolatı çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. S.pneumoniae izolatlarının oksasilin zon çapı >20 mm olanlar duyarlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Oksasilin zon çapı <20 mm olan izolatların E-test (bioMèrieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, Fransa) yöntemi ile penisilin ve sefotaksim minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri belirlenmiştir. 
Bulgular: Toplam 77 izolatın %24.6’sının parenteral penisiline dirençli (MİK> 2 mg/l), %31.1’inin orta duyarlı oldukları görülmüştür. Diğer antibiyotiklere direnç oranları ise, eritromisin %40, trimetoprim/sülfametoksazol (TMP/SMZ) %54.5, ve ofloksasin %6.4’tür. H.influenzae izolatlarının, nitrosefin disk yöntemi ile tespit edilen β-laktamaz pozitifliği %15.6’dır. 
Sonuç: H.influenza’nın %8.6’sı β-laktamaz negatif ampisilin dirençli (BLNAR) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Diğer antibiyotiklere direnç oranları: ampisilin %28.6, sefaklor %36.5, sefuroksim %30.1, klaritromisin %9.6, kloramfenikol %7.0 ve TMP-SMZ %43.9, olarak belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Hoban DJ, Biedenbach DJ, Mutnick AH, Jones RN. Pathogen of occurrence and susceptibility patterns associated with pneumonia in hospitalized patients in North America: results of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;45:279-85.
  • Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, Critchley IA, Jones ME, Evangelista AT et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States: results from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:4-16.
  • Golden AR, Rosenthal M, Fultz B, Nichol KA, Adam HJ, Gilmour MW et al. Characterization of MDR and XDR Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada, 2007-13. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:2199-202.
  • Ip M, Ang I, Liyanapathirana V, Ma H, Lai R. Genetic analyses of penicillin binding protein determinants in multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 CC320/ 271 clone with high-level cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:4040-5. to third-generation
  • Liñares J, Ardanuy C, Pallares R, Fenoll A. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:402-10.
  • Fluit AC, Florijn A, Verhoef J, Milatovic D. Susceptibility of European beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Haemophilus influenzae isolates from the periods 1997/1998 and 2002/2003. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:133-8.
  • García-Cobos S, Moscoso M, Pumarola F, Arroyo M, Lara N, Pérez-Vázquez M et al. Frequent carriage of resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and biofilm formation in Haemophilus influenzae causing treatment failure and recurrent otitis media in young children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:2394-9.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC. Color Atlas and Texbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott, 2006.
  • Clinical Laboratory Standarts Institute. Performance standarts for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; M100-S24. 24th Informational Supplement, CLSI, Wayne PA. 2014.
  • Felmingham D, White AR, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC, Poupard J, Miller LA et al. The Alexander Project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:3-21.
  • Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC, Grüneberg RN; Alexander Project Group. The Alexander Project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52:229-46.
  • Ilki A, Sağiroğlu P, Elgörmüş N, Söyletir G. Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Haemophilus influenzae izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılık paternlerindeki değişim: dört yıllık izlem. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2010;44:169-75.
  • Cattoir V, Dowzicky MJ. A longitudinal assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility among important pathogens collected as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) in France between 2004 and 2012. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2014;3:36.
  • Maraki S, Papadakis IS. Antimicrobial resistance trends among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in Greece, 2009-2012. Scientific World Journal. 2014;27:941564.
  • Yanagihara K, Kadota J, Aoki N, Matsumoto T, Yoshida M, Yagisawa M et al. Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. J Infect Chemother. 2015;28:1341-321.
  • Mamishi S, Moradkhani S, Mahmoudi S, Hosseinpour-Sadeghi R, Pourakbari B. Penicillin- Resistant trend of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asia: a systematic review. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6:198-210.
  • Sener B, Tunçkanat F, Ulusoy S, Tunger A, Soyletir G, Mulazimoglu L et al. A survey of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in Turkey, 2004 2005. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60:587-93.
  • Gur D, Ozalp M, Sümerkan B, Kaygusuz A, Töreci K, Köksal I et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a multicentre study in Turkey. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;19:207-11.
  • Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Yılmaz H, Yanık K, Karadağ A, Günaydın M. Klinik örneklerden izole edilen Streptococcus pneumoniae suşlarının antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg. 2013;27:70-4.
  • Toksoy B, Bayraktar B, Bulut E, Başarı F. Klinik örneklerden izole edilen Streptococcus pneumoniae suşlarının çeşitli antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24:7-11.
  • Guler H, Öztürk Ç, Dalyan BC, Sınırtaş M, Özakın C. CLSI 2008 öncesi ve 2008 kriterlerine göre dokuz yılda izole edilen 643 Streptococcus pneumoniae suşunda penisilin duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesi. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24:20-7.
  • Telli M, Eyigör M, Gültekin B, Aydın N. Streptococcus pneumoniae’nın menenjit dışı klinik izolatlarında penisilin direnci ile serotip ilişkisi ve bazı antibiyotiklere direnç. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24):55- 60.
  • Sirekbasan L, Gönüllü N, Sirekbasan S, Kuşkucu M, Midilli K. Phenotypes and genotypes of macrolide- resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. Balkan Med J. 2015;32:84-8.
  • Uncu H, Colakoğlu S, Turunç T, Demiroğlu YZ,
  • Arslan H. Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Haemophilus influenzae klinik izolatlarının tedavide kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı in vitro direnç oranları. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2007;41:441-6.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research
Authors

Hikmet Alışkan This is me

Şule Çolakoğlu This is me

Julide Göçmen This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Alışkan, Hikmet et al. “Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae Isolated from Respiratory Tract Specimens”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2016, pp. 201-7, doi:10.17826/cutf.196127.