BibTex RIS Cite

Effects on prognosis of hematologic parameters in patients with small cell lung cancer

Year 2016, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 333 - 341, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.211197

Abstract

Purpose: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are prognostic factors for various types of cancer. In this study, we assessed the association of NLR and PLR with the prognosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients who received the standard treatment.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who were diagnosed with SCLC and treated with the standard chemotherapy at Suleyman Demirel University Chest Diseases and Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery. 
Results: In total, 136 patients were evaluated. Patients’ clinic characteristics and hematologic tests data at initial diagnosis were collected. The univariate analysis of all SCLC patients indicated that favorable prognostic factors were gender, disease stage, the number of metastatic sites, good performance status and received treatment according to the stage. Moreover, univariate analysis showed that low lymphocyte count (<1590) and high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (≥3.7) predicted poor prognosis in SCLC. Median overall survival (OS) was worse in the high-NLR group. In the multivariate analysis, NLR, stage, the number of metastatic sites, karnofsky performance status (KPS), received treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS. 
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the NLR could help to predict poor prognosis in SCLC patients before treatment. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

References

  • Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, Read W, Tierney R, Vlahiotis A et al. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4539-44.
  • Dowell JE. Small cell lung cancer: are we making progress? Am J Med Sci. 2010;339:68-76.
  • National Cancer Institute at National Institutes of Health. Small cell lung cancer Treatment for health professionals 2015; PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-2015 Jan 23.
  • Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004;18:445–60.
  • Paesmans M, Sculier JP, Lecomte J, Thiriaux J, Libert P, Sergysels R et al. Prognostic factors for patients with small cell lung carcinoma: analysis of a series of 763 patients included in 4 consecutive prospective trials with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Cancer. 2000;89:523–33.
  • Bremnes RM, Sundstrom S, Aasebo U, Kaasa S, Hatlevoll R, Aamdal S. The value of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: results from a randomised multicenter study with minimum 5 year follow-up. Lung Cancer. 2003;39:303-13.
  • Albain KS, Crowley JJ, LeBlanc M, Livingston RB. Determinants of improved outcome in small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of the 2,580-patient Southwest Oncology Group data base. J Clin Oncol.
  • Mantovani A. Cancer: inflaming metastasis. Nature. 2009;1(457):36-7.
  • Schreiber RD, Old LJ, Smyth MJ. Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity’s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. Science. 2011;331:1565-70 .
  • Lee S, Oh SY, Kim SH, Lee JH, Kim, MC, Kim KH et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2013;22:350.
  • Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2014;20:6212-22.
  • Paramanathan A, Saxena A, Morris DL. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of pre- operative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on long term outcomes after curative intent resection of solid tumours. Surg. Oncol. 2014;23:31-9.
  • Qu X, Zhang T, Ma H, Sui P. & Du J. Lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is associated with unfavorable prognosis of resected lung cancer. Future Oncol. 2014;10:2149-59.
  • Lee Y, Kim SH, Han JY, Kim HT, Yun T, Lee JS. Early neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio reduction as a surrogate marker of prognosis in never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving gefitinib or standard chemotherapy as first-line therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138:2009-16.
  • Dunn GP, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity. 2004;21:137–48.
  • De Larco JE, Wuertz BRK, Furcht LT. The potential role of neutrophils in promoting the metastatic phenotype of tumors releasing interleukin-8. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:4895-900.
  • Dirican A, Kucukzeybek BB, Alacacioglu A, Kucukzeybek Y, Erten C, Varol U et al. Do the derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predict prognosis in breast cancer? Int J Clin Oncol. 2015;20:70-81.
  • Cedres S, Torrejon D, Martinez A, Martinez P, Navarro A, Zamora E et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of poor prognosis in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2012;14:864-9.
  • Bambace NM, Holmes CE. The platelet contribution to cancer progression. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:237–49.
  • Brown KM, Domin C, Aranha GV, Yong S, Shoup M. Increased preoperative platelet count is associated with decreased survival after resection for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Surg. 2005;189:278-82.
  • Kwon HC, Kim SH, Oh SY, Lee S, Lee JH, Choi HJ et al. Clinical significance of preoperative neutrophil- lymphocyte versus platelet-lymphocyte ratio in patients with operable colorectal cancer. Biomarkers. 2012;17:216–22.
  • Li J, Dai CH, Chen P, Wu JN, Bao QL, Qiu H et al. Survival and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol. 2010;27:73–81.
  • Hong X, Cui B, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang L, Xu Q. Systemic immune-inflammation index, based on platelet counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, is useful for predicting prognosis in small cell lung cancer. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015;236:297-304.
  • Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, Negoro S, Sugiura T, Yokoyama A. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:85-91.
  • Shiels MS, Engels EA, Shi J, Landi MT, Albanes D, Chatterjee N et al. Genetic variation in innate immunity and inflammation pathways associated with lung cancer risk. Cancer. 2012;118:5630–36.
  • Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Ballkwill F. Cancer related inflammation. Nature. 2008;454:436-44.
  • Fogar P, Sperti C, Basso D, Sanzari MC, Greco E et al. Decreased total lymphocyte counts in pancreatic cancer: an index of adverse outcome. Pancreas. 2006;32:22–28.
  • Pillay J, Kamp VM, van Hoffen E, Visser T, Tak T, Lammers JW et al. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:327–36.
  • Lee WS, Park YL, Kim N, Oh HH, Son DJ, Kim MY, et al. Myeloid cellleukemia-1 is associated with tumor progression by inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5:101–13.
  • Li X, Han Z, Cheng Z, Yu J, Liu S, Yu X et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of recurrence following thermal ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e110546.
  • Pinato DJ, Mauri FA, Ramakrishnan R, Wahab L, Lloyd T, Sharma R. Inflammation-based prognostic indices in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7:587–94.
  • Pinato DJ, Stavraka C, Flynn MJ, Forster MD, O’Cathail SM, Seckl MJ et al. An inflammation based score can optimize the selection of patients with advanced cancer considered for early phase clinical trials. PLoS One. 2014;9:e83279.
  • Kang MH, Go SI, Song HN, Lee A, Kim SH, Kang JH et al. The prognostic impact of the neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;111:452-60.
  • Xie D, Marks R, Zhang M, Jiang G, Jatoi A, Garces YI et al. Predict overall survival for patients with small-cell lung cancer incorporating pretreatment peripheral blood markers. J Thorac Oncol.
  • Dellapasqua S, Bagnardi V, Bertolini F, Sandri MT, Pastrello D, Cancello G et al. Increased mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells predicts
  • response to metronomic capecitabine and cyclophosphamide
  • bevacizumab. Breast. 2012;21:309-13. combination with

Hematolojik parametrelerin küçük hücreli akciğer kanserli hastalarda prognoz üzerine etkileri

Year 2016, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 333 - 341, 30.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.211197

Abstract

Amaç: Nötrofil / lenfosit oranı (NLO) ve trombosit / lenfosit oranı (PLO) kanserin birçok türü için prognostik faktördür. Bu çalışmada, standart tedavi verilen küçük hücreli akciğer kanserli (KHAK) hastalarda prognoz ile NLR ve PLR arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Dr. Suat Seren Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Göğüs Cerrahisin’ de KHAK tanısı alan ve standart kemoterapi verilen hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Toplam 136 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların tanı anındaki klinik özellikleri ve hematolojik verileri toplandı. KHAK’li hastalarda tek değişkenli analiz ile cinsiyet, hastalık evresi, metastaz alan sayısı, Karnofsky performans skalası (KPS), evresine göre tedavi alması iyi prognostik faktör olarak gösterildi. Dahası, KHAK’ de tek değişkenli analiz, düşük lenfosit sayısı (<1590) ve yüksek nötrofil lenfosit oranının (≥3.7) kötü prognozu predikte ettiğini gösterdi. Yüksek NLO grubunda ortanca genel sağkalım (OS) daha kötüydü. Çok değişkenli analizde, NLR, metastaz alan sayısı, KPS, tedavi alması genel sağkalım için bağımsız prognostik faktörler olarak bulundu. Buna karşılık tanı sırasında PLO ile genel sağkalım arasında ilişki saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma NLO’ nın, tedavi öncesi KHAK hastalarında kötü prognozun tahmin edilmesine yardımcı olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu bulguları doğrulamak için büyük prospektif çalışmalar gerekmektedir.

References

  • Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, Read W, Tierney R, Vlahiotis A et al. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4539-44.
  • Dowell JE. Small cell lung cancer: are we making progress? Am J Med Sci. 2010;339:68-76.
  • National Cancer Institute at National Institutes of Health. Small cell lung cancer Treatment for health professionals 2015; PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-2015 Jan 23.
  • Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004;18:445–60.
  • Paesmans M, Sculier JP, Lecomte J, Thiriaux J, Libert P, Sergysels R et al. Prognostic factors for patients with small cell lung carcinoma: analysis of a series of 763 patients included in 4 consecutive prospective trials with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Cancer. 2000;89:523–33.
  • Bremnes RM, Sundstrom S, Aasebo U, Kaasa S, Hatlevoll R, Aamdal S. The value of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: results from a randomised multicenter study with minimum 5 year follow-up. Lung Cancer. 2003;39:303-13.
  • Albain KS, Crowley JJ, LeBlanc M, Livingston RB. Determinants of improved outcome in small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of the 2,580-patient Southwest Oncology Group data base. J Clin Oncol.
  • Mantovani A. Cancer: inflaming metastasis. Nature. 2009;1(457):36-7.
  • Schreiber RD, Old LJ, Smyth MJ. Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity’s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. Science. 2011;331:1565-70 .
  • Lee S, Oh SY, Kim SH, Lee JH, Kim, MC, Kim KH et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2013;22:350.
  • Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2014;20:6212-22.
  • Paramanathan A, Saxena A, Morris DL. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of pre- operative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on long term outcomes after curative intent resection of solid tumours. Surg. Oncol. 2014;23:31-9.
  • Qu X, Zhang T, Ma H, Sui P. & Du J. Lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is associated with unfavorable prognosis of resected lung cancer. Future Oncol. 2014;10:2149-59.
  • Lee Y, Kim SH, Han JY, Kim HT, Yun T, Lee JS. Early neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio reduction as a surrogate marker of prognosis in never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving gefitinib or standard chemotherapy as first-line therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138:2009-16.
  • Dunn GP, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity. 2004;21:137–48.
  • De Larco JE, Wuertz BRK, Furcht LT. The potential role of neutrophils in promoting the metastatic phenotype of tumors releasing interleukin-8. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:4895-900.
  • Dirican A, Kucukzeybek BB, Alacacioglu A, Kucukzeybek Y, Erten C, Varol U et al. Do the derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predict prognosis in breast cancer? Int J Clin Oncol. 2015;20:70-81.
  • Cedres S, Torrejon D, Martinez A, Martinez P, Navarro A, Zamora E et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of poor prognosis in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2012;14:864-9.
  • Bambace NM, Holmes CE. The platelet contribution to cancer progression. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:237–49.
  • Brown KM, Domin C, Aranha GV, Yong S, Shoup M. Increased preoperative platelet count is associated with decreased survival after resection for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Surg. 2005;189:278-82.
  • Kwon HC, Kim SH, Oh SY, Lee S, Lee JH, Choi HJ et al. Clinical significance of preoperative neutrophil- lymphocyte versus platelet-lymphocyte ratio in patients with operable colorectal cancer. Biomarkers. 2012;17:216–22.
  • Li J, Dai CH, Chen P, Wu JN, Bao QL, Qiu H et al. Survival and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol. 2010;27:73–81.
  • Hong X, Cui B, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang L, Xu Q. Systemic immune-inflammation index, based on platelet counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, is useful for predicting prognosis in small cell lung cancer. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015;236:297-304.
  • Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, Negoro S, Sugiura T, Yokoyama A. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:85-91.
  • Shiels MS, Engels EA, Shi J, Landi MT, Albanes D, Chatterjee N et al. Genetic variation in innate immunity and inflammation pathways associated with lung cancer risk. Cancer. 2012;118:5630–36.
  • Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Ballkwill F. Cancer related inflammation. Nature. 2008;454:436-44.
  • Fogar P, Sperti C, Basso D, Sanzari MC, Greco E et al. Decreased total lymphocyte counts in pancreatic cancer: an index of adverse outcome. Pancreas. 2006;32:22–28.
  • Pillay J, Kamp VM, van Hoffen E, Visser T, Tak T, Lammers JW et al. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:327–36.
  • Lee WS, Park YL, Kim N, Oh HH, Son DJ, Kim MY, et al. Myeloid cellleukemia-1 is associated with tumor progression by inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5:101–13.
  • Li X, Han Z, Cheng Z, Yu J, Liu S, Yu X et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of recurrence following thermal ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e110546.
  • Pinato DJ, Mauri FA, Ramakrishnan R, Wahab L, Lloyd T, Sharma R. Inflammation-based prognostic indices in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7:587–94.
  • Pinato DJ, Stavraka C, Flynn MJ, Forster MD, O’Cathail SM, Seckl MJ et al. An inflammation based score can optimize the selection of patients with advanced cancer considered for early phase clinical trials. PLoS One. 2014;9:e83279.
  • Kang MH, Go SI, Song HN, Lee A, Kim SH, Kang JH et al. The prognostic impact of the neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;111:452-60.
  • Xie D, Marks R, Zhang M, Jiang G, Jatoi A, Garces YI et al. Predict overall survival for patients with small-cell lung cancer incorporating pretreatment peripheral blood markers. J Thorac Oncol.
  • Dellapasqua S, Bagnardi V, Bertolini F, Sandri MT, Pastrello D, Cancello G et al. Increased mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells predicts
  • response to metronomic capecitabine and cyclophosphamide
  • bevacizumab. Breast. 2012;21:309-13. combination with
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research
Authors

Nigar Dirican

Ceyda Anar This is me

Şule Atalay This is me

Önder Öztürk This is me

H.Ahmet Bircan This is me

Münire Çakır This is me

Ahmet Akkaya This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Dirican, Nigar et al. “Effects on Prognosis of Hematologic Parameters in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2016, pp. 333-41, doi:10.17826/cutf.211197.