Malat dehidrogenaz/malik enzim: insan folikül sıvısında NADPH üreten diğer bir enzim mi?

Year 2017, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 413 - 418, 30.09.2017

Hülya Leventerler İbrahim Ferhat Ürünsak Ümit Yaşar Mehmet Turan Çetin Nurten Dikmen

https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.323368

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üremeye yardımcı tedavi merkezine başvuran hastaların folikül sıvı örneklerinde malat dehidrogenaz ve malik enzim aktivitelerini inceleyerek oosit ve embriyo gelişimi üzerindeki olası etkilerini araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz hasta yaşlarına göre 3 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların folikül sıvı örneklerinde malat dehidrogenaz ve malik enzim aktivite değişimleri incelenerek serum folikül stimülan hormon ve estradiol düzeyleri ve diğer kriterlerle (yaş,  toplanan oosit sayısı, gelişen embriyo sayısı, 1. kalite embriyo sayısı,  2. kalite embriyo sayısı) ilişkisi ve embriyo gelişimi üzerindeki olası etkileri karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Malat dehidrogenaz-NADP aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi arasında zayıf fakat anlamlı bir korelasyon saptandı. En yüksek malat dehidrogenaz-NAD aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi ikinci grupta (30-45 yaş aralığı) bulundu. Bu grupta malat dehidrogenaz-NAD aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi arasında önemli bir korelasyon saptanmadı.

Sonuç: NADPH, memeli oosit ve embriyolarında, lipit  ve steroidal hormon sentezi ile enzimatik antioksidan koruma sistemleri için önemli bir kofaktördür. Sonuçlarımıza göre, insan foliküler sıvısında malat dehidrogenaz aktivitesinin varlığının gösterilmesi glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz aktivitesine ek olarak alternatif bir NADPH kaynağı olabileceğini düşündürmüştür.

Keywords

Enzim, folliküler sıvı, oksidatif stres, oosit

Malate dehydrogenase/malic enzyme: is it another NADPH generating enzyme in human follicular fluid?

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities in human follicular fluid of patients who attended the assisted reproductive unit and to investigate their relation with oocyte and embryo development.

Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were classified into three groups with respect to their age. Changes in follicular fluid malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activity were analyzed and compared with serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels and other criteria (age, number of retrieved oocytes, number of developed embryos, number of grade 1 embryo and grade 2 embryo) to determine the possible effects on embryo development.

Results: A weak but significant correlation was detected between malate dehydrogenase-NADP activity and estradiol level.  malate dehydrogenase-NAD activity and estradiol level were highest in the second group (age between 30-45). But no significant correlation was determined between malate dehydrogenase-NAD activity and estradiol level in this group.

Conclusion: NADPH is an important cofactor for lipid and steroidal hormon synthesis and enzymatic antioxidant defence systems in mammalian oocytes and embryos. According to our results, we believe that the presence of malate dehydrogenase activity in human follicular fluid may be an alternative supplier of NADPH in addition to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.  

Keywords

Enzyme, follicular fluid, oxidative stres, oocytes

References

• 1. Bianchi L, Gagliardi A, Campanella G, Landi C, Capaldo A, Carleo A et al. A methodological and functional proteomic approach of human follicular fluid en route for oocyte quality evaluation. J Prot. 2013;01335:1-16. 2. Hashemitabar M, Bahmanzadeh M, Mostafaie A, Orazizadeh M, Farimani M, Nikbakht R. A proteomic analysis of human follicular fluid: comparison between younger and older women with normal FSH levels. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:17518-540.
• 3. Revelli A, Piane LD, Casano S. Follicular fluid content and oocyte quality:from single biochemical markers to metaboolomics. Reprod Biol Endoc. 2009;7:1-13.
• 4. Zamah AM, Hassis ME, Albertolle ME. Proteomic analysis of human follicular fluid from fertile women. Clin Proteomics. 2015;1:1-12.
• 5. Wallace M, Cottell E, Gibney MJ. An investigation into the relationship between the metabolic profile of follicular fluid, oocyte developmental potential, and implantation outcome. Fertil Steril. 2012;97:1078-84.
• 6. Roy SK, Terada DM. Activities of glucose metabolic enzymes in human preantral follicles: in vitro modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and transforming growth factor beta1. Biol Reprod. 1999;60:763-8999.
• 7. Christopher RG, Nicholls DJ. Malate Dehydrogenase: A model for structure, evolution, and catalysis. Prot Sci. 1994;3:1883-8.
• 8. Minarik P, Tomaskova N, Kollarova M. Malate Dehydrogenases-structure and function. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2002;21:257-65.
• 9. Yingwu X, Bhargava G, Wu H, Loeber G, Tong L. Crystal structure of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme:a new class of oxidative decarboxylases. Structure. 1999;7:877-89.
• 10. Yang Z, Zhang H, Hung HC, Kuo CC. Structural studies of the pigeon cytosolic NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme. Prot Sci. 2002;11:332-41.
• 11. Leventerler H, Taga S, Ürünsak İF, Arıdoğan İA, Solmaz S, Çetin MT et al. Malate dehydrogenase activity in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa homogenates.Cukurova Med J. 2013;38:648-58.
• 12. Dennis SJ, Thomas MA, Williams DB, Robins JC. Embryo morphology score on day 3 is predictive of implantation and live birth rates. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2006;23:171-5.
• 13. Adiga SK, Kumar P, Bijoor SK. Lactate dehydrogenase estimation in follicular fluid: correlation with patient age, follicle size and super ovulation in ART cycles. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;105:150-4.
• 14. Yoon SJ, Koo DB, Park JS, Choi KH, Han YM, Lee KA. Role of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase in oocyte maturation and embryo development. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:1129-36.
• 15. Conley A, Hinshelwood M. Mammalian aromatases. Reprod. 2001;121:685-95.
• 16. Leventerler H, Taga S, Yaşar Ü, Ürünsak İF, Çetin MT, Dikmen N. Folikül sıvısında malat dehidrogenaz ve malik enzim aktivitelerinin incelenmesi. Abstracts of the IV. Meeting of the Society for the Reproductive Medicine, 26-29 September 2013, Belek- Antalya.
• 17. Leventerler H, Ürünsak İF, Yaşar Ü, Taga S, Sertdemir Y, Çetin MT, Dikmen N. Study of the relation among malate dehdyrogenase activity of the follicular fluid and hormon level and oocyte quality of the patients who attended the assisted reproductive unit. 13th National Congress of Gynecology and Obstetric, 11-15 May 2015, Belek, Antalya.
• 18. Carbone MC, Tatone C, Monache SD, Marci R, Caserta D, Colonna R et al. Antioxidant enzymatic defences in human follicular fluid: characterization and age dependent changes. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003;9:639-43.
• 19. Jana SK, Chattopadhyay R, Chakravarty B, Chaudhury K. Upper control limit of reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid beyond which viable embryo formation is not favorable. Reprod Toxicol. 2010;29:447-51.
• 20. Gardiner CS, Salmen JS Brandt CJ and Stover SK. Glutathione is present in reproductive tract secretions and improves development of mouse embryos after chemically induced glutathione depletion. Biol Reprod. 1998;59:431-6.
• 21. Camarillo CO, Gonzalez AG, Onofre MV, González-Padilla E, Avalos-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez ME et al. Changes in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in ewes. Reprod. 2009;889-986.
• 22. Dorgan JF, Reichman ME, Judd JT, Brown C, Longcope C, Schatzkin A et al. Relationships of age and reproductive characteristics with plasma estrogens and androgens in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:381-6.
• 23. Musey VC, Collins DC, Brogan DR, Santos VR, Musey PI, Martino-Saltzman et al. Age-related changes in the female hormonal environment during reproductive life. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:312-7.