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The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on Oxidative Stress and Ovarian Function in Rats Exposed to Tobacco Smokes

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 203 - 212, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.84313

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of - tocopherol in inhibiting ovarian oxidative stress, changes in ovarian follicles, estradiol levels, and the thickness of the endometrium in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. Material and Methods: Forty female rats were divided into five groups consisting of a control group; group exposed to tobacco smoke; groups exposed to tobacco smokes receiving  - tocopherol supplementation at doses of 100; 200, and 400 mg/kg. Exposure to tobacco smoke was induced using smoke pumping equipment which was designed and made available in the Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. Analysis of MDA level was done colorimetrically. Analysis of the number of ovarian follicles and endometrial thickness was done histopathologically with hematoxylin eosin staining. Analysis of estradiol level was done by ELISA technique. Results: Exposure to tobacco smoke in rats can increase ovarian MDA level (0.388 ± 0.085) significantly compared to the control (0.121 ± 0.026) (P> 0.05). -tocopherol in various doses can reduce MDA level significantly compared to the group exposed to tobacco smoke (P 0.05). The number of primary follicles in the -tocopherol group of the first dose (3.8 ± 1.095) was comparable to the control group (3.8 ± 1.095) (P> 0.05). The numbers of secondary follicles in the -tocopherol group of the first dose (5.2 ± 1.304) and of the second dose (5.4 ± 0.548) were significantly higher than the control group (3.6 ± 0.548) (P < 0.05). Tobacco smoke lowered estradiol level (10.815 ± 2.374) significantly compared with no exposure (21.354 ± 4.215) (P < 0.05). Administration of -tocopherol in different doses increased estradiol level, reaching the level in the control group (P > 0.05). Tobacco smoke lowered thickness of endometrium (209.491 ± 38.635) significantly compared with no exposure (600.265 ± 76.563) (P < 0.05). The -tocopherol of the first dose (604. 569 ± 33.621) and of the second dose (609.459 ± 37.105) increase estradiol levels, reaching the level in the control group (600.265 ± 76.563) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results describe above, it was concluded that -tocopherol could prevent oxidative damage and loss of ovarian function due to exposure to tobacco smoke characterized by decreased levels of MDA, increases in primary and secondary follicles, as well as the hormone estradiol. Furthermore, it also increased the thickness of endometrium.

References

  • Rodgman A, Perfetti TA. The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2008.
  • Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. Journal American College Cardiology. 2004;43:1731–7.
  • Lu H, Amagai T, Ohura T. Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in Chinese and Japanese residential air. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2011;3:1512–7.
  • D’Agostini F, Balansky R, Steele VE, Ganchev G, Pesce C, De Flora S. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the lung, liver and urinary tract of mice exposed to environmental cigarette smoke and UV light since birth. International Journal of Cancer. 2008;123:2497–2502.
  • Tricker AR, Schorp MK, Urban HJ, Leyden D, Hagedorn HW, Engl J, Urban M, Riedel K, Gielch G, Janket D, Scherer G. Comparison of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) concentrations generated by an electrically heated cigarette smoking system and a conventional Cigarette. Inhalation Toxicology. 2009;21:62-77.
  • Sadeu JC, Foster WG. Cigarette smoke condensat exposure delays follicular development and function in a stage-dependent manner. Fertility and Sterility. 2011;95:2410-7.
  • Valavanidis A, Vlachhogianni T, Fiotakis K. Tobacco smoke: involvement of reactive oxygen species and stable free radicals in mechanisms of oxidative damage, carcinogenesis and synergistic effects with other respirable particles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009;6:445-62.
  • Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Blumberg J, Goldman MB. 200 Oxidative stress and antioxidant: exposure and impact on female fertility. Human Reproduction Update. 2008;14:345-57
  • Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma RK. Role oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2005;3(28).
  • Agarwal A, Mellado AA, Premkumar BJ, Sharma A, Gupta S. The Effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2012;10(49).
  • Neal MS, Zhu J, Holloway AC, Foster WG. Follicle growth is inhibited by benzo [a] pyrene,at consentrations representative of human exposure, in an isolated rat follicle culture assay. Human and Reproduction. 2007;22:961-7.
  • Soares SR, Melo MA. Cigarette smoking and reproductive function. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008;20:281–91.
  • Devaraj S, Leonard S, Traber MG, Jialal I. Gammatocopherol supplementation alone and in combination with alpha-tocopherol alters biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Free Radical Biology Medicine. 2008;44:1203–8.
  • Mustacich DJ, Bruno RS, Traber MG. Vitamin E. Vitamin Hormones. 2007;76:1–21.
  • Kelly G. The interaction of cigarette smoking and antioxidants. part II: alpha – tocopherol. Alternative Medicine Review. 2002;7:500-511.
  • Gagne A, Wei SQ, Fraser WD, Julien P. Absorption, transport, and bioavailability of vitamin e and its role in pregnant Women. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecology Canada. 2009;31:210-7.
  • Miclea I, Hettgig A, Zahan M, Roman I, Miclea V. 200 The effect of several α-tocopherol concentrations on swine oocyte maturation and embryo culture. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies. 2009;1-2:385-92.
  • Chatterjee P, Maitra S, Bandyopadhyay A. Effects of Vitamin–e supplementation on platelet agregation and endurance capacity in different menstrual phases of female athletes. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2009;03:152-6.
  • Tome AR, Ferreira PMP, Freitas RM. Inhibitory action of antioxidants (ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) on seizures and brain damage induced by pilocorpine in rats. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria. 2010;68:355–
  • Westwood FR. The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging. Toxicology Pathology. 2008;36:375-84.
  • Wu SC, Liu M. In vitro asessement of reproductive toxicity of cigarette smoke and deleterious consequence of maternal exposure to its constituent. Biology Research. 2012;45:101-9.
  • Cooper AR, Moley KH. Maternal tobacco use and its preimplantation effects on fertility: more reasons to stop smoking. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2008;26:204–12.
  • Dorfman SF. Tobacco and fertility: our responsibilities. Fertility and Sterility. 2008;89:502-4.
  • Bordel R, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Vollmar B. Nicotine does not affect vascularization but inhibits growth of freely transplanted ovarian follicles by inducing granulosa cell apoptosis. Human Reproduction. 2006;21:610–7.
  • Connie JMK, Patricia BH, Patrick JD. Xenobiotic effects on ovarian preantral follicles. Biology of Reproduction. 2011;85:871–83.
  • Bruno A, Siena L, Gerbino S, Ferraro M, Chanez P, Giammanco M, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Apigenin affects leptin/leptin receptor pathway and induces cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cell line. European Journal Cancer. 2011;47:2042–51.
  • Asadi E, Jahanshahi M, Golalipour MJ. Effect of vitamin e on oocytes apoptosis in nicotine-treated mice. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Science. 2012;15:3.
  • Noor MS, Bakhriansyah HM, Widjiati W, Santoso B. Nicotine supplementation blocks oocyte maturation in Rattus norvegicus. Universa Medicina. 2013;32:92-8.
  • Sobinoff AP, Becket EL, Jarnicki AG, Sutherland JM, McCluskey A, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA. Scrambled and fried: cigarette smoke exposure cuases antral follicle destruction and oocyte dysfunction through oxidative stress. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2013;271:156-67.
  • Boutin JM, Jolicoeur C, Okamura H, Gagnon J, Edery M, Shirota M, Banville D, Dusanter-Fourt I, Djiane J, Kelly PA. Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor, a member of the growth hormone/ prolactin receptor family. Cell. 1988;53:69–77.
  • Masakazu S, Yutaka H, Masahiro S, Tomoaki I, Kumiko H, Takumi Y, Tetsuya N. Changes in steroid enzyme activity in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Acta Obstetric Gynaecology Japan. 1994;39:1571–8.
  • MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D, Cole P, Brown J. Cigarette smoking and urinary estrogens. New England Journal Medicine. 1982;307:1062-5.
  • Jensen J, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. New England Journal Medicine. 1985;313:973-5.
  • Daniel M, Martin AD, Drinkwater DT. Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women. Calcified Tissue International. 1992;50:300–5.
  • Shulman A, Ellenbogen A, Maymon R, Bahary C. Smoking out the oestrogens. Human Reproduction 1990;5:231-3.
  • Mingels MJJ, Geels YP, Pijnenborg JMA, van der Wurff AA, van Tilborg AAG, van Ham MAPC, Massuger LFAG, Bulten J. Histopathologic assesment of the entire endometrium in asymptomatic women. Human Pathology. 2013;44:2293-2301.
  • Kathryn BH, Clancy. Reproductive ecology and the endometrium: physiology, variation, and new directions. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 2009;52:137–54.
  • Xiao D, Huang X, Yang S, Zhang L. Direct effects of nicotine on contractility of the uterine artery in pregnancy. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2007;322:180–5.
  • Zhou Y, Gan Y, Taylor HS, Cigarette smoke inhibits recuitment of bone marrow-derived stem cells to the uterus. Reproductive Toxicology. 2011;31:123-7.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Rahajeng Siti Nur Rahmawati Midwifery Master Study Prgramme, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang, East Java, INDONESIA email: rahajengsnr81@gmail.com geliş tarihi/received :10.12.2013 kabul tarihi/accepted:15.01.2014

Sigara Dumanına Maruz Kalan Sıçanlarda Tokoferalinin Oksidatif Stres ve Over Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 203 - 212, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.84313

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara dumanına maruz kalan sıçanlarda -tokoferolün overlerin oksidatif stresi, over foliküllerinin değişiklikleri ile östradiol düzeyleri ve endometriyum kalınlığı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metod: Kırk dişi sıçan beş gruba ayrıldı. Bu beş grup içerisine kontrol grubu ve sigara dumanına maruz bırakılan gruplar; 100, 200 ve 400 mg/kg dozlarında -tokoferol takviyesi yapılan, dahil edildi. Sigara dumanı için duman pompalama ekipmanı Brawijaya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Farmakoloji Laboratuvarında tasarlandı ve üniversitemiz kullanımına sunuldu. Kolometrik olarak MDA seviyesi analizi yapıldı. Over folikülü sayısının analizi ve endometriyum kalınlığı hematoksilen eozin boyama ile histopatolojik olarak yapıldı. ELİSA tekniğiyle östradiol seviyesinin analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Kontroller ile (0.121 ± 0.026) (p> 0.05), sigara dumanına maruz kalan sıçanların over MDA düzeyleri (0.388 ± 0.085) karşılaştırıldı. Sigara dumanına maruz kalan sıçanların over MDA düzeylerinin önemli ölçüde arttığı gözlendi. Çeşitli dozlarda -tokoferol verilen gruplar sigara dumanına (P 0.05) gözlemlenen rakamlara ulaşılmasını sağladı. İlk doz -tokoferol uygulanan gruptaki (3.8 ± 1.095) birincil folikül sayısı, kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldı (3.8 ± 1.095) (P> 0.05). Tokoferol grubunda İlk doz (5,2 ± 1,304) ve ikinci doz (5.4 ± 0.548) sekonder folikül sayıları kontrol grubuna (3.6 ± 0.548) (p 0.05) seviyesine ulaştığı gözlendi. Sigara dumanına maruz bırakılan ve bırakılmayan gruplar (600,265 ± 76,563) (p 0.05) seviyelerine ulaştı. Sonuç: Yukarıda belirtilen bu sonuçlara göre, -tokoferol nedeniyle azalmış MDA düzeyleri, primer ve sekonder folikül artışlarının yanı sıra sigara dumanına maruz kalmayla östradiol hormon, oksidatif hasarı ve overlerin fonksiyon kaybını önleyebilir sonucuna varıldı. Aynı zamanda endometriyum kalınlığıda artış gösterdi.

References

  • Rodgman A, Perfetti TA. The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2008.
  • Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. Journal American College Cardiology. 2004;43:1731–7.
  • Lu H, Amagai T, Ohura T. Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in Chinese and Japanese residential air. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2011;3:1512–7.
  • D’Agostini F, Balansky R, Steele VE, Ganchev G, Pesce C, De Flora S. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the lung, liver and urinary tract of mice exposed to environmental cigarette smoke and UV light since birth. International Journal of Cancer. 2008;123:2497–2502.
  • Tricker AR, Schorp MK, Urban HJ, Leyden D, Hagedorn HW, Engl J, Urban M, Riedel K, Gielch G, Janket D, Scherer G. Comparison of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) concentrations generated by an electrically heated cigarette smoking system and a conventional Cigarette. Inhalation Toxicology. 2009;21:62-77.
  • Sadeu JC, Foster WG. Cigarette smoke condensat exposure delays follicular development and function in a stage-dependent manner. Fertility and Sterility. 2011;95:2410-7.
  • Valavanidis A, Vlachhogianni T, Fiotakis K. Tobacco smoke: involvement of reactive oxygen species and stable free radicals in mechanisms of oxidative damage, carcinogenesis and synergistic effects with other respirable particles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009;6:445-62.
  • Ruder EH, Hartman TJ, Blumberg J, Goldman MB. 200 Oxidative stress and antioxidant: exposure and impact on female fertility. Human Reproduction Update. 2008;14:345-57
  • Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma RK. Role oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2005;3(28).
  • Agarwal A, Mellado AA, Premkumar BJ, Sharma A, Gupta S. The Effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2012;10(49).
  • Neal MS, Zhu J, Holloway AC, Foster WG. Follicle growth is inhibited by benzo [a] pyrene,at consentrations representative of human exposure, in an isolated rat follicle culture assay. Human and Reproduction. 2007;22:961-7.
  • Soares SR, Melo MA. Cigarette smoking and reproductive function. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008;20:281–91.
  • Devaraj S, Leonard S, Traber MG, Jialal I. Gammatocopherol supplementation alone and in combination with alpha-tocopherol alters biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Free Radical Biology Medicine. 2008;44:1203–8.
  • Mustacich DJ, Bruno RS, Traber MG. Vitamin E. Vitamin Hormones. 2007;76:1–21.
  • Kelly G. The interaction of cigarette smoking and antioxidants. part II: alpha – tocopherol. Alternative Medicine Review. 2002;7:500-511.
  • Gagne A, Wei SQ, Fraser WD, Julien P. Absorption, transport, and bioavailability of vitamin e and its role in pregnant Women. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecology Canada. 2009;31:210-7.
  • Miclea I, Hettgig A, Zahan M, Roman I, Miclea V. 200 The effect of several α-tocopherol concentrations on swine oocyte maturation and embryo culture. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies. 2009;1-2:385-92.
  • Chatterjee P, Maitra S, Bandyopadhyay A. Effects of Vitamin–e supplementation on platelet agregation and endurance capacity in different menstrual phases of female athletes. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2009;03:152-6.
  • Tome AR, Ferreira PMP, Freitas RM. Inhibitory action of antioxidants (ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) on seizures and brain damage induced by pilocorpine in rats. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria. 2010;68:355–
  • Westwood FR. The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging. Toxicology Pathology. 2008;36:375-84.
  • Wu SC, Liu M. In vitro asessement of reproductive toxicity of cigarette smoke and deleterious consequence of maternal exposure to its constituent. Biology Research. 2012;45:101-9.
  • Cooper AR, Moley KH. Maternal tobacco use and its preimplantation effects on fertility: more reasons to stop smoking. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2008;26:204–12.
  • Dorfman SF. Tobacco and fertility: our responsibilities. Fertility and Sterility. 2008;89:502-4.
  • Bordel R, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Vollmar B. Nicotine does not affect vascularization but inhibits growth of freely transplanted ovarian follicles by inducing granulosa cell apoptosis. Human Reproduction. 2006;21:610–7.
  • Connie JMK, Patricia BH, Patrick JD. Xenobiotic effects on ovarian preantral follicles. Biology of Reproduction. 2011;85:871–83.
  • Bruno A, Siena L, Gerbino S, Ferraro M, Chanez P, Giammanco M, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Apigenin affects leptin/leptin receptor pathway and induces cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cell line. European Journal Cancer. 2011;47:2042–51.
  • Asadi E, Jahanshahi M, Golalipour MJ. Effect of vitamin e on oocytes apoptosis in nicotine-treated mice. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Science. 2012;15:3.
  • Noor MS, Bakhriansyah HM, Widjiati W, Santoso B. Nicotine supplementation blocks oocyte maturation in Rattus norvegicus. Universa Medicina. 2013;32:92-8.
  • Sobinoff AP, Becket EL, Jarnicki AG, Sutherland JM, McCluskey A, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA. Scrambled and fried: cigarette smoke exposure cuases antral follicle destruction and oocyte dysfunction through oxidative stress. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2013;271:156-67.
  • Boutin JM, Jolicoeur C, Okamura H, Gagnon J, Edery M, Shirota M, Banville D, Dusanter-Fourt I, Djiane J, Kelly PA. Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor, a member of the growth hormone/ prolactin receptor family. Cell. 1988;53:69–77.
  • Masakazu S, Yutaka H, Masahiro S, Tomoaki I, Kumiko H, Takumi Y, Tetsuya N. Changes in steroid enzyme activity in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Acta Obstetric Gynaecology Japan. 1994;39:1571–8.
  • MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D, Cole P, Brown J. Cigarette smoking and urinary estrogens. New England Journal Medicine. 1982;307:1062-5.
  • Jensen J, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. New England Journal Medicine. 1985;313:973-5.
  • Daniel M, Martin AD, Drinkwater DT. Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women. Calcified Tissue International. 1992;50:300–5.
  • Shulman A, Ellenbogen A, Maymon R, Bahary C. Smoking out the oestrogens. Human Reproduction 1990;5:231-3.
  • Mingels MJJ, Geels YP, Pijnenborg JMA, van der Wurff AA, van Tilborg AAG, van Ham MAPC, Massuger LFAG, Bulten J. Histopathologic assesment of the entire endometrium in asymptomatic women. Human Pathology. 2013;44:2293-2301.
  • Kathryn BH, Clancy. Reproductive ecology and the endometrium: physiology, variation, and new directions. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 2009;52:137–54.
  • Xiao D, Huang X, Yang S, Zhang L. Direct effects of nicotine on contractility of the uterine artery in pregnancy. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2007;322:180–5.
  • Zhou Y, Gan Y, Taylor HS, Cigarette smoke inhibits recuitment of bone marrow-derived stem cells to the uterus. Reproductive Toxicology. 2011;31:123-7.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Rahajeng Siti Nur Rahmawati Midwifery Master Study Prgramme, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang, East Java, INDONESIA email: rahajengsnr81@gmail.com geliş tarihi/received :10.12.2013 kabul tarihi/accepted:15.01.2014
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research
Authors

Rahajeng Siti Nur Ratnawati This is me

Ika Nur Saputri This is me

Retti Ratnawati This is me

Setyawati Soeharto This is me

I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Ratnawati, Rahajeng Siti Nur et al. “Sigara Dumanına Maruz Kalan Sıçanlarda Tokoferalinin Oksidatif Stres Ve Over Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014, pp. 203-12, doi:10.17826/cutf.84313.