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Evaluation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients According to Gender Differences

Year 2015, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 409 - 417, 30.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.45416

Abstract

Purpose: A homogenous classification cannot be obtained because of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder’s (OCD) heterogeneous structure. The present study aimed to determine the relation of gender related differences with clinical features, symptom dimensions, age of onset, comorbidity in OCD patients. As distinct from the other studies we also aimed to evaluate the difference of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale’s (Y-BOCS) subscales (insight, avoidance, pathologic doubt and pathologic responsibility, instability, retardation) between male and female patients with OCD. Method: The present study comprised of 198 patients aged between 15 and 65 years, who met the OCD criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Detailed data on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups; male (n=65) and female (n=133). The patients underwent Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Inventory (SCID-I), Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Check List, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory. Scores of these inventories were statistically compared. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, marital status, education level, family history, social support, hospitalization and suicidal attempt history between the two groups. We found a high treatment seeking, earlier age onset of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and disorder in males. We did not find any symptom differences except sexual obsession and repeating compulsion between male and female patients with OCD. We also found high BAI and BDI scores in females. We did not find statistically significant differences in the proportion of comorbid psychiatric disorders and the subscales of Y-BOCS between genders. Conclusion: The present study suggests that age of onset, treatment seeking, anxiety, depression level, and some OC symptoms are different between male and female patients and gender may be used for the classification of the OCD.

References

  • Nestadt G, Di CZ, Riddle MA. Obsessive–compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine. 2009;39:1491–1501.
  • Prabhu L, Cherian AV, Viswanath B, Kandavel T, Math SB, Reddy JYC. Symptom dimensions in OCD and their association with clinical characteristics and comorbid disorders. J of OCD Related Dis. 2013;2:14-21.
  • Hemmings SMJ, Kinnear CJ, Lochner C et al. Early- versus late-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder: investigating Psychiatry Res. 2004;128:175–82. clinical correlates. conditions in obsessive-compulsive
  • Noshirvani HF, Kasvikis Y, Marks IM, Tsakiris F, Monteiro WO. Gender-divergent aetiological factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brit J Psychiatry. 1991;158:260-3.
  • Torres AR, Prince MI, Bebbinton PE et al. Obsessive compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163:1978-85.
  • Torresan RC, de Abreu Ramos-Cerqueria AT, de Mathis MA et al. Sex differences in the phenotypic expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study from Brazil. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2009;50:63-9.
  • Sobin C, Blundell M, Weiller F, Gavigan C, Haiman C, Karayiorgou M. Phenotypic characteristics of obsessive-compulsive adulthood. J Psychiatr Res. 1999;33:265–27. ascertained in
  • Karadag F, Oguzhanoglu NK, Ozdel O, Ateşci FC, Amuk T. OCD symptoms in a sample of Turkish patients: a phenomenological picture. Depr Anxiety. 2006;23:145-52.
  • Jaisoorya TS, Janardhan Reddy, Srinath S, Tennarasu K. Sex differences in Indian patients with obsessive-compulsive Psychiatry. 2009;50:70-5. Comprehensive
  • Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P et al. Gender differences dimensions. Depr Anxiety. 2008;25: 832-8.
  • Lensi P, Cassano GB, Correddu G, Ravagli S, Kunovac JL, Akiskal HS. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. symptomatology, comorbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;169:101-7. history,
  • Tükel R, Polat A, Genc A, Bozkurt O, Atli H. Gender- related differences among Turkish patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2004;45:362-6.
  • Matsunaga H, Kirike N, Matsui T et al. Gender differences in social and interpersonal features and personality disorders among Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive Psychiatry. 2000;41:266-72. Comprehensive
  • Fischer DJ, Himle JA, Hanna GL. Age and gender effects on obsessive compulsive symptoms in children and adults. Depress Anxiety. 1997;4:237-9
  • First, MB, Spitzer MB, Gibbon M et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version.:American Psychiatric Press, Inc; Washington, DC,1996.
  • Özkürkcügil A, Aydemir O, Yildiz M ve ark. DSM-IV eksen I bozuklukları için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşmenin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999;12:233-6
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961;4:53-63.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliliği. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
  • Beck AT, Brown G, Epstein N,Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Sahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety İnventory. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA et al. The Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale II validity. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1012-6.
  • Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA et al. The Yale-Brown development,use and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1006-11. Compulsive Scale:
  • Karamustafalıoğlu OK, Ucışık AM, Ulusoy M, Erkmen H. Yale-Brown Obsesyon-Kompülsiyon Derecelendirme Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. 29. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi Program ve Bildiri Ozetleri Kitabı, Bursa Savaş Ofset,1993.
  • Tek C, Ulug B, Rezaki BG et al. Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and US National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale in Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1995;91:410-3
  • Castle DJ, Deale A, Marks IM. Gender differences in obsessive compulsive disorder. Austr N Z J Psychiatry. 1995;29:114-7.
  • Fontenelle LF, Marques C, Versiani M. The effect of gender on the clinical features and therapeutic response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatria. 2002;44:7-11.

Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Tanılı Hastaların Cinsiyet Farklılığı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 409 - 417, 30.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.45416

Abstract

Amaç: Heterojen yapısından dolayı Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta homojen bir sınıflandırma yapılamamıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı OKB hastalarındaki klinik özellikler, belirti farklılıkları, başlama yaşı, eş tanılar ile cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesidir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, Yale- Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği’nin alt ölçeklerinin (içgörü, kaçınma, patolojik kuşku ve sorumluluk, kararsızlık ve yavaşlama) OKB’si olan kadın ve erkekler arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi de amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: DSM-IV-TR’ ye göre OKB kriterlerini karşılayan, yaşları 15 ve 65 arasında olan 198 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıntılı klinik ve sosyodemografik özellikler kaydedilmiş ve hastalar iki gruba ayrılmıştır; erkek(n= 65) ve kadın(n=133). Hastalara Eksen I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Görüşme (SCID-I), YBCOS ve Yale Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Belirti Listesi, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır Ve bu ölçeklerin puanları istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, aile öyküsü, sosyal destek, hastaneye yatış ve özkıyım girişimi öyküsü açısından iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Erkeklerde daha yüksek oranda tedavi arayışı, obsesif kompülsif belirti veya hastalığın daha erken yaşta başladığını bulduk. Cinsel obsesyonlar ve tekrarlama kompulsiyonu dışında belirti farklılıkları açısından OKB’li kadın ve erkekler arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Kadınlarda BAÖ ve BDÖ ölçek puanları yüksek bulunmuştur.. Cinsiyetler arasında psikiyatrik eştanılar ve Y-BCOS alt ölçek puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma başlama yaşı, tedavi arayışı, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyi ve bazı obsesif kompülsif belirtilerin kadın ve erkek hastalar arasında farklı olduğunu ve cinsiyetin OKB sınıflandırmasında kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

References

  • Nestadt G, Di CZ, Riddle MA. Obsessive–compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine. 2009;39:1491–1501.
  • Prabhu L, Cherian AV, Viswanath B, Kandavel T, Math SB, Reddy JYC. Symptom dimensions in OCD and their association with clinical characteristics and comorbid disorders. J of OCD Related Dis. 2013;2:14-21.
  • Hemmings SMJ, Kinnear CJ, Lochner C et al. Early- versus late-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder: investigating Psychiatry Res. 2004;128:175–82. clinical correlates. conditions in obsessive-compulsive
  • Noshirvani HF, Kasvikis Y, Marks IM, Tsakiris F, Monteiro WO. Gender-divergent aetiological factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brit J Psychiatry. 1991;158:260-3.
  • Torres AR, Prince MI, Bebbinton PE et al. Obsessive compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163:1978-85.
  • Torresan RC, de Abreu Ramos-Cerqueria AT, de Mathis MA et al. Sex differences in the phenotypic expression of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study from Brazil. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2009;50:63-9.
  • Sobin C, Blundell M, Weiller F, Gavigan C, Haiman C, Karayiorgou M. Phenotypic characteristics of obsessive-compulsive adulthood. J Psychiatr Res. 1999;33:265–27. ascertained in
  • Karadag F, Oguzhanoglu NK, Ozdel O, Ateşci FC, Amuk T. OCD symptoms in a sample of Turkish patients: a phenomenological picture. Depr Anxiety. 2006;23:145-52.
  • Jaisoorya TS, Janardhan Reddy, Srinath S, Tennarasu K. Sex differences in Indian patients with obsessive-compulsive Psychiatry. 2009;50:70-5. Comprehensive
  • Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P et al. Gender differences dimensions. Depr Anxiety. 2008;25: 832-8.
  • Lensi P, Cassano GB, Correddu G, Ravagli S, Kunovac JL, Akiskal HS. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. symptomatology, comorbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;169:101-7. history,
  • Tükel R, Polat A, Genc A, Bozkurt O, Atli H. Gender- related differences among Turkish patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2004;45:362-6.
  • Matsunaga H, Kirike N, Matsui T et al. Gender differences in social and interpersonal features and personality disorders among Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive Psychiatry. 2000;41:266-72. Comprehensive
  • Fischer DJ, Himle JA, Hanna GL. Age and gender effects on obsessive compulsive symptoms in children and adults. Depress Anxiety. 1997;4:237-9
  • First, MB, Spitzer MB, Gibbon M et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version.:American Psychiatric Press, Inc; Washington, DC,1996.
  • Özkürkcügil A, Aydemir O, Yildiz M ve ark. DSM-IV eksen I bozuklukları için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşmenin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999;12:233-6
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961;4:53-63.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliliği. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
  • Beck AT, Brown G, Epstein N,Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Sahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety İnventory. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA et al. The Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale II validity. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1012-6.
  • Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA et al. The Yale-Brown development,use and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:1006-11. Compulsive Scale:
  • Karamustafalıoğlu OK, Ucışık AM, Ulusoy M, Erkmen H. Yale-Brown Obsesyon-Kompülsiyon Derecelendirme Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. 29. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi Program ve Bildiri Ozetleri Kitabı, Bursa Savaş Ofset,1993.
  • Tek C, Ulug B, Rezaki BG et al. Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and US National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale in Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1995;91:410-3
  • Castle DJ, Deale A, Marks IM. Gender differences in obsessive compulsive disorder. Austr N Z J Psychiatry. 1995;29:114-7.
  • Fontenelle LF, Marques C, Versiani M. The effect of gender on the clinical features and therapeutic response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatria. 2002;44:7-11.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research
Authors

Ebru Altıntaş This is me

Gamze Özçürümez This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 40 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Altıntaş, Ebru and Gamze Özçürümez. “Evaluation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients According to Gender Differences”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 40, no. 3, 2015, pp. 409-17, doi:10.17826/cutf.45416.