Research Article
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Stereological measurement of liver volume in newborn cadavers

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 223 - 231, 31.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.645040

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare different techniques for the estimation of liver volume using cadaveric sample, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) images, and to measure errors associated with volume estimation techniques based on fluid displacement (the Archimedes' principle).
Materials and Methods: Our study was formed of five newborn cadavers aged 39.7±1.5 weeks and weighted 2.220±1.056 g. We used three different methods for calculate the liver volume.
Results: Liver volume (LV) measured by the Archimedes' principle was 70.00±49.96 cm3. There was no significant difference between the methods.
Conclusion: MR and USG images provide easy, applicable and reproducible estimates in calculating volume of normal and anomalous liver with the Cavalieri’s principle. We think that our study may be a reference for similar studies to be done in the upcoming years.

Supporting Institution

The present study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board Erciyes University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (No: 2011/79) Informed consent was submitted by all subjects when they were enrolled.

References

  • 1. Henry Gray HVC. Gray's Anatomy of Human Body. China: Elsevier2008.
  • 2. Kayaalp C, Arda K, Oto A, Oran M. Liver volume measurement by spiral CT: an in vitro study. Clin Imaging 2002; 26 (2): 122-124.
  • 3. Acer N, Sahin B, Usanmaz M, Tatoglu H, Irmak Z. Comparison of point counting and planimetry methods for the assessment of cerebellar volume in human using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Surg Radiol Anat 2008; 30 (4): 335-339. doi: 10.1007/s00276-008-0330-9.
  • 4. Acer N, Ugurlu N, Uysal DD, Unur E, Turgut M, Camurdanoglu M. Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating volume of intracerebral ventricles using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Anat Sci Int 2010; 85 (3): 131-139. doi: 10.1007/s12565-009-0068-4.
  • 5. Ertekin T, Acer N, Turgut AT, Aycan K, Ozcelik O, Turgut M. Comparison of three methods for the estimation of the pituitary gland volume using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Pituitary 2011; 14 (1): 31-38. doi: 10.1007/s11102-010-0254-3.
  • 6. Sahin B, Emirzeoglu M, Uzun A, Incesu L, Bek Y, Bilgic S, et al. Unbiased estimation of the liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using magnetic resonance images. Eur J Radiol 2003; 47 (2): 164-170.
  • 7. Emirzeoglu M, Sahin B, Selcuk MB, Kaplan S. The effects of section thickness on the estimation of liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using computed tomography images. Eur J Radiol 2005; 56 (3): 391-397. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.04.008.
  • 8. Mazonakis M, Karampekios S, Damilakis J, Voloudaki A, Gourtsoyiannis N. Stereological estimation of total intracranial volume on CT images. Eur Radiol 2004; 14 (7): 1285-1290. doi: 10.1007/s00330-004-2253-0.
  • 9. Acer N, Cankaya MN, Isci O, Bas O, Camurdanoglu M, Turgut M. Estimation of cerebral surface area using vertical sectioning and magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Brain Res 2010; 1310 29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.017.
  • 10. Gunal MY, Ozansoy M, Kilic U, Keskin I, Ozdemir EM, Aslan I, et al. Role of erythropoietin and its receptor in the development of endometriosis in rats. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; doi: 10.4274/jtgga.2018.0039.
  • 11. Acer N, Sahin B, Ucar T, Usanmaz M. Unbiased estimation of the eyeball volume using the Cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20 (1): 233-237. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181843518.
  • 12. Doğan H.T BM, Karatağ O, Değirmenci H, Özkurt H. . Evaluation of liver, spleen and kidney sizes by ultrasonography in normal children between the ages of 0–14. Turk Journal Pediatr 2004; (47): 107-113.
  • 13. Roberts N, Puddephat MJ, McNulty V. The benefit of stereology for quantitative radiology. Br J Radiol 2000; 73 (871): 679-697. doi: 10.1259/bjr.73.871.11089458.
  • 14. Roberts N, Garden AS, Cruz-Orive LM, Whitehouse GH, Edwards RH. Estimation of fetal volume by magnetic resonance imaging and stereology. Br J Radiol 1994; 67 (803): 1067-1077. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-67-803-1067.
  • 15. Sahin B, Alper T, Kokcu A, Malatyalioglu E, Kosif R. Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 82 (1): 25-30.
  • 16. Marta García-Fiñana LMC-O. Improved variance prediction for systematic sampling on R. Statistics 2004; 38 (3): 243-272.
  • 17. Garcia-Finana M, Cruz-Orive LM, Mackay CE, Pakkenberg B, Roberts N. Comparison of MR imaging against physical sectioning to estimate the volume of human cerebral compartments. Neuroimage 2003; 18 (2): 505-516.
  • 18. Ronan L, Doherty CP, Delanty N, Thornton J, Fitzsimons M. Quantitative MRI: a reliable protocol for measurement of cerebral gyrification using stereology. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24 (3): 265-272. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2005.10.033.
  • 19. Lawrence Lin ASH, Bikas Sinha, and Min Yang Statistical Methods in Assessing Agreement: Models, Issues, and Tools. Journal of the American Statistical Association 2002; 97 (457): 257-270.
  • 20. Sahin B, Ergur H. Assessment of the optimum section thickness for the estimation of liver volume using magnetic resonance images: a stereological gold standard study. Eur J Radiol 2006; 57 (1): 96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.07.006.
  • 21. Roberts N, Barbosa S, Blumhardt CS, Kawoski RA, RHT. E. Stereological estimation of the total volume of MR visible brainlesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Magma 1994; 2 1-4.
  • 22. Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Wang G, Kokubu S, Minamino T, Takada J, et al. Reliability and validity of splenic volume measurement by 3-D ultrasound. Hepatol Res 2010; 40 (10): 979-988. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2010.00705.x.
  • 23. Roberts N, Cruz-Orive LM, Bourne M, Herfkens RJ, Karwoski RA, Whitehouse GH. Analysis of cardiac function by MRI and stereology. J Microsc 1997; 187 (Pt 1): 31-42.
  • 24. Konus OL, Ozdemir A, Akkaya A, Erbas G, Celik H, Isik S. Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171 (6): 1693-1698. doi: 10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843315.
  • 25. Acer N, Sofikerim M, Ertekin T, Unur E, Cay M, Ozturk F. Assessment of in vivo calculation with ultrasonography compared to physical sections in vitro: a stereological study of prostate volumes. Anat Sci Int 2011; 86 (2): 78-85. doi: 10.1007/s12565-010-0090-6.
  • 26. Muggli D, Muller MA, Karlo C, Fornaro J, Marincek B, Frauenfelder T. A simple method to approximate liver size on cross-sectional images using living liver models. Clin Radiol 2009; 64 (7): 682-689. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.02.013.
  • 27. Chouker A, Martignoni A, Dugas M, Eisenmenger W, Schauer R, Kaufmann I, et al. Estimation of liver size for liver transplantation: the impact of age and gender. Liver Transpl 2004; 10 (5): 678-685. doi: 10.1002/lt.20113.
  • 28. Yuan D, Lu T, Wei YG, Li B, Yan LN, Zeng Y, et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for liver transplantation in the Chinese population. Transplant Proc 2008; 40 (10): 3536-3540. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.135.
  • 29. Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Ijichi H, et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for Japanese adults. Transplant Proc 2008; 40 (5): 1456-1460. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.02.082.
  • 30. Urata K, Hashikura Y, Ikegami T, Terada M, Kawasaki S. Standard liver volume in adults. Transplant Proc 2000; 32 (7): 2093-2094.
  • 31. Jiranun W, Waneerat G, C. N. Physical and ultrasonographic estimation of liver size in healthy children under two years old. Asian Biomed 2011; 5 403-406.
  • 32. Soyupak SK, Narli N, Yapicioglu H, Satar M, Aksungur EH. Sonographic measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in the healthy term and preterm newborns. Eur J Radiol 2002; 43 (1): 73-78.
  • 33. Silva RM, Pereira RB, Siqueira MV. Correlation between clinical evaluation of liver size versus ultrasonography evaluation according to body mass index (BMI) and biotypes. Rev Med Chil 2010; 138 (12): 1495-1501. doi: /S0034-98872010001300004.
  • 34. Dittrich M, Milde S, Dinkel E, Baumann W, Weitzel D. Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 1983; 13 (4): 206-211.
  • 35. Rocha SMS, Ferrer APS, Oliveira IRS, Widman A, Chammas MC, LAN O. Sonographic determination of liver size in healthy newborns, infants and children under 7 years of age. Radiol Bras 2009; (42): 7-13.
  • 36. Dhingra B, Sharma S, Mishra D, Kumari R, Pandey RM, Aggarwal S. Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47 (6): 487-492.
  • 37. Huynh HT, Le-Trong N, Bao PT, Oto A, Suzuki K. Fully automated MR liver volumetry using watershed segmentation coupled with active contouring. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2017; 12 (2): 235-243. doi: 10.1007/s11548-016-1498-9.
  • 38. Le TN, Bao PT, Huynh HT. Fully automatic scheme for measuring liver volume in 3D MR images. Biomed Mater Eng 2015; 26 Suppl 1 S1361-1369. doi: 10.3233/BME-151434.
  • 39. Childs JT, Esterman AJ, Thoirs KA. Ultrasound measurements of the liver: an intra and inter-rater reliability study. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2014; 17 (3): 113-119. doi: 10.1002/j.2205-0140.2014.tb00026.x.

Yenidoğan kadavralarında karaciğer hacminin stereolojik olarak hesaplanması

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 223 - 231, 31.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.645040

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yenidoğan kadavralarına ait karaciğerler üzerinde, Ultrasonografi (USG), Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG), Arşimet prensibi ve dilimleme yöntemleri kullanarak, bu yöntemler arasındaki farklılıkların ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız 39.7 ± 1.5 hafta yaşları ve 2.220 ± 1.056 g ağırlıklı beş yenidoğan kadavradan oluşmuştur. Karaciğer hacmini hesaplamak için üç farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Arşimed prensibi ile ölçülen karaciğer hacmi (LV) 70.00 ± 49.96 cm3 idi. Metodlar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı.
Sonuç: MR ve USG görüntüleri, Cavalieri prensibi ile normal ve anormal karaciğer hacminin hesaplanmasında kolay, uygulanabilir ve tekrarlanabilir tahminler sağlar. Çalışmamızın önümüzdeki yıllarda yapılacak benzer çalışmalara referans olabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

References

  • 1. Henry Gray HVC. Gray's Anatomy of Human Body. China: Elsevier2008.
  • 2. Kayaalp C, Arda K, Oto A, Oran M. Liver volume measurement by spiral CT: an in vitro study. Clin Imaging 2002; 26 (2): 122-124.
  • 3. Acer N, Sahin B, Usanmaz M, Tatoglu H, Irmak Z. Comparison of point counting and planimetry methods for the assessment of cerebellar volume in human using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Surg Radiol Anat 2008; 30 (4): 335-339. doi: 10.1007/s00276-008-0330-9.
  • 4. Acer N, Ugurlu N, Uysal DD, Unur E, Turgut M, Camurdanoglu M. Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating volume of intracerebral ventricles using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Anat Sci Int 2010; 85 (3): 131-139. doi: 10.1007/s12565-009-0068-4.
  • 5. Ertekin T, Acer N, Turgut AT, Aycan K, Ozcelik O, Turgut M. Comparison of three methods for the estimation of the pituitary gland volume using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Pituitary 2011; 14 (1): 31-38. doi: 10.1007/s11102-010-0254-3.
  • 6. Sahin B, Emirzeoglu M, Uzun A, Incesu L, Bek Y, Bilgic S, et al. Unbiased estimation of the liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using magnetic resonance images. Eur J Radiol 2003; 47 (2): 164-170.
  • 7. Emirzeoglu M, Sahin B, Selcuk MB, Kaplan S. The effects of section thickness on the estimation of liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using computed tomography images. Eur J Radiol 2005; 56 (3): 391-397. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.04.008.
  • 8. Mazonakis M, Karampekios S, Damilakis J, Voloudaki A, Gourtsoyiannis N. Stereological estimation of total intracranial volume on CT images. Eur Radiol 2004; 14 (7): 1285-1290. doi: 10.1007/s00330-004-2253-0.
  • 9. Acer N, Cankaya MN, Isci O, Bas O, Camurdanoglu M, Turgut M. Estimation of cerebral surface area using vertical sectioning and magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Brain Res 2010; 1310 29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.017.
  • 10. Gunal MY, Ozansoy M, Kilic U, Keskin I, Ozdemir EM, Aslan I, et al. Role of erythropoietin and its receptor in the development of endometriosis in rats. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; doi: 10.4274/jtgga.2018.0039.
  • 11. Acer N, Sahin B, Ucar T, Usanmaz M. Unbiased estimation of the eyeball volume using the Cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20 (1): 233-237. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181843518.
  • 12. Doğan H.T BM, Karatağ O, Değirmenci H, Özkurt H. . Evaluation of liver, spleen and kidney sizes by ultrasonography in normal children between the ages of 0–14. Turk Journal Pediatr 2004; (47): 107-113.
  • 13. Roberts N, Puddephat MJ, McNulty V. The benefit of stereology for quantitative radiology. Br J Radiol 2000; 73 (871): 679-697. doi: 10.1259/bjr.73.871.11089458.
  • 14. Roberts N, Garden AS, Cruz-Orive LM, Whitehouse GH, Edwards RH. Estimation of fetal volume by magnetic resonance imaging and stereology. Br J Radiol 1994; 67 (803): 1067-1077. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-67-803-1067.
  • 15. Sahin B, Alper T, Kokcu A, Malatyalioglu E, Kosif R. Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 82 (1): 25-30.
  • 16. Marta García-Fiñana LMC-O. Improved variance prediction for systematic sampling on R. Statistics 2004; 38 (3): 243-272.
  • 17. Garcia-Finana M, Cruz-Orive LM, Mackay CE, Pakkenberg B, Roberts N. Comparison of MR imaging against physical sectioning to estimate the volume of human cerebral compartments. Neuroimage 2003; 18 (2): 505-516.
  • 18. Ronan L, Doherty CP, Delanty N, Thornton J, Fitzsimons M. Quantitative MRI: a reliable protocol for measurement of cerebral gyrification using stereology. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24 (3): 265-272. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2005.10.033.
  • 19. Lawrence Lin ASH, Bikas Sinha, and Min Yang Statistical Methods in Assessing Agreement: Models, Issues, and Tools. Journal of the American Statistical Association 2002; 97 (457): 257-270.
  • 20. Sahin B, Ergur H. Assessment of the optimum section thickness for the estimation of liver volume using magnetic resonance images: a stereological gold standard study. Eur J Radiol 2006; 57 (1): 96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.07.006.
  • 21. Roberts N, Barbosa S, Blumhardt CS, Kawoski RA, RHT. E. Stereological estimation of the total volume of MR visible brainlesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Magma 1994; 2 1-4.
  • 22. Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Wang G, Kokubu S, Minamino T, Takada J, et al. Reliability and validity of splenic volume measurement by 3-D ultrasound. Hepatol Res 2010; 40 (10): 979-988. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2010.00705.x.
  • 23. Roberts N, Cruz-Orive LM, Bourne M, Herfkens RJ, Karwoski RA, Whitehouse GH. Analysis of cardiac function by MRI and stereology. J Microsc 1997; 187 (Pt 1): 31-42.
  • 24. Konus OL, Ozdemir A, Akkaya A, Erbas G, Celik H, Isik S. Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171 (6): 1693-1698. doi: 10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843315.
  • 25. Acer N, Sofikerim M, Ertekin T, Unur E, Cay M, Ozturk F. Assessment of in vivo calculation with ultrasonography compared to physical sections in vitro: a stereological study of prostate volumes. Anat Sci Int 2011; 86 (2): 78-85. doi: 10.1007/s12565-010-0090-6.
  • 26. Muggli D, Muller MA, Karlo C, Fornaro J, Marincek B, Frauenfelder T. A simple method to approximate liver size on cross-sectional images using living liver models. Clin Radiol 2009; 64 (7): 682-689. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.02.013.
  • 27. Chouker A, Martignoni A, Dugas M, Eisenmenger W, Schauer R, Kaufmann I, et al. Estimation of liver size for liver transplantation: the impact of age and gender. Liver Transpl 2004; 10 (5): 678-685. doi: 10.1002/lt.20113.
  • 28. Yuan D, Lu T, Wei YG, Li B, Yan LN, Zeng Y, et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for liver transplantation in the Chinese population. Transplant Proc 2008; 40 (10): 3536-3540. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.135.
  • 29. Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Ijichi H, et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for Japanese adults. Transplant Proc 2008; 40 (5): 1456-1460. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.02.082.
  • 30. Urata K, Hashikura Y, Ikegami T, Terada M, Kawasaki S. Standard liver volume in adults. Transplant Proc 2000; 32 (7): 2093-2094.
  • 31. Jiranun W, Waneerat G, C. N. Physical and ultrasonographic estimation of liver size in healthy children under two years old. Asian Biomed 2011; 5 403-406.
  • 32. Soyupak SK, Narli N, Yapicioglu H, Satar M, Aksungur EH. Sonographic measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in the healthy term and preterm newborns. Eur J Radiol 2002; 43 (1): 73-78.
  • 33. Silva RM, Pereira RB, Siqueira MV. Correlation between clinical evaluation of liver size versus ultrasonography evaluation according to body mass index (BMI) and biotypes. Rev Med Chil 2010; 138 (12): 1495-1501. doi: /S0034-98872010001300004.
  • 34. Dittrich M, Milde S, Dinkel E, Baumann W, Weitzel D. Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 1983; 13 (4): 206-211.
  • 35. Rocha SMS, Ferrer APS, Oliveira IRS, Widman A, Chammas MC, LAN O. Sonographic determination of liver size in healthy newborns, infants and children under 7 years of age. Radiol Bras 2009; (42): 7-13.
  • 36. Dhingra B, Sharma S, Mishra D, Kumari R, Pandey RM, Aggarwal S. Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47 (6): 487-492.
  • 37. Huynh HT, Le-Trong N, Bao PT, Oto A, Suzuki K. Fully automated MR liver volumetry using watershed segmentation coupled with active contouring. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2017; 12 (2): 235-243. doi: 10.1007/s11548-016-1498-9.
  • 38. Le TN, Bao PT, Huynh HT. Fully automatic scheme for measuring liver volume in 3D MR images. Biomed Mater Eng 2015; 26 Suppl 1 S1361-1369. doi: 10.3233/BME-151434.
  • 39. Childs JT, Esterman AJ, Thoirs KA. Ultrasound measurements of the liver: an intra and inter-rater reliability study. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2014; 17 (3): 113-119. doi: 10.1002/j.2205-0140.2014.tb00026.x.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Anatomy
Journal Section Research
Authors

Seda Avnioglu 0000-0003-1719-4190

Erdoğan Unur 0000-0003-2033-4350

Niyazi Acer 0000-0002-4155-7759

Tolga Ertekin 0000-0003-1756-4366

Adem Doğaner 0000-0002-0270-9350

Publication Date March 31, 2020
Acceptance Date January 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Avnioglu, Seda et al. “Stereological Measurement of Liver Volume in Newborn Cadavers”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 45, no. 1, 2020, pp. 223-31, doi:10.17826/cumj.645040.