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Effects of new coronavirus pandemic in the framework of posttraumatic transformation: development of Coronavirus Effect Scale

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 1512 - 1534, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.737441

Abstract

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the transformations that occur during the Covid-19 pandemic trauma process experienced by individuals. In this context, it is aimed to determine the awareness level of the Turkish community about Covid-19, to obtain information about the ways individuals deal with the process, and to reveal the psychological, social and economic effects of the pandemic process on individuals.
Matherials and Methods: Within this study, the “Coronavirus Effect Scale” was developed and the scale, which was developed during the pandemic period, was applied to 2115 participants, who were selected to equally represent each region in Turkey.
Results: It was revealed that, during this coronavirus pandemic process that was discussed as a trauma, the participants had a high level of awareness about coronavirus, experienced difficulties in economic and psychological terms, attempted to cope with the process through positive thoughts and spiritual means, and improved their philosophies of life with an awareness on themselves.
Conclusion: Within the framework of the research, "Coronavirus Effect Scale" was developed. As a result of the application of the developed scale, it was observed that the pandemic process, which is being experienced, affects the individuals forming the Turkish society in psychological, social and economic dimensions. People experience changes and transformations with the traumatic process.

References

  • 1. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Situation summary, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html (Accessed April 2020) 2. WHO, 2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses (Accessed April 2020) 3. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020;323(13):1239-1242. 4. WHO, WHO Virtual press conference on COVID-19. March 11. 1-17, 2020, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-and-final-11mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=cb432bb3_2 (Accessed April 2020) 5. Qiu W, Rutherford S, Mao A, Chu C. The pandemic and its impacts. Health, Culture and Society, 2017;9:1-11. 6. Bootsma MCJ, Ferguson NM. The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in U.S. cities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007;104 (18):7588–7593. 7. Smith RD, Keogh-Brown MR, Barnett T, Tait J. The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: A computable general equilibrium modelling experiment. British Medical Journal, 2009;339(b457):1–7. 8. Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J, Heymann DL, Ihekweazu C, Kobinger G, Ungchusak K. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. The Lancet. 2020;1015-1018. 9. WHO, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72:1-13, 2020, (Accessed April 2020) 10. Wu JT, Riley S, Leung GM. Reducing the impact of the next influenza pandemic using household-based public health interventions. Hong Kong medical journal. 2009;15(9):38-41. 11. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Trauma and Transformation: Growing in The Aftermath of Suffering, Thousand Oaks, CA Sage, 1995. 12. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework. In Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth (Eds. LG Calhoun, RG Tedeschi): 1-23. London, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006. 13. APA (American Psychiatric Association. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği: Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, 4. Ed, (DSM-4) (Trans. E Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1994. 14. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician's Guide, Charlotte, Routledge, 1999. 15. Linley PA, Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of traumatic stress: official publication of the international society for traumatic stress studies, 2004;17(1):11-21. 16. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological inquiry, 2004;15(1):1-18. 17. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The posttraumatic growth ınventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1996;9(3):455-471. 18. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı-Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, 2020, COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi-Bilim Kurulu Çalışması. Ankara, https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf (AccessedApril 2020) 19. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2020, Türkiyedeki Güncel Durum, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (Accessed April 2020) 20. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, 2020, https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/haberler-yeni (Accessed April 2020) 21. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 81 İl Psikososyal Destek Hat Bilgileri, 2020, https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/destek-hat-bilgileri (Accessed April 2020) 22. Saleh F, Ryan C. Analysing service quality in the hospitality industry using the SERVQUAL model. Service Industries Journal, 1991;11(3):324-345. 23. Babakus E, Mangold WG. Adapting the SERVQUAL scale to hospital services: an empirical investigation. Health services research, 1992;26(6):767-786. 24. Rubio DM, Berg-Weger M, Tebb SS, Lee ES, Rauch S. Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Social work research, 2003;27(2):94-104. 25. Henson RK, Roberts JK. Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research: Common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psychological measurement, 2006;66(3):393-416.

Travma sonrası dönüşüm çerçevesinde yeni koronavirüs pandemisinin etkileri: Coronavirüs Etkisi Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 4, 1512 - 1534, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.737441

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde bulunan bireylerin yaşadıkları travma süreciyle gerçekleşen dönüşümleri tespit etmek amacıyla kurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada Türk toplumunun Covid-19’a ilişkin farkındalık seviyesinin belirlenmesi, bireylerin süreçle başa çıkma yollarına ilişkin bilgiler elde edilmesi ve pandemi sürecinin bireylerdeki psikolojik ve sosyal etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında “Koronavirüs Etkisi Ölçeği” geliştirilmiş ve pandemi süreci devam ederken geliştirilen ölçeğin çevrimiçi ortamda Türkiye’de bulunun her bölgeyi temsil eder nitelikte 2115 katılımcıya uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bir travma olarak ele alınan koronavirüs pandemisi süreci ile birlikte katılımcıların koronavirüse ilişkin farkındalık düzeylerinin yüksek seviyede bulunduğu, ekonomik ve psikolojik anlamda zorluklar yaşadıkları, pozitif düşünceler ve manevi yollarla süreçle başa çıkma yoluna gittikleri ve kendilerine ilişkin farkındalıklarıyla birlikte, yaşam felsefelerinde gelişim yaşadıkları ortaya konulmuştur.
Sonuç: Araştırma çerçevesinde "Coronavirus Etki Ölçeği" geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin uygulanması sonucunda yaşanmakta olan pandemi sürecinin Türk toplumunu oluşturan bireyleri psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarda etkilediği görülmüştür. Bireylerin travmatik süreçle birlikte değişim ve dönüşümler yaşadığı anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • 1. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Situation summary, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html (Accessed April 2020) 2. WHO, 2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses (Accessed April 2020) 3. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020;323(13):1239-1242. 4. WHO, WHO Virtual press conference on COVID-19. March 11. 1-17, 2020, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-and-final-11mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=cb432bb3_2 (Accessed April 2020) 5. Qiu W, Rutherford S, Mao A, Chu C. The pandemic and its impacts. Health, Culture and Society, 2017;9:1-11. 6. Bootsma MCJ, Ferguson NM. The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in U.S. cities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007;104 (18):7588–7593. 7. Smith RD, Keogh-Brown MR, Barnett T, Tait J. The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: A computable general equilibrium modelling experiment. British Medical Journal, 2009;339(b457):1–7. 8. Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J, Heymann DL, Ihekweazu C, Kobinger G, Ungchusak K. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. The Lancet. 2020;1015-1018. 9. WHO, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72:1-13, 2020, (Accessed April 2020) 10. Wu JT, Riley S, Leung GM. Reducing the impact of the next influenza pandemic using household-based public health interventions. Hong Kong medical journal. 2009;15(9):38-41. 11. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Trauma and Transformation: Growing in The Aftermath of Suffering, Thousand Oaks, CA Sage, 1995. 12. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework. In Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth (Eds. LG Calhoun, RG Tedeschi): 1-23. London, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006. 13. APA (American Psychiatric Association. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği: Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, 4. Ed, (DSM-4) (Trans. E Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1994. 14. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician's Guide, Charlotte, Routledge, 1999. 15. Linley PA, Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of traumatic stress: official publication of the international society for traumatic stress studies, 2004;17(1):11-21. 16. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological inquiry, 2004;15(1):1-18. 17. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The posttraumatic growth ınventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1996;9(3):455-471. 18. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı-Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, 2020, COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi-Bilim Kurulu Çalışması. Ankara, https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf (AccessedApril 2020) 19. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2020, Türkiyedeki Güncel Durum, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (Accessed April 2020) 20. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, 2020, https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/haberler-yeni (Accessed April 2020) 21. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 81 İl Psikososyal Destek Hat Bilgileri, 2020, https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/destek-hat-bilgileri (Accessed April 2020) 22. Saleh F, Ryan C. Analysing service quality in the hospitality industry using the SERVQUAL model. Service Industries Journal, 1991;11(3):324-345. 23. Babakus E, Mangold WG. Adapting the SERVQUAL scale to hospital services: an empirical investigation. Health services research, 1992;26(6):767-786. 24. Rubio DM, Berg-Weger M, Tebb SS, Lee ES, Rauch S. Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Social work research, 2003;27(2):94-104. 25. Henson RK, Roberts JK. Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research: Common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psychological measurement, 2006;66(3):393-416.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Research
Authors

Dilruba İzgüden 0000-0002-6938-8854

Ramazan Erdem 0000-0001-6951-3814

Publication Date December 27, 2020
Acceptance Date July 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 45 Issue: 4

Cite

MLA İzgüden, Dilruba and Ramazan Erdem. “Effects of New Coronavirus Pandemic in the Framework of Posttraumatic Transformation: Development of Coronavirus Effect Scale”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 45, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1512-34, doi:10.17826/cumj.737441.