Research Article
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Effects of anxiety and social support levels on the prenatal attachment of pregnant women with preeclampsia

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 889 - 896, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.894664

Abstract

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the effect of the social support and anxiety levels of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (PE) on prenatal attachment.
Materials and Methods: The study with a descriptive and case-control design was conducted on 313 pregnant women (PE=101, control=212). The data were collected by using the personal information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI-TAI), and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI).
Results: The scores of MSPSS in the PE group were found to be lower than in the control group while the SAI scores were found to be higher than in the control group. A positive significant relationship was found between the MSPSS total mean score and the PAI total mean score of the pregnant women in both the preeclampsia group and the control.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that preeclamptic pregnant women experience more anxiety and need more social support. It has also shown that social support is effective in increasing prenatal binding levels in both preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. It is therefore recommended for health care professionals to evaluate the anxiety, social support, and prenatal binding levels of pregnant women at risk and especially those being followed-up at the clinic during the antenatal follow-ups.

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Universitesi

Project Number

TYL-2015-5357.

References

  • 1. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13:291-310.
  • 2. Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel JP, et al. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the world health organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health. BJOG. 2014;121(Suppl) 1:14-24.
  • 3. Rana S, Lemoine E, Granger JP, Karumanchi SA. Compendium on the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension: preeclampsia pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ Res. 2019;124:1094-112.
  • 4. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams obstetrics. 25th ed. United States of America, McGraw Hill Medical Books, 2018.
  • 5. Mommersteeg PMC, Drost JT, Ottervanger JP, Maas AHEM. Long-term follow-up of psychosocial distress after early onset preeclampsia: The preeclampsia risk evaluation in females cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:101-9.
  • 6. Ding X-X, Wu Y-L, Xu S-J, Zhu R-P, Jia X-M, Zhang S-F, et al. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:103-10.
  • 7. Field T. Prenatal anxiety effects: A review. Infant Behav Dev. 2017;49:120-8.
  • 8. Racine N, Plamondon A, Hentges R, Tough S, Madigan S. Dynamic and bidirectional associations between maternal stress, anxiety, and social support: The critical role of partner and family support. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:19-24; doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.083 (in press).
  • 9. Gul B, Riaz MA, Batool N, Yasmin H, Riaz MN. Social support and health related quality of life among pregnant women. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68:872-5.
  • 10. Maddahi MS, Dolatian M, Khoramabadi M, Talebi A. Correlation of maternal-fetal attachment and health practices during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes. Electron Physician. 2016;8:2639-44.
  • 11. McNamara J, Townsend ML, Herbert JS. A systemic review of maternal wellbeing and its relationship with maternal fetal attachment and early postpartum bonding. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0220032.
  • 12. Hopkins J, Miller JL, Butler K, Laura Hedrick LG, Boyle DA. The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2018;1-12.
  • 13. Salehi K, Kohan S. Maternal-fetal attachment: What we know and what we need to know. Int J Pregn & Chi Birth. 2017;2:146-8.
  • 14. Rossen L, Hutchinson D, Wilson J, Burns L, Olsson CA, Allsop S, et al. Predictors of postnatal mother-infant bonding: the role of antenatal bonding, maternal substance use and mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19:609–22.
  • 15. Rodrigues PB, Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Sougey EB. Special features of high-risk pregnancies as factors in development of mental distress: A review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2016;38:136-40.
  • 16. Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Tzialla C, Orcesi S, Spinillo A, Politi P, et al. Complexity of parental prenatal attachment during pregnancy at risk for preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;Early Online:1-6.
  • 17. Öztürk Can H, Kirlek F. Perinatoloji ve Bakım. In Postpartum Dönem (Eds Ü Sevil, G Ertem):409-97. Ankara, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2016.
  • 18. Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Tzialla C, Orcesi S, Spinillo A, Politi P, et al. Risk and Protective Factors in Maternal–Fetal Attachment Development. Early Hum Dev. 2014; 45-46.
  • 19. Noha MMH, Fawzia MAE. Predictors of maternal fetal attachment among pregnant women. IOSR-JNHS 2017; 6:95-106.
  • 20. Eker D, Arkar H. Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği’nin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1995;10(34):45-55. (Turkish)
  • 21. Öner N, Le Compte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. 2nd ed. Istanbul, Boğaziçi Publications, 1985.
  • 22. Dereli Yılmaz S, Kızılkaya Beji N. Prenatal bağlanma envanterinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;16:103-9. (Turkish)
  • 23. Sarmasti N, Ayoubi SH, Mahmoudi G, Heydarpour S. Comparing perceived social support and perceived stress in healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2019;29:369-76.
  • 24. Javid FM, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Majd HA. Comparison of lifestyles of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7:162-9.
  • 25. Palma E, Armijo I, Cifuentes J, Ambiado S, Rochet P, Díaz B, et al. Hospitalisation in high-risk pregnancy patients: Is prenatal attachment affected? J Reprod Infant Psychol. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2020.174066 (in press).
  • 26. Günay P. Gebe kadınlarda prenatal bağlanma düzeyi ile ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, Haliç Üniversitesi, 2015.
  • 27. Özgen D. Sağlıklı ve riskli gebelerde prenatal bağlanma (Yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya, Sakarya Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • 28. Kucharska M. Selected predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnancies with congenital disorders, other complications, and in healthy pregnancies. Health Psychology Report. 2020; 1-14.
  • 29. Metin A, Pasinlioğlu T. Gebelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile prenatal bağlanma arasındaki ilişki. JACSD. 2016; 5:49-64. (Turkish)
  • 30. Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S, Aslantekin F. Riskli gebeliklerde prenatal bağlanma ve sosyal destek. Türkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2016; 1-7. (Turkish)
  • 31. Roberts LM, Davis GK, Homer CSE. Pregnancy with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia: A qualitative exploration of women's experiences. Midwifery. 2017; 17-23.

Preeklampsi tanısı alan gebelerin sosyal destek ve anksiyete düzeylerinin prenatal bağlanmaya etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 889 - 896, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.894664

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, preeklampsi (PE) tanısı alan gebelerin sosyal destek ve anksiyete düzeylerinin prenatal bağlanmaya etkisini belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve vaka-kontrol tasarımlı çalışma 313 gebeyle (PE= 101, kontrol= 212) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, kişisel bilgi formu, “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (MSPSS)”, “Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (SAI-TAI)” ve “Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri (PAI)” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: PE grubundaki gebelerin MSPSS puanları kontrol grubundaki gebelere kıyasla düşük bulunurken, SAI puanının ise yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Hem preeklampsi hem de kontrol grubundaki gebelerin MSPSS toplam puan ortalaması ile PAI toplam puan ortalaması arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, preeklamptik gebelerin daha yüksek düzeyde anksiyete yaşadığını ve daha fazla sosyal desteğe ihtiyacının olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca hem preeklamptik hem de sağlıklı gebelerin prenatal bağlanma düzeylerinin artırılmasında sosyal desteğin etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, sağlık profesyonellerinin özellikle klinikte takip edilen riskli gebelerin ve antenatal takiplerde sağlıklı gebelerin anksiyete, sosyal destek ve prenatal bağlanma düzeylerini önerilmektedir.

Project Number

TYL-2015-5357.

References

  • 1. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13:291-310.
  • 2. Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel JP, et al. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the world health organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health. BJOG. 2014;121(Suppl) 1:14-24.
  • 3. Rana S, Lemoine E, Granger JP, Karumanchi SA. Compendium on the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension: preeclampsia pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ Res. 2019;124:1094-112.
  • 4. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams obstetrics. 25th ed. United States of America, McGraw Hill Medical Books, 2018.
  • 5. Mommersteeg PMC, Drost JT, Ottervanger JP, Maas AHEM. Long-term follow-up of psychosocial distress after early onset preeclampsia: The preeclampsia risk evaluation in females cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:101-9.
  • 6. Ding X-X, Wu Y-L, Xu S-J, Zhu R-P, Jia X-M, Zhang S-F, et al. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:103-10.
  • 7. Field T. Prenatal anxiety effects: A review. Infant Behav Dev. 2017;49:120-8.
  • 8. Racine N, Plamondon A, Hentges R, Tough S, Madigan S. Dynamic and bidirectional associations between maternal stress, anxiety, and social support: The critical role of partner and family support. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:19-24; doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.083 (in press).
  • 9. Gul B, Riaz MA, Batool N, Yasmin H, Riaz MN. Social support and health related quality of life among pregnant women. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68:872-5.
  • 10. Maddahi MS, Dolatian M, Khoramabadi M, Talebi A. Correlation of maternal-fetal attachment and health practices during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes. Electron Physician. 2016;8:2639-44.
  • 11. McNamara J, Townsend ML, Herbert JS. A systemic review of maternal wellbeing and its relationship with maternal fetal attachment and early postpartum bonding. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0220032.
  • 12. Hopkins J, Miller JL, Butler K, Laura Hedrick LG, Boyle DA. The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2018;1-12.
  • 13. Salehi K, Kohan S. Maternal-fetal attachment: What we know and what we need to know. Int J Pregn & Chi Birth. 2017;2:146-8.
  • 14. Rossen L, Hutchinson D, Wilson J, Burns L, Olsson CA, Allsop S, et al. Predictors of postnatal mother-infant bonding: the role of antenatal bonding, maternal substance use and mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19:609–22.
  • 15. Rodrigues PB, Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Sougey EB. Special features of high-risk pregnancies as factors in development of mental distress: A review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2016;38:136-40.
  • 16. Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Tzialla C, Orcesi S, Spinillo A, Politi P, et al. Complexity of parental prenatal attachment during pregnancy at risk for preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;Early Online:1-6.
  • 17. Öztürk Can H, Kirlek F. Perinatoloji ve Bakım. In Postpartum Dönem (Eds Ü Sevil, G Ertem):409-97. Ankara, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2016.
  • 18. Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Tzialla C, Orcesi S, Spinillo A, Politi P, et al. Risk and Protective Factors in Maternal–Fetal Attachment Development. Early Hum Dev. 2014; 45-46.
  • 19. Noha MMH, Fawzia MAE. Predictors of maternal fetal attachment among pregnant women. IOSR-JNHS 2017; 6:95-106.
  • 20. Eker D, Arkar H. Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği’nin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1995;10(34):45-55. (Turkish)
  • 21. Öner N, Le Compte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. 2nd ed. Istanbul, Boğaziçi Publications, 1985.
  • 22. Dereli Yılmaz S, Kızılkaya Beji N. Prenatal bağlanma envanterinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;16:103-9. (Turkish)
  • 23. Sarmasti N, Ayoubi SH, Mahmoudi G, Heydarpour S. Comparing perceived social support and perceived stress in healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2019;29:369-76.
  • 24. Javid FM, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Majd HA. Comparison of lifestyles of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7:162-9.
  • 25. Palma E, Armijo I, Cifuentes J, Ambiado S, Rochet P, Díaz B, et al. Hospitalisation in high-risk pregnancy patients: Is prenatal attachment affected? J Reprod Infant Psychol. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2020.174066 (in press).
  • 26. Günay P. Gebe kadınlarda prenatal bağlanma düzeyi ile ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, Haliç Üniversitesi, 2015.
  • 27. Özgen D. Sağlıklı ve riskli gebelerde prenatal bağlanma (Yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya, Sakarya Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • 28. Kucharska M. Selected predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnancies with congenital disorders, other complications, and in healthy pregnancies. Health Psychology Report. 2020; 1-14.
  • 29. Metin A, Pasinlioğlu T. Gebelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile prenatal bağlanma arasındaki ilişki. JACSD. 2016; 5:49-64. (Turkish)
  • 30. Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S, Aslantekin F. Riskli gebeliklerde prenatal bağlanma ve sosyal destek. Türkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2016; 1-7. (Turkish)
  • 31. Roberts LM, Davis GK, Homer CSE. Pregnancy with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia: A qualitative exploration of women's experiences. Midwifery. 2017; 17-23.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Pınar Kara 0000-0001-6710-6713

Evşen Nazik 0000-0001-5464-4467

Project Number TYL-2015-5357.
Publication Date September 30, 2021
Acceptance Date May 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 46 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Kara, Pınar and Evşen Nazik. “Effects of Anxiety and Social Support Levels on the Prenatal Attachment of Pregnant Women With Preeclampsia”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, 2021, pp. 889-96, doi:10.17826/cumj.894664.