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Bilişsel kaçınma ve sigara bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkide üstbilişlerin aracı rolü: bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 4, 1640 - 1649, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.976394

Abstract

Amaç: Tüm dünyada önemli bir toplum sağlığı sorunu olan sigara kullanımı ya da bırakmada bilişsel süreçlerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu araştırma, sigarayı bırakmak isteyen bireylerde bilişsel kaçınma ile sigara bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkide sigaraya ilişkin üstbilişin aracı rolünü belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan ve veri toplama formlarını eksiksiz dolduran 294 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve korelasyon analizi için Spearman korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Bilişsel kaçınma, nikotin bağımlılığı ve sigaraya ilişkin üstbilişin birbirleri üzerindeki etkileri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza katılan gönüllülerin %61.9’u erkek ve yaş ortalamaları 33.17±10.62’dir. Verilerin modeli desteklediği ve uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir olduğu saptanmıştır (CMIN/DF=2.02, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.90, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.059). Sigarayı bırakmak isteyen bireylerde bilişsel kaçınma ve üstbilişsel inançların nikotin bağımlılığını etkilediği, bilişsel kaçınma ile nikotin bağımlılığı arasındaki etkileşimde sigaraya ilişkin üstbilişsel süreçlerin aracı rol oynadığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Sigara bırakma programlarında bilişsel süreçlerin yanı sıra sigara ile ilgili üstbilişsel süreçlerin de yer almasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • 1. WHO Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic. 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255874/9789241512824-eng.pdf;jsessionid=309277A3EE364EE48D01207054608782?sequence=1, (accessed May 2021).
  • 2. Karlıkaya C, Öztuna F, Solak ZA, Özkan M, Örsel O. Tütün kontrolü. Toraks Derg. 2006;7(1): 51-64.
  • 3. Ergüder T. Tütün Kullanımı ve Önleme Programı. (Ed Aslan D). (In) Halk sağlığı ile ilgili güncel sorunlar ve yaklaşımlar: 22-5. Ankara, Grafiker Matbaası, 2009.
  • 4. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2015/en/index.html (accessed May 2021).
  • 5. WHO World Health Statistics. 2019. https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/en/ (accessed May 2021).
  • 6. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları. 2019. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095 (accessed May 2021).
  • 7. Robinson CD, Muench C, Brede E. Effect of attentional retraining on cognition, craving, and smoking in African American smokers. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017;31(5):636-46.
  • 8. Yörük P, Tosun A. Metacognitive model of obsessive compulsive disorder. Current Approaches in Psych. 2015;7(2):190-207.
  • 9. Wells A. Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York, Guilford Press. 2011.
  • 10. Spada MM, Wells A. Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour. Pers Individ Dif. 2010;49:425-9.
  • 11. Wells A. Advances in metacognitive therapy. Int J Cogn Ther. 2013;6:186-201.
  • 12. Spada MM, Giustina L, Rolandi S, Fernie BA, Caselli G. Profiling metacognition in gambling disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2015;43(5):614-22.
  • 13. Fırıncık S, Gürhan N. Sigara, alkol ya da madde bağımlılarında problem çözme becerisinin; özkıyım, depresyon, umutsuzluk üzerine etkisi ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri. J Psych Nurs. 2019;10(1):39-47.
  • 14. Spada MM, Nikčević AV, Moneta GB, Wells A. Metacognition as a mediator of the relationship between emotion and smoking dependence. Addict Behav. 2007;32(10): 2120-9.
  • 15. Nikčević AV, Spada MM. Metacognitions across the continuum of smoking dependence. Behav Cogn Psychoth. 2008;36(3):333-9.
  • 16. Nosen E, Woody SR. Acceptance of cravings: how smoking cessation experiences affect craving beliefs. Behav Res Ther. 2014;59:71-81.
  • 17. Nikčević AV, Caselli G, Wells A, Spada MM. The metacognitions about smoking questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Addict. Behav. 2015;44:102-7.
  • 18. Alma L, Spada MM, Fernie BA, Yilmaz-Samanci AE, Caselli G, Nikčević AV. Metacognitions in smoking: Evidence from a cross-cultural validation of the meta cognitions about smoking questionnaire in a Turkish sample. Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:160-8.
  • 19. Spada MM, Caselli G, Nikčević AV, Wells A. Metacognition in addictive behaviors. Addict Behav. 2015;44:9-15.
  • 20. Hong JS, Kim SM, Jung HY, Kang KD, Min KJ, Han DH. Cognitive avoidance and aversive cues related to tobacco in male smokers. Addict Behav. 2017;73:158-64.
  • 21. Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther. 1986;24(4):461-70.
  • 22. Sagui-Henson SJ. Cognitive avoidance. Shackelford T. (eds) In: Zeigler-Hill V, Encyc Pers Ind Diff. Springer, Cham. 2017.
  • 23. Bricker JB, Bush T, Zbikowski SM, Mercer LD, Heffner JL. (2014). Randomized trial of telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(11):1446-54.
  • 24. Minami H, Bloom EL, Reed KM, Hayes SC, Brown RA. “The moderating role of experiential avoidance in the relationships between internal distress and smoking behavior during a quit attempt. Psychol Addict Behav. 2015;29(2):400-7.
  • 25. Waltz CF, Strcikland OL, Lenz ER. Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2010;176-8.
  • 26. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz. (Keşfedici Faktör Analizi ve Güvenirlilik Analiz.) Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2018;322-5.
  • 27. Uysal AM, Kadakal F, Karşıdağ Ç, Bayram GN, Uysal Ö, Yılmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Derg. 2004;52(2):115-21.
  • 28. Gosselin P, Langlois F, Freeston MH, Ladouceur R, Dugas MJ, Pelletier O. (2002). Le Questionnaired’ Evitement Cognitif (QEC) : Développement et validation auprèsd’adulte et d’adolescents. Journal de Thérapie Comportemental et Cogn. 2002;12:24-37.
  • 29. Akyay A, Kesebir S. Validity and reliability study fort he Turkish adaptation of the worry and anxiety questionnaire, negative problem orientation questionnaire and cognitive avoidance questionnaire (Master Thesis).Üsküdar University, Social Sciences Institute, İstanbul. 2016.
  • 30. Kline BR. Principles and practice of structural modeling (3rd ed.). New York-London: The Guilford Press. 2011.
  • 31. Campos MW, Serebresky D, Castaldelli-Maja JM. Smoking and cognition. Current Drug Abuse Rev. 2016;9(2):76-9.
  • 32. Güleç G, Akarsu Ö, Şahin MF, Eşsizoğlu A, Köşger F, Sezer E, et al. The effect of chronic cigarette use on cognitive function. Turk J Psych. 2018;29(3);154-61.
  • 33. Stanisławski K. The coping circumplex model: Aniıntegrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Front. Psychol. 2019;10:694.
  • 34. Siegel M, Adlmann EM, Gittler G, Pietschnig J. Bite the stress away? Nail biting and smoking predict maladaptive stress coping strategies. J Indi Diff. 2020;41:53-60.
  • 35. Aloi M, Verrastro V, Rania M, Sacco R, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S, et al. The potential role of the early maladaptive schema in behavioral addictions among late adolescents and young adults. Front Psych. 2020;21(10):3022.
  • 36. Kuru E. The role of metacognitive beliefs and schemas in social anxiety disorder. Clin Psychoph Bull. 2019;S1(29):62..
  • 37. Wells A. Emotional disorders and metacognition: Innovative cognitive therapy. New York, NY, US: John Wiley&Sons Ltd. 2000.

Mediating role of metacognitions in the relationship between cognitive avoidance and smoking addiction: a structural equation modeling

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 4, 1640 - 1649, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.976394

Abstract

Purpose: Cognitive processes have an important place in starting or quitting smoking, which is an important public health problem all over the world. The present study was conducted to determine the mediator role of metacognition about smoking in the relation between cognitive avoidance and nicotine addiction in individuals who want to quit smoking.
Materials and Methods: The study was completed with a total of 294 people who volunteered to participate in the study and who filled the data collection forms. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics and the Spearman Correlation Test was used for correlation analysis. The effects of cognitive avoidance, nicotine addiction, and metacognition about smoking on each other was examined with structural equality modelling.
Results: A total of 61.9% of the volunteers who participated in our study were male, and the mean age was 33.17±10.62. The data were found to support the model, and the goodness of fit indices were acceptable (CMIN/DF=2.02, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.90, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.059). Cognitive avoidance and metacognitive beliefs affect nicotine addiction in individuals who want to quit smoking, and metacognitive processes about smoking played mediator roles in the interaction between cognitive avoidance and nicotine addiction.
Conclusion: It will be useful to include cognitive processes as well as metacognitive processes about smoking in smoking cessation programs.

References

  • 1. WHO Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic. 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255874/9789241512824-eng.pdf;jsessionid=309277A3EE364EE48D01207054608782?sequence=1, (accessed May 2021).
  • 2. Karlıkaya C, Öztuna F, Solak ZA, Özkan M, Örsel O. Tütün kontrolü. Toraks Derg. 2006;7(1): 51-64.
  • 3. Ergüder T. Tütün Kullanımı ve Önleme Programı. (Ed Aslan D). (In) Halk sağlığı ile ilgili güncel sorunlar ve yaklaşımlar: 22-5. Ankara, Grafiker Matbaası, 2009.
  • 4. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2015/en/index.html (accessed May 2021).
  • 5. WHO World Health Statistics. 2019. https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/en/ (accessed May 2021).
  • 6. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları. 2019. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095 (accessed May 2021).
  • 7. Robinson CD, Muench C, Brede E. Effect of attentional retraining on cognition, craving, and smoking in African American smokers. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017;31(5):636-46.
  • 8. Yörük P, Tosun A. Metacognitive model of obsessive compulsive disorder. Current Approaches in Psych. 2015;7(2):190-207.
  • 9. Wells A. Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York, Guilford Press. 2011.
  • 10. Spada MM, Wells A. Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour. Pers Individ Dif. 2010;49:425-9.
  • 11. Wells A. Advances in metacognitive therapy. Int J Cogn Ther. 2013;6:186-201.
  • 12. Spada MM, Giustina L, Rolandi S, Fernie BA, Caselli G. Profiling metacognition in gambling disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2015;43(5):614-22.
  • 13. Fırıncık S, Gürhan N. Sigara, alkol ya da madde bağımlılarında problem çözme becerisinin; özkıyım, depresyon, umutsuzluk üzerine etkisi ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri. J Psych Nurs. 2019;10(1):39-47.
  • 14. Spada MM, Nikčević AV, Moneta GB, Wells A. Metacognition as a mediator of the relationship between emotion and smoking dependence. Addict Behav. 2007;32(10): 2120-9.
  • 15. Nikčević AV, Spada MM. Metacognitions across the continuum of smoking dependence. Behav Cogn Psychoth. 2008;36(3):333-9.
  • 16. Nosen E, Woody SR. Acceptance of cravings: how smoking cessation experiences affect craving beliefs. Behav Res Ther. 2014;59:71-81.
  • 17. Nikčević AV, Caselli G, Wells A, Spada MM. The metacognitions about smoking questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Addict. Behav. 2015;44:102-7.
  • 18. Alma L, Spada MM, Fernie BA, Yilmaz-Samanci AE, Caselli G, Nikčević AV. Metacognitions in smoking: Evidence from a cross-cultural validation of the meta cognitions about smoking questionnaire in a Turkish sample. Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:160-8.
  • 19. Spada MM, Caselli G, Nikčević AV, Wells A. Metacognition in addictive behaviors. Addict Behav. 2015;44:9-15.
  • 20. Hong JS, Kim SM, Jung HY, Kang KD, Min KJ, Han DH. Cognitive avoidance and aversive cues related to tobacco in male smokers. Addict Behav. 2017;73:158-64.
  • 21. Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther. 1986;24(4):461-70.
  • 22. Sagui-Henson SJ. Cognitive avoidance. Shackelford T. (eds) In: Zeigler-Hill V, Encyc Pers Ind Diff. Springer, Cham. 2017.
  • 23. Bricker JB, Bush T, Zbikowski SM, Mercer LD, Heffner JL. (2014). Randomized trial of telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(11):1446-54.
  • 24. Minami H, Bloom EL, Reed KM, Hayes SC, Brown RA. “The moderating role of experiential avoidance in the relationships between internal distress and smoking behavior during a quit attempt. Psychol Addict Behav. 2015;29(2):400-7.
  • 25. Waltz CF, Strcikland OL, Lenz ER. Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2010;176-8.
  • 26. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz. (Keşfedici Faktör Analizi ve Güvenirlilik Analiz.) Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2018;322-5.
  • 27. Uysal AM, Kadakal F, Karşıdağ Ç, Bayram GN, Uysal Ö, Yılmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Derg. 2004;52(2):115-21.
  • 28. Gosselin P, Langlois F, Freeston MH, Ladouceur R, Dugas MJ, Pelletier O. (2002). Le Questionnaired’ Evitement Cognitif (QEC) : Développement et validation auprèsd’adulte et d’adolescents. Journal de Thérapie Comportemental et Cogn. 2002;12:24-37.
  • 29. Akyay A, Kesebir S. Validity and reliability study fort he Turkish adaptation of the worry and anxiety questionnaire, negative problem orientation questionnaire and cognitive avoidance questionnaire (Master Thesis).Üsküdar University, Social Sciences Institute, İstanbul. 2016.
  • 30. Kline BR. Principles and practice of structural modeling (3rd ed.). New York-London: The Guilford Press. 2011.
  • 31. Campos MW, Serebresky D, Castaldelli-Maja JM. Smoking and cognition. Current Drug Abuse Rev. 2016;9(2):76-9.
  • 32. Güleç G, Akarsu Ö, Şahin MF, Eşsizoğlu A, Köşger F, Sezer E, et al. The effect of chronic cigarette use on cognitive function. Turk J Psych. 2018;29(3);154-61.
  • 33. Stanisławski K. The coping circumplex model: Aniıntegrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Front. Psychol. 2019;10:694.
  • 34. Siegel M, Adlmann EM, Gittler G, Pietschnig J. Bite the stress away? Nail biting and smoking predict maladaptive stress coping strategies. J Indi Diff. 2020;41:53-60.
  • 35. Aloi M, Verrastro V, Rania M, Sacco R, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S, et al. The potential role of the early maladaptive schema in behavioral addictions among late adolescents and young adults. Front Psych. 2020;21(10):3022.
  • 36. Kuru E. The role of metacognitive beliefs and schemas in social anxiety disorder. Clin Psychoph Bull. 2019;S1(29):62..
  • 37. Wells A. Emotional disorders and metacognition: Innovative cognitive therapy. New York, NY, US: John Wiley&Sons Ltd. 2000.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Mahmut Evli 0000-0002-5113-7619

Nuray Şimşek 0000-0003-2325-791X

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Acceptance Date October 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 46 Issue: 4

Cite

MLA Evli, Mahmut and Nuray Şimşek. “Mediating Role of Metacognitions in the Relationship Between Cognitive Avoidance and Smoking Addiction: A Structural Equation Modeling”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 46, no. 4, 2021, pp. 1640-9, doi:10.17826/cumj.976394.