An age-related investigation of audio-vestibular symptoms in individuals with Covid-19 positive

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 4, 1537 - 1547, 30.12.2021

Bünyamin Çıldır

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.987374

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of audio-vestibular complaints by COVID-19 patients during the disease period and to evaluate the symptoms they encountered during the disease process in accordance with age and gender.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 1437 patients (738 M, 699 F) with a positive PCR test, aged 18–80 years, between 15 June 2020 and 10 February 2021. The patients were divided into five groups according to age. 1437 patients were questioned about their complaints on the second day of the disease, but only 656 of 1437 patients were questioned on the fourteenth day of the disease. Finally, 1437 patients were called again for the third time in the third month of the disease, but only 340 of these patients could be reached.
Results: Of the 1437 patients, 524 (36.5%) had more frequent audio-vestibular complaints than common complaints. During the 14-day disease period, dizziness or vertigo (3.4% to 19.4%), tinnitus (1.02% to 19.4%), pressure in the ears (1.1% to 5.6%), difficulty understanding speech in noise (0.13% to 26%), decreased sound tolerance (0.13% to 6.4%), speech difficulties (0.13% to 5%), and earache (1.4% to 7.8%) reportedly increased compared with the first day of the disease. Fifty-two (15.3%) of 340 patients reported that they lost their sense of taste, 90 (26.4%) lost their sense of smell, and 14 (4.11%) reported intermittent vertigo in the third month of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: Symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, hoarseness, swallowing difficulty, fever, and decreased sound tolerance can often be seen in the later days of COVID-19 disease.

Keywords

Tinnitus, vertigo, coronavirus, COVID-19, speech and swallowing disorder

Covid-19 pozitif bireylerde yaşla ilgili odyo-vestibüler belirtilerin oranı

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 tanısı alan hastaların hastalık döneminde karşılaştıkları odyo-vestibüler şikayet oranlarını belirlemek ve bu hastaların yaş ve cinsiyet özelliklerine göre hastalık sürecinde karşılaştıkları semptomları değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, 15 Haziran 2020 ile 10 Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında, 18-80 yaşları arasında, PCR testi pozitif olan toplam 1437 hasta (738 E, 699 K) ile gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar yaşlarına göre beş gruba ayrıldı. 1437 hastanın şikayetleri hastalığın 2. gününde sorgulanırken, 1437 hastanın sadece 656'sı hastalığın 14. gününde ulaşıldı ve sorgulandı. Son olarak, hastalığın üçüncü ayında 1437 hasta üçüncü kez tekrar aranmış ancak bu hastalardan da sadece 340 'ına ulaşılabilmiştir.
Bulgular: 1437 hastanın 524 'ünde (% 36.5) yaygın şikayetlerden daha sık odyo-vestibüler şikayetler vardı. 14 günlük hastalık sürecinde, baş dönmesi veya vertigo (%3.4 - %19.4), kulak çınlaması (%1.02 -%19.4), kulaklarda basınç (%1.1 -%5.6), gürültüyü anlamada zorluk (%0.13 - %26), konuşmada güçlük (%0.13- %5) ve kulak ağrısı (%1.4 - %7.8) semptomlarında artış bildirilmiştir. Baş dönmesi 60 yaş üstü bireylerde daha yaygındı. Kovid-19 hastalığının üçüncü ayında, 340 hastanın 52'si (%15.3) tat alma alamadığını, 90'ı (%26.4) koku alamadığını ve 14'ü (%4.11) ise aralıklı olarak baş dönmesi veya dengesizlik şikayetinin olduğunu bildirdi.
Sonuç: Koronavirüs hastalığının ilerleyen günlerinde baş dönmesi, kulak çınlaması, ses kısıklığı, yutma güçlüğü, ateş ve azalan ses töleransı gibi belirtiler sıklıkla görülebilmektedir.

Keywords

Tinnitus, Baş dönmesi, Koronovirüs, Kovid 19, Konuşma ve yutma bozukluğu

References

• Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int. J. Surg. 2020;76:71-6.
• Guo Y-R, Cao Q-D, Hong Z-S, Tan Y-Y, Chen S-D, Jin H-J, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak–an update on the status. Mil. Med. Res. 2020;7:1-10.
• Xu X, Yu C, Qu J, Zhang L, Jiang S, Huang D, et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 2020;47:1275-80.
• Organization WH. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). 2020.
• Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. R.; Zhu, Y.; Li, B.; Huang, C. L, Chen H–D, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang R–D, Liu M–Q, Chen Y, Shen X–R, Wang X, Zheng X–S, Zhao K, Chen Q–J, Deng F, Liu L–L, Yan B, Zhan FX, Wang Y–Y, Xiao G–F, Shi Z–L A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Nature. 2020;579:270-3.
• Organization WH. Clinical management of COVID-19. 2020b.
• Vaira, L. A., Salzano, G., Deiana, G., & De Riu, G. Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID‐19 patients. The Laryngoscope 2020;130:1787-1787.
• Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019:1708-20.
• Elibol E. Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2020:1-4.
• MW ML. Neurological manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. China: a retrospective case series study 2020.
• Sun P, Qie S, Liu Z, Ren J, Li K, Xi J. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a single arm meta‐analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92:612-7.
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama 2020;323:1061-9.
• Çıldır B, Kılıç S, Ozkisi B, Tokgoz-Yilmaz S. The Turkish Short Version of the CSpeech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) for Clinical Use: Determining Reliability and Validity for People with and without Hearing Loss on the Basis of SSQ12-A, SSQ12-B, SSQ12-C. ENT Updates. 2021;11:127-133
• Çıldır B, Tokgöz-Yilmaz S, Sennaroğlu G. Spatial Hearing Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version and Correlations with Hearing Skills. Arch. Acoust. 2021;46:249–58.
• Aksoy S, Aslan F, Köse A. İşitme Engeli Ölçeği–Erişkin: Uzun Ve Tarama Formlarinin Türkçe Sürümünün Geçerliğinin Ve Güvenirliğinin İncelenmesi. KBB-Forum 2020;19:2
• Çınar BÇ, Şule K, Sjöstrand AP, Alpar R, Aksoy S. Vestibüler Bozukluklarda Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Fiz. Rehabil. 2017;28: 1-11.
• Doruk C, Çelik M, Kara H, Polat B, Güldiken Y, Orhan KS. Turkish translation and validation of chronic otitis media questionnaire-12. Turk. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;57:24.
• Cohen, Jacob. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N J. 1988:224-225
• Stephane Champely. pwr: Basic Functions for Power Analysis. R package version 1.3-0. (2020)
• R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2021.
• Hu B, Zeng L-P, Yang X-L, Ge X-Y, Zhang W, Li B, et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13: e1006698.
• Li W, Zhang C, Sui J, Kuhn JH, Moore MJ, Luo S, et al. Receptor and viral determinants of SARS‐coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2. The EMBO journal. 2005;24:1634-43.
• Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The lancet. 2020;395:507-13.
• Badawi A, Ryoo SG. Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;49:129-33.
• Law S, Leung AW, Xu C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): From causes to preventions in Hong Kong. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:156-63.
• Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:577-82.
• Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, et al. COVID‐19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. Intern Med J. 2020;288:192-206.
• Swain SK, Acharya S, Sahajan N. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations in COVID-19 infections: An early indicator for isolating the positive cases. Journal of the Scientific Society. 2020;47:63.
• Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277:2251-61.
• Goddard JC, Fayad JN. Vestibular neuritis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011;44:361-5.
• Choi JW, Han K, Nahm H, Shin JE, Kim C-H. Direction-changing positional nystagmus in acute otitis media complicated by serous labyrinthitis: new insights into positional nystagmus. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40:e393-e8.
• İslamoğlu Y, Ayhan M, Bercin S, Kalem AK, Kayaaslan B, Güner R. Evaluation of Middle Ear and Mastoid Cells of COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine. 2021;74:130-3.
• Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. Journal of Infection.2020;80:e14-e8.