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COVID-19 ile enfekte hastalarda koku ve tat disfonksiyonu prevalansı

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 861 - 869, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1093938

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 ile enfekte kişilerin hastaneye başvuru şekline ve olası risk faktörlerine göre koku ve tat alma disfonksiyonunu (KTD) değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak ve Eylül 2021 arasında COVID-19 tanısı konan toplam 200 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. İlk grupta; kliniği daha hafif seyreden, evde izole olan 100 hasta, ikinci grupta; kliniği daha ağır seyreden pandemi servisinde yatan 100 hasta bulunmaktaydı. Hastalar hastaneye başvuru sırasında koku ve tat fonksiyonları ve çeşitli klinik bilgileri hakkında veri formu doldurdu. Hastalardan ayrıca görsel analog skalası (GAS) kullanarak koku ve tat bozukluklarını derecelendirmeleri istendi.
Bulgular: Evde izole olarak takip edilen hastaların, %72’ si kadın olup, yaş ortalaması 39,6±13,2’dır. Pandemi servisinde takip edilen hastaların ise %50’ si kadın ve ortalama yaş 52.4±11,0. Tüm hastalarda en sık görülen semptom tat (%41) ve koku (45,5) kaybıydı. Kadın cinsiyette ve gençlerde KTD daha yüksek bulundu. Ayaktan hastalarda KTD daha sıktı. Tat ve koku VAS skorları ayakta takip edilen hastalarda daha düşüktü.
Sonuç: KTD; COVID-19 ile enfekte kişilerde çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla artmış inflamatuar yanıta bağlı oluşur. KTD, anahtar semptom ve tanı göstergesi olarak görülmeli ve sorgulanmalıdır. KTD sıklığının yaş gruplarında ve cinsiyete göre farklılıklar gösterebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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References

  • References 1. Guan, W-j, Z-y Ni, Y Hu, W-h Liang, C-q Ou, J-x He, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 2020. 382(18): p. 1708-20.
  • 2. Lechien, J R, C M Chiesa-Estomba, D R De Siati, M Horoi, S D Le Bon, A Rodriguez, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2020. 277(8): p. 2251-61.
  • 3. Vaira, L A, G Deiana, A G Fois, P Pirina, G Madeddu, A De Vito, et al. Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID‐19 patients: single‐center experience on 72 cases. Head & neck, 2020. 42(6): p. 1252-8.
  • 4. Gane, S B, C Kelly, and C Hopkins. Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome. Rhinology, 2020. 58(3): p. 299-301.
  • 5. Vaira, L A, G Salzano, G Deiana, and G De Riu. Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID‐19 patients. The Laryngoscope, 2020. 130(7): p. 1787.
  • 6. Xu, H, L Zhong, J Deng, J Peng, H Dan, X Zeng, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. International journal of oral science, 2020. 12(1): p. 1-5.
  • 7. Han, A Y, L Mukdad, J L Long, and I A Lopez. Anosmia in COVID-19: mechanisms and significance. Chemical senses, 2020. 45(6): p. 423-8.
  • 8. Milanetti, E, M Miotto, L Di Rienzo, M Nagaraj, M Monti, T W Golbek, et al. In-silico evidence for a two receptor based strategy of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. 8.
  • 9. Altin, F, C Cingi, T Uzun, and C Bal. Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2020. 277(10): p. 2775-81.
  • 10. Welge-Lüssen, A and M Wolfensberger. Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections. Taste and Smell, 2006. 63: p. 125-32.
  • 11. Whitcroft, K L and T Hummel. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: diagnosis and management. Jama, 2020. 323(24): p. 2512-4.
  • 12. Agyeman, A A, K L Chin, C B Landersdorfer, D Liew, and R Ofori-Asenso. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020. Elsevier.
  • 13. Moein, S T, S M Hashemian, B Mansourafshar, A Khorram‐Tousi, P Tabarsi, and R L Doty. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID‐19. in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley Online Library.
  • 14. Klopfenstein, T, N Kadiane-Oussou, L Toko, P-Y Royer, Q Lepiller, V Gendrin, et al. Features of anosmia in COVID-19. Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2020. 50(5): p. 436-9.
  • 15. Özçelik Korkmaz, M, O K Eğilmez, M A Özçelik, and M Güven. Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021. 278(5): p. 1675-85.
  • 16. Meini, S, L R Suardi, M Busoni, A T Roberts, and A Fortini. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 2020. 277(12): p. 3519-23.
  • 17. Yan, C H, F Faraji, D P Prajapati, B T Ostrander, and A S DeConde. Self‐reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID‐19. in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley Online Library.
  • 18. Al-Ani, R M and D Acharya. Prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID-19 at a primary health center, Doha, Qatar. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2020: p. 1-7.
  • 19. Lee, Y, P Min, S Lee, and S-W Kim. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Korean medical science, 2020. 35(18).
  • 20. Kavaz, E, E Tahir, H C Bilek, Ö Kemal, A Deveci, and E Aksakal Tanyel. Clinical significance of smell and taste dysfunction and other related factors in COVID-19. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021. 278(7): p. 2327-36.
  • 21. Hopkins, C, L A Vaira, and G De Riu. Self‐reported olfactory loss in COVID‐19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor? in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • 22. D’Ascanio, L, M Pandolfini, C Cingolani, G Latini, P Gradoni, M Capalbo, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: prevalence and prognosis for recovering sense of smell. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. 164(1): p. 82-6.
  • 23. Huang, C, Y Wang, X Li, L Ren, J Zhao, Y Hu, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 2020. 395(10223): p. 497-506.
  • 24. Wang, D, B Hu, C Hu, F Zhu, X Liu, J Zhang, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, 2020. 323(11): p. 1061-9.
  • 25. Vaira, L A, C Hopkins, G Salzano, M Petrocelli, A Melis, M Cucurullo, et al. Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID‐19 patients: Italian objective multicenter‐study. Head & neck, 2020. 42(7): p. 1560-9.

Prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients infected with COVID-19

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 861 - 869, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1093938

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGDs) in COVID-19 patients according to hospital admission type and possible risk factors for OGD.
Materials and Methods: This study included 200 adult patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 2021 and September 2021. Patients were separated into two groups. The first group comprised 100 patients who applied to pandemic outpatient clinics with a milder course and were isolated at home. The second group comprised 100 patients with a more severe clinical course hospitalized in the pandemic ward. Patients completed a data form in which olfactory and gustatory functions and various clinical information were inquired about and rated their smell and taste dysfunction using a visual analog scale (VAS).
Results: In the ambulatory group, 72% of patients were female and the mean age was 39.6±13.2 years. In the admitted group, 50% of patients were female, and the mean age was 52.4±11.0 years. The most common symptoms in all patients were loss of taste (41%) and smell (45.5%). Females and younger individuals were significantly more likely to have OGD. OGD was more common in the ambulatory group. Smell/taste VAS scores were significantly lower in the ambulatory group.
Conclusion: OGD is associated with various mechanisms depending on the increased inflammatory response in the early stages of COVID-19. OGD appears to be the key symptom and diagnostic indicator and should be inquired about. It should be kept in mind that the frequency of OGD may differ according to age and gender.

Project Number

yok.

References

  • References 1. Guan, W-j, Z-y Ni, Y Hu, W-h Liang, C-q Ou, J-x He, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 2020. 382(18): p. 1708-20.
  • 2. Lechien, J R, C M Chiesa-Estomba, D R De Siati, M Horoi, S D Le Bon, A Rodriguez, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2020. 277(8): p. 2251-61.
  • 3. Vaira, L A, G Deiana, A G Fois, P Pirina, G Madeddu, A De Vito, et al. Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID‐19 patients: single‐center experience on 72 cases. Head & neck, 2020. 42(6): p. 1252-8.
  • 4. Gane, S B, C Kelly, and C Hopkins. Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome. Rhinology, 2020. 58(3): p. 299-301.
  • 5. Vaira, L A, G Salzano, G Deiana, and G De Riu. Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID‐19 patients. The Laryngoscope, 2020. 130(7): p. 1787.
  • 6. Xu, H, L Zhong, J Deng, J Peng, H Dan, X Zeng, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. International journal of oral science, 2020. 12(1): p. 1-5.
  • 7. Han, A Y, L Mukdad, J L Long, and I A Lopez. Anosmia in COVID-19: mechanisms and significance. Chemical senses, 2020. 45(6): p. 423-8.
  • 8. Milanetti, E, M Miotto, L Di Rienzo, M Nagaraj, M Monti, T W Golbek, et al. In-silico evidence for a two receptor based strategy of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. 8.
  • 9. Altin, F, C Cingi, T Uzun, and C Bal. Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2020. 277(10): p. 2775-81.
  • 10. Welge-Lüssen, A and M Wolfensberger. Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections. Taste and Smell, 2006. 63: p. 125-32.
  • 11. Whitcroft, K L and T Hummel. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: diagnosis and management. Jama, 2020. 323(24): p. 2512-4.
  • 12. Agyeman, A A, K L Chin, C B Landersdorfer, D Liew, and R Ofori-Asenso. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020. Elsevier.
  • 13. Moein, S T, S M Hashemian, B Mansourafshar, A Khorram‐Tousi, P Tabarsi, and R L Doty. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID‐19. in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley Online Library.
  • 14. Klopfenstein, T, N Kadiane-Oussou, L Toko, P-Y Royer, Q Lepiller, V Gendrin, et al. Features of anosmia in COVID-19. Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2020. 50(5): p. 436-9.
  • 15. Özçelik Korkmaz, M, O K Eğilmez, M A Özçelik, and M Güven. Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021. 278(5): p. 1675-85.
  • 16. Meini, S, L R Suardi, M Busoni, A T Roberts, and A Fortini. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 2020. 277(12): p. 3519-23.
  • 17. Yan, C H, F Faraji, D P Prajapati, B T Ostrander, and A S DeConde. Self‐reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID‐19. in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley Online Library.
  • 18. Al-Ani, R M and D Acharya. Prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID-19 at a primary health center, Doha, Qatar. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2020: p. 1-7.
  • 19. Lee, Y, P Min, S Lee, and S-W Kim. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Korean medical science, 2020. 35(18).
  • 20. Kavaz, E, E Tahir, H C Bilek, Ö Kemal, A Deveci, and E Aksakal Tanyel. Clinical significance of smell and taste dysfunction and other related factors in COVID-19. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2021. 278(7): p. 2327-36.
  • 21. Hopkins, C, L A Vaira, and G De Riu. Self‐reported olfactory loss in COVID‐19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor? in International forum of allergy & rhinology. 2020. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • 22. D’Ascanio, L, M Pandolfini, C Cingolani, G Latini, P Gradoni, M Capalbo, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: prevalence and prognosis for recovering sense of smell. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. 164(1): p. 82-6.
  • 23. Huang, C, Y Wang, X Li, L Ren, J Zhao, Y Hu, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 2020. 395(10223): p. 497-506.
  • 24. Wang, D, B Hu, C Hu, F Zhu, X Liu, J Zhang, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, 2020. 323(11): p. 1061-9.
  • 25. Vaira, L A, C Hopkins, G Salzano, M Petrocelli, A Melis, M Cucurullo, et al. Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID‐19 patients: Italian objective multicenter‐study. Head & neck, 2020. 42(7): p. 1560-9.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Nagehan Erdoğmuş Küçükcan 0000-0002-6856-4705

Akif Küçükcan This is me 0000-0003-3506-9131

Project Number yok.
Publication Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date May 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Erdoğmuş Küçükcan, Nagehan and Akif Küçükcan. “Prevalence of Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients Infected With COVID-19”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 47, no. 2, 2022, pp. 861-9, doi:10.17826/cumj.1093938.