Immunohistochemical analysis of the immune checkpoint molecule Galectin-9 in meningiomas

Year 2024, Volume: 49 Issue: 3, 600 - 606, 30.09.2024

Ismail Saygin , Emel Çakır , Seher Nazlı Kazaz , Ali Rıza Güvercin , İlker Eyüboğlu , Müşerref Müge Ustaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1455861

Abstract

Purpose: Most meningiomas can be treated by surgical resection. However, depending on the location of the lesion, incomplete resection or high-grade meningiomas may have a poor prognosis. The new methods such as immunotherapy may improve our options for effective, patient-specific treatment of meningiomas. We aim to contribute to the development of new personalized treatment strategies by investigating the status of Gal-9 in meningiomas.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred two cases diagnosed in our laboratory between 2007 and 2020 were used for the study. New blocks of multiple tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry using the tissue microarray method. Immunohistochemical staining of Gal-9 antibody was evaluated using the H-score method.
Results: Of the 402 cases studied, 289 were female and 113 were male. Two hundred and seventy-one (67.4%) cases were WHO grade 1; 121 (30.1%) were grade 2 and 10 (2.5%) were grade 3. A high H-score was observed in grade 1 and 2 tumors (H-score: 93.38 and 93.91) and a low H-score in grade 3 tumors (H-score: 59.40). There was no significant correlation between brain invasion and Gal-9 expression. No significant correlation was found between Gal-9 expression and minor criteria used in tumor grading.
Conclusion: A statistically significant difference was found between Gal-9 H-score and tumor grade. Gal-9 had a lower H-score in high-grade meningiomas and its expression level decreased. Therefore, Gal-9 with different expression levels can be used as a prognostic and predictive biomarker as well as an important molecule for treatment.

Keywords

Meningioma, Galectin-9, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint molecules, H score

Ethical Statement

There are no conflicts of interest in connection with this paper, and the material described is not under publication or consideration for publication elsewhere.

Supporting Institution

The Scientific And Technological Research Council Of Turkey (TUBİTAK)

Project Number

220S403

Meningiomlarda bağışıklık kontrol noktası molekülü Galektin-9'un immünohistokimyasal analizi

Abstract

Amaç: Meningiom vakalarının çoğu cerrahi rezeksiyonla tedavi edilebilir. Ancak lezyonun lokalizasyonuna bağlı olarak tam çıkarılamayan veya yüksek dereceli meningiomların prognozu kötü olabilir. İmmünoterapi gibi yeni yöntemler, meningiomun hastaya özel, etkili tedavisine yönelik kapasitemizi artırabilir. Bu çalışmayla meningiomlarda Gal-9'un durumunu araştırarak kişiye özel yeni tedavi seçeneklerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlıyoruz.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 2007-2020 yılları arasında laboratuvarımızda tanısı konulan 402 olgu kullanıldı. İmmünhistokimya için doku mikroarray yöntemiyle birden fazla doku içeren yeni bloklar hazırlandı. Gal-9 antikorunun immünohistokimyasal boyanması H skoru yöntemi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 402 olgunun 289'u kadın, 113'ü erkekti. İki yüz yetmiş bir (%67,4) vaka WHO derece 1 idi; 121'i (%30,1) derece 2, 10'u (%2,5) derece 3 idi. Derece 1 ve 2 tümörlerde yüksek H skoru (sırasıyla 93,38 - 93,91), derece 3 tümörlerde ise düşük H skoru (59,40) gözlendi. Beyin invazyonu ile Gal-9 ekspresyonu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktu. Gal-9 ekspresyonu ile tümör derecelendirmesinde kullanılan minör kriterler arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunamadı.
Sonuç: Gal-9 H skoru ile tümör derecesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlendi. Gal-9, yüksek dereceli meningiomlarda daha düşük bir H skoru gösterdi ve ekspresyon seviyeleri azaldı. Bu nedenle farklı ekspresyon seviyelerine sahip Gal-9, prognostik ve prediktif bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceği gibi tedavi için de önemli bir molekül olarak kullanılabileceği öngörülebilir.

Keywords

Meningiom, Galektin-9, immünoterapi, immün kontrol noktası molekülleri, H skoru

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK, Project no: 220S403

Project Number

220S403

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