Hidradan insana: atavistik kanser modelinin in silico araştırması

Year 2024, Volume: 49 Issue: 4, 863 - 880, 30.12.2024

Yağmur Kafali , Athanasia Pavlopoulou

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1505761

Abstract

Amaç: Kanser, hücresel iş birliğini sağlayan genlerin görevlerini yerine getirememelerinden kaynaklanarak çok hücreli sistemlerin işleyişini bozar. Dikkat çekici bir şekilde, kanser atavistik özellikler gösterir; bu, kanser hücrelerinin geleneksel Darwinci evrimden saparak evrimsel yollarında kendine özgü bir rota izlediklerini gösterir. Bu bağlamda, kanser hücreleri kontrolsüz çoğalma, hücre ölüm mekanizmalarından kaçış ve değişmiş metabolizma gibi hücre büyümesi ve hayatta kalma ile ilgili eski biyolojik programları yansıtan özellikler sergileyebilir. Bu çalışmada bazal metazoan Hydra'da oluşan tümörlerle ilişkili proteinleri ve bunların farklı taksonlar boyunca korunmasını analiz ederek kanserin evrimsel kökenini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Hydra tümörlerinde protein kodlayan transkriptlerin evrimsel korunma durumunu araştırmak için biyoinformatik yaklaşımlar kullanılmıştır. Bu analizler, hem tek hücreli hem de çok hücreli yaşam formlarını temsil eden türler arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hydra tümörleriyle ilişkili proteinlerin taksonomik dağılımını inceleyerek, kanserin evrimsel kökenleri seçilen temsilci türler boyunca takip edilmiştir. Hydra tümörlerinde protein kodlayan genlerin çoğunluğunun tek hücreli kökenli olduğu ve insanda kanserle ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışmada Hydra tümörlerinde ifade edilen genlerin evrimsel süreç boyunca korunumu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Hydra’nın kanser araştırmalarında model organizma olarak değerlendirilebileceği önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kanser, atavism, Hydra, filostratigrafi, biyoinformatik

Ethical Statement

We declare there is no conflict of interest

From hydra to human: in silico investigation of the atavistic model of cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Cancer manifests as a disruption in the regular functioning of multicellular systems, arising from the malfunctioning of genes responsible for cellular cooperation. Notably, cancer exhibits atavistic characteristics, wherein cancer cells diverge from the conventional Darwinian evolution, highlighting a distinctive trajectory in their evolutionary fate. In this context, cancer cells may display traits such as uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of cell death mechanisms and altered metabolism, which could reflect ancient biological programs related to cell growth and survival. The objective of this study was to trace the evolutionary origin of cancer by analyzing tumor-related proteins in the basal metazoan Hydra and their preservation across diverse taxa.
Materials and Methods: Bioinformatic approaches were employed to investigate the conservation status of protein-coding transcripts that are differentially expressed in the tumor-bearing Hydra across species, representing both unicellular and multicellular forms of life.
Results: By examining the taxonomic distribution of the Hydra polyp-related proteins, we have traced the ancient evolutionary roots of cancer through the tree of life. The majority of protein-coding genes were found to be of unicellular origin and associated with cancer.
Conclusion: We suggest conservation of the atavistic in model of cancer the basal tumor-bearing animals, which can be considered as promising and intriguing candidate model organisms in cancer research.

Keywords

cancer, atavistic hypothesis, Hydra, phylostratigraphy, bioinformatics

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