Postmenopozal kadınlarda menopoz süresi ile kardiyovasküler olay geçirme riskinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 1, 181 - 187, 31.03.2025

Özlem Kızıltaş , İzzet Fidancı

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1612379

Abstract

Amaç: Menopoz, kadınların yaşamında önemli bir geçiş dönemidir ve bu süreçte meydana gelen fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişiklikler, kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini artırabilir. Bu çalışmada, postmenopozal kadınlarda menopoz süresi ve menopoz yaşı ile kardiyovasküler risk arasındaki ilişkinin Sistematik Koroner Risk Değerlendirme (SCORE) sistemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak planlanan çalışmaya Bahçeşehir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran menopoz dönemindeki (n=135) kadınlar dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların menopoz yaşları ve menopozda geçen süreleri kaydedilmiş; yaşları, sigara kullanım durumları, kan basıncı değerleri, total kolesterol değerleri, ve laboratuvar sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelenerek 10 yıllık ölümcül kardiyovasküler olay geçirme riskleri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 57,92±5,95 yıl, menopoz süresi ortalaması ise 10,76±6,09 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Menopoz yaşı ile SCORE değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ancak, menopoz süresi ile kardiyovasküler risk skoru arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgu, menopoz süresi uzadıkça kardiyovasküler riskin arttığını göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma postmenopozal kadınlarda menopoz süresinin kardiyovasküler olaylarla ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu durum, sağlık hizmetlerinde erken kardiyovasküler risk değerlendirmesi ve önleyici stratejilerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Menopozla ilişkili hormonal değişimlerin kardiyovasküler sağlık üzerindeki etkisini daha iyi anlamak için daha geniş örneklem gruplarıyla yapılacak uzunlamasına çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

menopoz, postmenopoz, kalp hastalığı risk faktörleri, kardiyometabolik risk faktörleri

Project Number

1

Assessment of duration of menopause and risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Purpose: Menopause is a significant transitional phase in a woman's life, characterized by physiological and biochemical changes that may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between menopause duration, age at menopause, and cardiovascular risk using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, menopausal women (n=135) who applied to Bahçeşehir Family Health Centre were included. Age at menopause and duration of menopause were recorded; age, smoking status, blood pressure, total cholesterol and laboratory results were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events.
Results: The mean age of participants was 57.92±5.95 years, and the mean menopause duration was 10.76±6.09 years. No statistically significant correlation was found between age at menopause and SCORE values. However, a significant positive correlation was observed between menopause duration and cardiovascular risk score, indicating that a longer duration of menopause is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion: This study shows that duration of menopause may be associated with cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. This highlights the importance of early cardiovascular risk assessment and preventive strategies in health services. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the effects of menopause-related hormonal changes on cardiovascular health.

Keywords

menopause, postmenopause, heart disease risk factors, cardiometabolic risk factors

Ethical Statement

I declare that all processes of the study comply with research and publication ethics and that I comply with ethical rules and scientific citation principles.

Supporting Institution

There is no supporting institution.

Project Number

1

References

• Santoro N, Roeca C, Peters BA, Neal-Perry G. The menopause transition: signs, symptoms, and management options. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106:1-15.
• Nombora O, Rodrigues T, Felgueiras P, Silva BF, Venâncio Â. Menopause-associated psychosis: a case report and literature review. Psychiatry Res Case Rep. 2024;3:100210.
• Özer Ü, Gözükara F. Determining the Menopause related problems, coping methods and perspectives of women having menopause in Sanliurfa. Huhemfad. 2016;3:16-26.
• Takahashi TA, Johnson KM. Menopause. Med Clin N Am. 2015; 99:521-34.
• Özgen H, Saka S. The relationship between physical activity level with functional capacity, cardiovascular risk factors, menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Akdeniz Med J. 2022;8:194-201.
• Lobo RA, Gompel A. Management of menopause: a view towards prevention. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:457-70.
• Eray A, Set T, Ateş E. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in adults. Turk J Fam Pract. 2018;22:12-9.
• El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, Hodis HN, Johnson AE, Langer RD et al. Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk: implications for timing of early prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142:e506-32.
• Moreau KL, Hildreth KL, Meditz AL, Deane KD, Kohrt WM. Endothelial function is impaired across the stages of the menopause transition in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:4692-700.
• Menopoz. Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Türkiye. https://temd.org.tr/halk/hastaliklar/menopoz (accessed February 18, 2025).
• Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;12;97:1837-47
• Cardiovascular Risk Calculation. Turkish Society of Cardiology. https://tkd.org.tr/kardiyobil/kalp-damar-sagligi/kardiyovaskuler-risk-hesaplama (accessed April 24, 2024).
• Vajo Z, Acs N, Toth K, Dinya E, Paragh G, Csaszar A. Cardiovascular risk status and primary prevention in postmenopausal women: the MENOCARD study. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2009;121:202-8.
• Kocić R, Spirovski D, Cirić V, Velija-Ašimi Z. Impact of diet, physical activity, lipid status and glycoregulation in estimation of score (systematic coronary risk evaluation) for ten years in postmenopausal women. Biomol Biomed. 2007;7:197-204.
• Rivera CM, Grossardt BR, Rhodes DJ, Brown RD Jr, Roger VL, Melton LJ 3rd et al. Increased cardiovascular mortality after early bilateral oophorectomy. Menopause. 2009;16:15-23.
• Anagnostis P, Lambrinoudaki I, Stevenson JC, Goulis DG. Menopause-associated risk of cardiovascular disease. Endocr Connect. 2022;11:e210537.
• El Khoudary SR. Age at menopause onset and risk of cardiovascular disease around the world. Maturitas. 2020;141:33-8.
• Zhu D, Chung HF, Dobson AJ, Pandeya N, Brunner EJ, Kuh D et al. Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies. Hum Reprod. 2020;35:1933-43.
• Ley SH, Li Y, Tobias DK, Manson JE, Rosner B, Hu FB et al. Duration of reproductive life span, age at menarche, and age at menopause are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e006713.
• Hirahatake KM, Jiang L, Wong ND, Shikany JM, Eaton CB, Allison MA et al. Diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the women's health initiative. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e013249.
• Haddock BL, Marshak HP, Mason JJ, Blix G. The effect of hormone replacement therapy and exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. Sports Med. 2000;29:39-49.
• Yang ZQ, Yang Z, Duan ML. Dietary approach to stop hypertension diet and risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;70:668-74.
• Aljuraiban GS, Gibson R, Oude Griep LM, Okuda N, Steffen LM, Van Horn L et al. Perspective: The application of a priori diet quality scores to cardiovascular disease risk-a critical evaluation of current scoring systems. Adv Nutr. 2020;11:10-24.
• Prakash MD, Stojanovska L, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise in menopausal women. (Ed. Hackney AC). Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women: 285–307. Springer, Cham. 2017.
• Apostolopoulos V, Al Dhaheri AS, Ismail LC, Ali HI, Stojanovska L. Can exercise improve symptoms in menopausal women? (Ed. Hackney AC). Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women: 369-402. Springer, Cham. 2023.
• Rathnayake N, Alwis G, Lenora J, Lekamwasam S. Associations between body composition and cardiovascular disease risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. J Health Popul Nutr. 2023;42:110.
• Peila R, Xue X, Qi Q, Dannenberg AJ, Allison MA, Johnson KC et al. Healthy lifestyle index and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023; 12:e029111.
• Ruiz-Rios M, Maldonado-Martin S. Physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Menopause. 2022;29:1222-9.