Comparison of neuroimaging and clinical findings of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) and seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD)

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 3, 937 - 943, 30.09.2025

Ömer Kaya , Gülen Gül Mert

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1776108

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and neuroimaging findings of pediatric patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) and seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 8 MOGAD and 10 seronegative NMOSD patients admitted to Cukurova University between 2015 and 2025, with a minimum follow-up of one year. MOGAD was diagnosed according to the 2023 International MOGAD Panel criteria, while NMOSD was defined by the 2015 IPND criteria.
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 12,1±2,9 years in the MOGAD group and 9,4±4.4 years in the NMOSD group. Relapse-free survival was higher in MOGAD, with 50% of patients experiencing no further attacks. In contrast, all NMOSD patients relapsed. At the end of follow-up, 87.5% of MOGAD patients achieved complete recovery, while all NMOSD patients had persistent sequelae. MRI analysis showed cortical and conus lesions as predominant in MOGAD, whereas NMOSD more frequently demonstrated long-segment spinal cord involvement, posterior orbital lesions, and brainstem or deep gray matter involvement.
Conclusion: MOGAD is associated with fewer relapses and better recovery, while NMOSD is characterized by recurrent attacks and a high rate of permanent disability. The frequency of these imaging findings may contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and prognostic prediction.

Keywords

Pediatric , MOGAD , seronegative NMOSD , MRI

Miyelin oligodendrosit glikoprotein antikoru ile ilişkili hastalık (MOGAD) ve seronegatif nöromiyelit optika spektrum hastalığının (NMOSD) nörogörüntüleme ve klinik bulgularının karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı pediatrik olgularda, myelin oligodendrosit glikoprotein antikor ilişkili hastalık (MOGAD) ile seronegatif nöromiyelitis optika spektrum bozukluğu (NMOSD) hastalarının klinik ve nörogörüntüleme bulgularını karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2015–2025 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi’nde izlenen, en az bir yıl takip edilmiş 8 MOGAD ve 10 seronegatif NMOSD hastası dahil edildi. MOGAD tanısı 2023 Uluslararası MOGAD Paneli kriterlerine, NMOSD tanısı ise 2015 IPND kriterlerine göre kondu.
Bulgular: Tanı anındaki ortalama yaş MOGAD grubunda 12,1±2,9 yıl, NMOSD grubunda 9,4±4.4 yıl idi. Relapssız sağkalım MOGAD’da daha yüksekti; hastaların %50’si tekrar atak geçirmedi. Buna karşın tüm NMOSD hastaları relaps yaşadı. Takip sonunda MOGAD hastalarının %87,5’i tamamen iyileşirken, NMOSD’de tüm olgularda kalıcı sekel saptandı. MRG analizinde MOGAD’da kortikal ve konus lezyonları ön plandayken, NMOSD’de uzun segment spinal kord tutulumu, posterior orbital lezyonlar ve beyin sapı/derin gri cevher tutulumu daha sık izlendi..
Sonuç: MOGAD daha az relaps ve daha iyi iyileşme, NMOSD tekrarlayan ataklar ve kalıcı sekel yüksek oranda saptandı. Görüntüleme bulgularının sıklıklarının tanısal doğruluk ve prognoz öngörüsünde yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Pediatrik , MOGAD , seronegatif NMOSD , MRG

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