Effect of Different Surface Coating Applications on The Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Resin-Based Composites: An SEM Study

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 103 - 110, 15.04.2024

Ayşe Tuğba Ertürk-avunduk, Ebru Delikan

https://doi.org/10.5152/CRDS.2022.2276127

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate color change and surface roughness of resin-based composites treated with a surface coating agent.
Methods: Forty specimens were prepared from each resin [G-ænial Posterior (microhybrid composite/GP) and SDR flow+(bulk-fill composite/SDR)]. Following baseline color and surface roughness (Ra) measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to surface coating agents [(Permaseal, Biscover LV, Prebond SE, and control group]. Following the application procedures, color and roughness measurements were repeated. The specimens were discolored for 144 hours in a coffee solution, renewing daily. Final measurements were performed. Color change values (∆E00) and Ra were calculated. Surface topography was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Two-way analyses of variance, Tukey’s post-hoc test and Student t-test were performed, with a p<0.05 regarded as indicative of significance.
Results: SDR showed more color change and surface roughness than GP and both materials presented unacceptable (AT>1.8) and perceptible (PT>0.8) discoloration. The highest discoloration was observed for Permaseal and Prebond SE in terms of ΔE2 and ΔE3. GP-Biscover LV, SDR-Prebond SE combinations showed the lowest and clinically acceptable (AT<1.8) ΔE values. There were no significant differences between surface coating agents in terms of surface roughness (p>0.05). GP-Permaseal and SDR-Prebond SE combinations were exhibited less surface roughness.
Conclusion: A bulk-fill composite is more prone to discoloration than a microhybrid composite. At each period, the bulk-fill composite exhibited greater surface roughness than the microhybrid composite. Biscover LV showed more acceptable results in terms of color stability and roughness than other surface coating agents (Permaseal and Prebond SE).
Keywords: Sealant, Permaseal, Biscover LV, Prebond, Discoloration, Roughness
Farklı Yüzey Örtücü Uygulamalarının Rezin Bazlı Kompozitlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Renk Stabilitesine Etkisi: SEM Çalışması
ÖZ
Amaç : Yüzey örtücü ajanı ile muamele edilmiş rezin esaslı kompozitlerin renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğünü araştırmak.
Yöntemler: Her rezin materyalinden [G-ænial Posterior (mikrohibrit kompozit/GP) and SDR flow+(bulk-fill kompozit/SDR)] kırk numune hazırlandı. Başlangıç renk ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ölçümlerinin ardından, numuneler yüzey örtücü ajanlarına [(Permaseal, Biscover LV ve Prebond SE] ve kontrol grubu distile su olacak şekilde rastgele 4 gruba (n=10) ayrıldı. Uygulama işlemlerinin ardından renk ve pürüzlülük ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Numuneler, günlük olarak yenilenen kahve solüsyonunda 144 saat boyunca renklendirildi. Son ölçümler yapıldı. Renk değişim değerleri (∆E00) ve Ra hesaplandı. Yüzey topografisi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak belirlendi. İki yönlü varyans analizleri, Tukey post hoc testi ve Student-t testi yapıldı ve P<0,05 anlamlılık göstergesi olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular : SDR, GP'den daha fazla renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü gösterdi ve her iki materyal de kabul edilemez (AT>1,8) ve algılanabilir (PT>0,8) renk değişikliği gösterdi. ΔE2 ve ΔE3 açısından en yüksek renk değişimi Permaseal ve Prebond SE için gözlendi. GP-Biscover LV ve SDR-Prebond SE kombinasyonları en düşük ve klinik olarak kabul edilebilir (AT<1,8) ΔE değerlerini gösterdi. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü açısından yüzey örtücü ajanları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). GP-Permaseal ve SDR-Prebond SE kombinasyonları daha az yüzey pürüzlülüğü sergiledi.
Sonuç: Bulk-fil rezin kompoziti, mikro-hibrit kompozite göre renk bozulmasına daha yatkındır. Her periyotta, Bulk-fil kompozit, mikro-hibrit
kompozitten daha fazla yüzey pürüzlülüğü sergiledi. Biscover LV, hem renk stabilitesi hem de pürüzlülük açısından diğer yüzey örtücü ajanlarına
(Permaseal ve Prebond SE) göre daha kabul edilebilir sonuçlar gösterdi.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Örtücü, Permaseal, Biscover LV, Prebond, Renk değişikliği, Pürüzlülük

Keywords

Sealant, Permaseal, Biscover LV, Prebond, Discoloration, Roughness

References

• 1. Valentini F, Oliveira SGDd, Guimarães GZ, Barbosa RPdS, Moraes RRd. Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Braz Dent J. 2011;22:365-368.
• 2. Gönülol N, Yılmaz F. The effects of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2012;40:e64-e70.
• 3. Dede DÖ, Şahin O, Koroglu A, Yilmaz B. Effect of sealant agents on the color stability and surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116(1):119-128.
• 4. Pedroso LB, Barreto L, Miotti LL, Nicoloso GF, Durand LB. Effect of a surface sealant on the color stability of composite resins after immersion in staining solution. Gen Dent. 2016;64(2):22-25.
• 5. Gaviria-Martinez A, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Castañeda M, et al. Surface roughness and oxygen inhibited layer control in bulk-fill and conventional nanohybrid resin composites with and without polishing: In vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):1-13.
• 6. Nikolaidis A, Vouzara T, Koulaouzidou E. Pit and fissure nanocomposite sealants reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite: A study of their mechanical properties, surface roughness and color stability. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(5):773-783.
• 7. Wegehaupt FJ, Tauböck TT, Sener B, Attin T. Long-term protective effect of surface sealants against erosive wear by intrinsic and extrinsic acids. J Dent. 2012;40(5):416-422.
• 8. Cortopassi LS, Shimokawa CA, Willers AE, Sobral MA. Surface roughness and color stability of surface sealants and adhesive systems applied over a resin‐based composite. J Esthet Dent. 2020;32(1):64-72.
• 9. Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, Peumans M, Yoshida Y, Poitevin A, et al. Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives. Biomaterials. 2007;28(26):3757-3785.
• 10. Rizzante FA, Bombonatti JS, Vasconcelos L, Porto TS, Teich S, Mondelli RF. Influence of resin-coating agents on the roughness and color of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(3):332. e1-. e5.
• 11. Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, et al. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Dent. 2015;27:S1-S9.
• 12. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM, Ozsoy A, Topcu FT. Effects of polishing systems on the surface roughness of tooth-colored materials. J Dent Sci. 2013;8(2):160-169.
• 13. Maitin S, Maitin N, Priyank H, Raj S. Evaluation of spectrophotometer analysis of bulk-fill composites in various daily used beverages. Int J Med Biomed Stud. 2019;3(10):334-341.
• 14. Garoushi S, Lassila L, Hatem M, Shembesh M, Baady L, Salim Z, et al. Influence of staining solutions and whitening procedures on discoloration of hybrid composite resins. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(1):144-150.
• 15. Della Bona A, Pecho O, Ghinea R, Cardona J, Paravina R, Perez M. Influence of bleaching and aging procedures on color and whiteness of dental composites. Oper Dent. 2019;44(6):648-658.
• 16. Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Dent. 2019;31(2):103-112.
• 17. Tekçe N, Tuncer S, Demirci M, Serim ME, Baydemir C. The effect of different drinks on the color stability of different restorative materials after one month. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40(4):255-261.
• 18. Pecho OE, Ghinea R, Alessandretti R, Pérez MM, Della Bona A. Visual and instrumental shade matching using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas. Dent Mater. 2016;32(1):82-92.
• 19. Korkut B, Bud M, Kukey P, Sancakli HS. Effect of surface sealants on color stability of different resin composites. Med Pharm Rep. 2022;95(1):71.
• 20. Rajkumar K, Kumar S, Mahalaxmi S, Ragavi P, Mageshwaran T. Colour stability of resin composites after emersing in coffee of different temperature-an in vitro study. SRM Univ J Den Sci. 2011;2(2):92-95.
• 21. Bagheri R, Burrow M, Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials. J Dent. 2005;33(5):389-398.
• 22. Mundim FM, Garcia LdFR, Pires-de-Souza FdCP. Effect of staining solutions and repolishing on color stability of direct composites. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010;18:249-254.
• 23. Shamszadeh S, Sheikh-Al-Eslamian SM, Hasani E, Abrandabadi AN, Panahandeh N. Color stability of the bulk-fill composite resins with different thickness in response to coffee/water immersion. Int J Dent. 2016;2016.
• 24. Bilgili Can D, Özarslan M. Evaluation of color stability and microhardness of contemporary bulk‐fill composite resins with different polymerization properties. J Esthet Dent. 2022.
• 25. Güler AU, Güler E, Yücel AÇ, Ertaş E. Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17:108-112.
• 26. Rüttermann S, Dluzhevskaya I, Großsteinbeck C, Raab WH-M, Janda R. Impact of replacing Bis-GMA and TEGDMA by other commercially available monomers on the properties of resin-based composites. Dent Mater. 2010;26(4):353-359.
• 27. Feilzer A, Dauvillier B. Effect of TEGDMA/BisGMA ratio on stress development and viscoelastic properties of experimental two-paste composites. J Dent Res. 2003;82(10):824-828.
• 28. Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. J Dent. 2012;40:e55-e63.
• 29. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007;18(1):155-163.
• 30. Guler S, Unal M. The evaluation of color and surface roughness changes in resin based restorative materials with different contents after waiting in various liquids: an SEM and AFM study. Micros Res Tech. 2018;81(12):1422-433.
• 31. Ardu S, Braut V, Gutemberg D, Krejci I, Dietschi D, Feilzer AJ. A long-term laboratory test on staining susceptibility of esthetic composite resin materials. Quintessence Int. 2010;41(8).
• 32. LEE YK, KIM SH, Powers JM. Changes in translucency of resin composites after storage in salivary esterase. J Esthet Dent. 2005;17(5):293-302.
• 33. Ruschel V, Bona V, Baratieri L, Maia H. Effect of surface sealants and polishing time on composite surface roughness and microhardness. Oper Dent. 2018;43(4):408-415.
• 34. Miotti L, Nicoloso G, Durand L, Susin A, Rocha R. Color stability of a resin composite: Effect of the immersion method and surface treatments. Indian J Dent Res. 2016;27(2):195.
• 35. Attar N. The effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of composite resin materials. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(1):27-23