COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Merkezinde Ebeler, Ebelerin Merkezinde Kadınlar

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisi bütün dünyada büyük değişimlere neden olmuştur. Kadın sağlığı, pandemi sürecinde daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Doğum öncesi, doğum, doğum sonu, cinsel ve üreme sağlığının risklerini içinde barındıran kadın sağlığı öncelikli olarak ele alınmalıdır. Sağlığın tanımından yola çıkılarak kadın sağlığı sadece fiziksel olarak değil ruhsal ve sosyal olarak da tam bir iyilik halini içermektedir. Pandemi döneminde gebeler, doğum yapan anneler, doğum eyleminde olan ve doğurganlık faktörleri dışında kalan kadınların, çeşitli nedenlerle stresörlerinin arttığı, araştırmalarla da belirlenmiştir. Her süreçte kadınların yanında olan ebeler bu süreçte de görevlerini tüm zorluklara rağmen sürdürmektedirler. Bu çalışmada artan iş yüküne rağmen ebelerin ve sürecin getirdiği ekstra zorluklarla mücadele eden kadınların yaşamlarına değinilmiştir. Ebelik mesleğinin güçlendirilmesi sağlanarak ve kadınların problemleri gerekli izlem ve takiplerle erken dönemde belirlenerek daha güçlü kadınlar dolayısıyla daha güçlü aile ve toplum geleceği mümkündür.

Keywords

• Covıd-19
• kadın sağlığı
• doğum öncesi
• doğum ve doğum sonrası
• ebelik.

Midwives at the Center of the COVID-19 Pandemic Process, Women at the Center of Midwives

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has caused great changes all over the world. Women's health has become even more important during the pandemic process. Women's health, which includes the risks of prenatal, birth, postpartum, sexual and reproductive health, should be considered as a priority. Based on the definition of health, women's health includes not only physical but also mental and social well-being. During the pandemic period, it has been determined by research that the stressors of pregnant women, mothers who gave birth, women who are in labor and are excluded from fertility factors, increase for various reasons. Midwives, who are with women in every process, continue their duties in this process, despite all the difficulties. In this study, the lives of midwives and women who struggle with the extra difficulties brought by the process despite the increasing workload are mentioned. By empowering the midwifery profession and identifying women's problems in the early period with necessary follow-ups and follow-ups, stronger women and thus a stronger family and society are possible.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• women
• prenatal
• birth and postpartum
• midwifery.

References

1. Ankara Aktaş H, Aboalhasan Y, Aygün T, Başol G, Kale A (2020) Covıd-19 ve gebelik. South. Clin. Ist. Euras 31: 69-73. DOI: 10.14744/scie.2020.00921
2. Belay L, Hurisa T, Abbas F, Daba M, Abebe B, Nigatu B, Prager S (2020) Effect of covıd-19 pandemıc on safe abortıon and contraceptıve servıces and mıtıgatıon measures: a case study from a tertıary facılıty ın ethıopıa. EJRH 12(3): 51-56
3. Bradfield Z, Hauck Y, Homer CSE, Sweet L, Wilson AN, Szabo RA, Wynter K, Vasilevski V, Kuliukas L (2021) Midwives’ experiences of providing maternity care during thecovıd-19 pandemic in Australia. Women and Birth 10:1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.02.007
4. Brislane A, Larkin F, Jones H, Davenport MH (2021) Access to and quality of healthcare for pregnant and postpartum women during the covıd-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health 2: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2021.628625
5. Budak F, Korkmaz Ş (2020) Covıd-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği SAYOD (1): 62-79. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.738657
6. Capobianco G, Saderi L, Aliberti S, Mondoni M, Piana A, Dessole F, Dessole M, Cherchi PC, Dessole S, Sotgiu G (2020) Covıd-19 in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EJOG 252: 543-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006 0301-2115
7. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F (2020) Persistent symptoms in patients after acute covıd-19. JAMA 324(6):603-605. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.12603
8. Carneiro MM (2020) Women’s health during the covıd-19 pandemic: new roles and views in health care. Women & Health 60:8, 849-850. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2020.1789263

9. Ceulemans M, Hompes T, Foulon V (2020) Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the covıd-19 pandemic: a call for action. JOGI 151(1): 146-147. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13295
10. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao D, Xu D, Gong Q, Liao J, Yang H, Hou W, Zhang Y (2020) Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of covıd-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 395: 809–815.
11. Crowther S, Maude R, Zhao IY, Bradford B, Gilkison A (2021) New zealand maternity and midwifery services and the covıd-19 response: a systematic scoping review. Women and Birth 34(4): 1-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.05.008 1871-5192
12. Çağlar M, Yeşiltepe Oskay Ü (2020) Covıd-19 pandemisi sürecinde gebelik ve doğum yönetimi. SBÜ Hemşirelik Dergisi 2(2): 99-104.
13. Çuvadar A, Özcan H, Arıkan MG, Ateş S (2020) Covıd-19 tanılı gebede postpartum kaygı düzeyi: iki olgu sunumu. Ordu University J Nurs Stud 3(3), 297-30. DOI:10.38108/ouhcd.773462
14. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, O’Halloran A ve arkadaşları (2020) Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed covıd-19 covıd-net, 13 states, march 1–august 22, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69(38): 1347-1354. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6938e1.
15. Demir R, Taşpınar A (2021) Koronavirüs pandemisinin kadının yaşamına ve sağlığına yansımaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(4): 779-789. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.882529
16. Esegbona-Adeigbe S (2020) Impact of covıd-19 on antenatal care provision. Eur J Midwifer 4(16): 1-2. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/121096
17. Gausman J, Langer A (2020) Sex and gender disparities in the covıd-19 pandemic. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 29(4): 465-466. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8472
18. Göksu Ö, Kumcağız H (2020) Covid-19 salgınında bireylerde algılanan stres düzeyi ve kaygı düzeyleri. Turkish Studies 15(4): 463-479. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
19. Hapshy V, Aziz D, Kahar P, Khanna D, Johnson KE, Parmar MS (2021) Covıd-19 and pregnancy: risk, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 3: 1477–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-021-00915-2
20. Herawati D, Rosyada DF, Pratiwi RD, Wigati EN (2020) Famıly plannıng servıces by mıdwıfery of prıvate mıdwıfery practıce ın yogyakarta durıng the pandemıc perıod of covıd-19. JIKM11(2):123-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.2.123-135
21. Jolivet RR, Warren CE, Sripad P, Ateva E, Gausman J, Mitchell K, Hacker HP, Sacks E, Langer A (2020) Upholding rights under covıd-19: the respectful maternity care charter. HHR 22(1): 391-394.
22. Kim DH (2020) Women’s health during the covıd-19 pandemic. KJWHN 26(2):106-108. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2020.06.10
23. Kuliukas L, Hauck Y, Sweet L, Vasilevski V, Homer C, Wynter K, Wilson W, Szabo R, Bradfield Z (2021) A cross sectional study of midwifery students’ experiences of covıd-19: uncertainty and expendability. NEP 51: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102988
24. Lazenby M, Chambers S, Cyhun D, Davidson P, Dithole K, Norman I, Tlou S (2020) Clinical nursing and midwifery education in the pandemic age. Int Nurs Rev 67(3): 323-325. DOI: 10.1111/inr.12601.
25. Liu H, Wang LL, Zhao SJ, Kwak-Kim J, Mor G, Liao Aİ (2020) Why are pregnant women susceptible to covıd-19? an immunological viewpoint. J Reprod Immunol 139: 103-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103122.
26. London V, McLaren R, Atallah F, Cepeda C, McCalla S, Fisher N, Stein JL, Haberman S, Minkoff H (2020) The relationship between status at presentation and outcomes among pregnant women with covıd-19. Am J Perinatol 37(10): 991-994. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712164.
27. Mittal S, Singh T (2020) Gender-based violence during covıd-19 pandemic: a mini-review. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 1(4): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2020.00004
28. Mokhtari F, Bahadoran P, Baghersad Z (2018) Effectiveness of postpartum homecare program as a new method on mothers’ knowledge about the health of the mother and the ınfant. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 23(4): 316-321. DOI: 10.4103/Ijnmr.ijnmr_48_17
29. Monteblanco AD (2021) The covıd-19 pandemic: a focusing event to promote communitymidwifery policies in the united states. Social Sciences&Humanities 3: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100104 Murphy PA (2020) Midwifery in the time of covıd-19. JMWH 65(3): 299-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13121
30. Nair M, Nelson-Piercy C, Knight M (2017) Indirect maternal deaths: uk and global perspectives. Obstetric Medicine 10(1):10-15. DOI: 10.1177/1753495X16689444
31. Nasserie T, Hittle M, Goodman SN (2021) Assessment of the frequency and variety of persistent symptoms among patients with covıd-19. JAMA Network Open 4(5): 1-19. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417
32. Nur AN, (2015) Doğum Korkusu: Literatür Değerlendirmesi. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi, 2: 161-165
33. R, Aston M, Price S, Sim M, Benoit B, Joy P, Iduye D, Nassaji NA (2021) Mental health & parental concerns during covıd-19: the experiences of new mothers amidst social ısolatio. Midwifery, 94: 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102902
34. Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, Berchialla P, Bovetti M, Carosso AR, Malandrone F, Carletto S, Benedetto C (2020) Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20: 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03399-5
35. Öztürk Çopur E, Can Z (2021) Salgın hastalıkların kadın sağlığına yansımaları. Haliç Üniv Sağ Bil Der 87-92. https://doi.org/10.48124/husagbilder.799945
36. Pflugeisen BM, Carren C, Poore S, Carlile M, Schroeder R (2016) Virtual visits: managing prenatal care with modern technology. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 41(1):24-30. DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000199
37. Renfrew MJ, Cheyne H, Craigc J, Duff E, Dykes F, Hunter B, Lavender T, Page L, Ross-Daviei M, Spibyj H, Downe S (2020) Sustaining quality midwifery care in a pandemic and beyond. Midwifery, 88: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102759 0266-6138
38. Rocca-Ihenacho L, Alonso C (2020) Where do women birth during a pandemic? changing perspectives on safe motherhood during the covıd-19 pandemic. J Glob Sağlık Bilimi 2(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e4
39. Sayıner FD, Özerdoğan N (2009) Doğal Doğum. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3): 143-148
40. Söğüt S, Dolu İ, Cangöl E (2021) The relationship between covıd‐19 knowledge levels and anxiety states of midwifery students during the outbreak: a cross‐sectional web‐based survey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 57(1): 246 252. DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12555
41. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Covıd-19 (Sars-Cov-2 Enfeksiyonu) Solunum Sistemi Hastalıklarının Yaygın Olduğu Dönemde Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Gebe Takibi, Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması 2020, Ankara
42. Türktan M, Berk N, Sucu M (2021) Covıd-19’da sezaryende anestezi yönetimi. Cukurova Med J 46(2):844-847. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.859899
43. Uğraş Dikmen A, Kına HM, Özkan S, İlhan MN (2020) Covıd-19 epidemiyolojisi: pandemiden ne öğrendik. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res 1(Özel Sayı):29-36. https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.715153
44. Ulusal D (2021) Covid-19 pandemi döneminde kadın sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadıkları sorunların analizi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(77): 954-965
45. Ünal B, Gülseren L (2020) Covıd-19 pandemisinin görünmeyen yüzü: aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet. J Clin Psy 23(Ek 1): 89-94. DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2020.37973
46. Velavan TP, Meyer CG (2020) The covıd-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health 25(3): 278-280. DOI:10.1111/tmi.13383
47. Zanardo V, Manghina V, Giliberti L, Vettore M, Severino L, Straface G (2020) Psychological impact of covıd-19 quarantine measures in northeastern ıtaly on mothers in the immediate postpartum period. FIGO 150(2): 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13249
48. Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M, Cheng BH, Zhou XC, Li J, Tian JH, Dong L, Hu RH (2020) Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with covıd-19 in hubei province. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 55(3): 166-171. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200218-00111