THE CONCEPT OF AL-FISQ / AL-FAASIQ IN THE QURAN AND ITS HISTORICAL ADVENTURE OF TRANSFORMATION

Year 2015, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 411 - 426, 31.10.2015

Bekir Tatlı

Abstract

One of the most frequently used concepts both in the Quran and the Islamic intellectual history is, undoubtedly, the concept of “al-fisq” (الفِسْق ) (disobedience, transgression). Derivatives of this word are used in many verses of the Quran, of which vast majority is associated with disbelievers, polytheists and hypocrites. However, the word of “al-fisq” has also been used, from time to time, for certain behaviors of Muslims. When we look at the History of Islamic Sects (al-Mazâhib), we notice that the concept of al-fisq was almost associated with the major sins (al-kabaair) and that the word “al-faasiq” (disobedient person, transgressor) was often used for the perpetrator of major sins (al-murtakib al-kabeerah). In this sense, we can say that a “narrowing” has occurred in the meaning of the word “al-fisq” during the subsequent periods. When we consider the field of Methodology of Hadith, we also come across to a similar situation. Indeed, the expression of a “faasiq narrator” has been used for the perpetrators of major sins and for heterodox persons (al-mubtadi‘) in many sources written on “al-Jarh and al-Taʻdil” field. In this article, an attempt is made to provide information on the adventure which the concept of “al-fisq” has experienced throughout Islamic history.

Keywords

al-Fisq (disobedience), al-faasiq (disobedient), fisq al-rawi (narrator’s depravity), bidʻah (heresy), al-murtakib al-kabeerah (perpetrator of major sins), Quran, Hadith, Sunnah, History of Islamic Sects (al-Mazaahib), Hadith Methodologyh

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