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Psikolojik Sözleşme Ve Boyutlarının iş Tatmini Örgütsel Bağlılık Ve işten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkileri: Tibbi Satış Temsilcileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2010, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 01.03.2010

Abstract

The metaphor of the psychological contract has been very popular nowadays in the organizational behavior literature as a way of explaining the degree of balance between the employees and the employers In this study we investigated the effects of the psychological contract its sub dimensions relational and transactional psychological contracts and the psychological contract violation on the identified attitudes that are job satisfaction organizational commitment and intention to leave The data is obtained from 457 medical sales people by the survey method and is analyzed using the statistics software Results revealed that relational psychological contracts are positively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment; transactional psychological contracts are positively correlated with intention to leave Keywords: Psychological contract job satisfaction organizational commitment intention to leave medical sales people

References

  • Allen, N.J., J.P. Meyer (1990), “The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization,” Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, ss. 1-18.
  • Argyris, C. (1960), Understanding Organizational Behavior, London: Tavistock.
  • Arnold, J., C. Feldman (1986), Organizational Behavior, New York: McGraw- Hill International Edition Management Series.
  • Arnold, J. (1996), “The psychological contract: a concept in need of closer scrutiny?,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5 ss.511- 520.
  • Aselage, J., R. Eisenberger (2003), “Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: a theoretical integration,” Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 24(5), ss. 491- 509.
  • Becker, H.S. (1960), “Notes on the concept of commitment,” American Journal of Sociology, 66, ss. 32-40.
  • Becker, T.E. (1992), “Foci and bases of commitment: are they distinctions worth making?,” Academy of Management Journal, 35, ss. 232-244.
  • Blau, P.M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Boss, R.W. (1985), “The psychological contract: a key to effective organization development consultation. Consultation: An International Journal, 4, ss. 284- 304.
  • Cammann, C., M. Fichman, D. Jenkins, J. Klesh (1983), “Assessing Organizational Change: A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices,” Assessing the attitudes and perception of organizational members, Derl.: Seashore, S., E. Lawler, P. Mirvis, C. Cammann (New York: John Wiley & Sons.)
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J., I. Kessler (2000), “Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey,” Journal of Management Studies, 37, ss. 903- 930.
  • Gouldner, A.W. (1960), “The norm of reciprocity,” American Sociological Review, 25, ss. 161- 178.
  • Guest, D.E., R. Conway, R. Briner, M. Dickmann (1996), The State of the Psychological Contract in Employment Issues in People Management, Report No: 16, London: Institute of Personel Directors.
  • Herriot, P., C. Pemberton (1995), “Contracting careers,” Human Relations,49,ss757-790
  • Herriot, P. (2001), The Employment Relationship, London: Routledge.
  • Herriot, P., W.E.G. Manning, J.M. Kidd (1997), “The content of the psychological contract,” British Journal of Management, 8, ss. 151- 162.
  • Huselid, M.A., N.E. Day (1991), Organizational commitment, job involvement, and turnover: a substantive and methodological analysis,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(3), ss.380-391.
  • Kanter, R.M. (1968), “Commitment and social organization: a study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities, American Sociological Review, 33(8), ss. 499-517.
  • Kingshott, R.P.J., A. Pecotich (2007), “The impact of psychological contracts on trust and commitment in supplier-distributer relationships,” European Journal of Marketing, 41 (9-10), ss. 1053-1072.
  • Kotter, J. (1973), “The psychological contract: managing the joining-up process,” California Management Review, 15(9), ss. 91- 99.
  • Lemire, L., C. Rouillard (2005), “An empirical exploration of psychological contract violation and individual behaviour: the case of Canadian federal civil servants in Quebec,” Journal of Managerial Psychology,20(2),ss.150-163.
  • Levinson, H., C. Price, K. Munden, H. Mandl, C. Solley (1962), Men, Management, and Mental Health, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Makin, P.J., C.L. Cooper, C.J. Cox (1996), Organizations and the Psychological Contract: Managing People at Work, UK: British Psychological Society.
  • Mathieu, J.E., D.M. Zajac (1990), “A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment,” Psychological Bulletin, 108, ss. 171- 194.
  • McFarlane, Shore L., L.E. Tetrick (1994), “Trends in Organizational Behavior,” The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship, Derl.: C.L. Cooper ve D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley and Sons, Inc), ss. 91-110.
  • McLean Parks, J., D.L. Kidder (1994), “Trends in Organizational Behavior,” Till Death Do Part… Changing Work Relationships in the 1990s, Derl.: C.L. Cooper ve D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley and Sons, Inc), ss. 111- 136.
  • Millward, L.J., L.J. Hopkins (1998), “Psychological contracts, and job commitment,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 28(16), ss. 1530-1556.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Brewerton (1998), Validation of the Psychological Contract Scale in an Organisational Context, University of Surrey, Guilford: SPERI Press.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Brewerton (2000), “International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology,” Psychological Contracts: Employee Relations for the 21st Century, Derl: C. Cooper ve I. Robertson (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) ss. 231-248.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Herriot (2000), “Psychological Contracts in Employment: Cross National Perspectives,” Psychological Contracts in the UK Derl.: D.M. Rousseau ve R. Schalk (New York: Sage), ss.231-248.
  • Mowday, R.T., R.M. Steers, LW. Porter (1979), “The measurement of organizational commitment,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, ss. 224- 247).
  • Mowday, R.T., L.W. Porter, R.M. Steers (1982), Employee-Organization Linkages: the Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover, NewYork: Academic Press.
  • Newstrom, J.W., K. Davis (1997), Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior At Work (10th edition), New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
  • Nicholson, N., G. Johns (1985), “The absence and the psychological contract who’s in control of absence,” Academy of Management Review, 10, ss. 397- 407.
  • O’Reilly, C., J. Chatman (1986), “Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: the effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, ss. 492- 499.
  • Pate, J., G. Martin, J. McGoldrick (2003), “The impact of psychological contract violation on employee attitudes and behavior,” Employee Relations, 25(6), ss. 557- 573.
  • Purvis, L.J., M. Cropley (2003), “Psychological contracting: processes of contract formation during intervies between nannies and their ‘employers’,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, ss. 213- 241.
  • Quinn, R.P., L.G. Shepard (1974), The 1972-1973 Quality of Employment Survey, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
  • Radford, L.M., L. Larwood (1982), “A field study of conflict in psychological contract: who’s in control of absence,” Academy of Management Review, 10, 397- 407.
  • Restubog, S.L.D., P. Bordia, R.L. Tang (2006) “Effects of psychological contract breach on performance of IT employees: the mediating role of affective commitment.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79, ss. 299- 306.
  • Robinson, S.L., M.S. Kraatz, D.M. Rousseau (1994), “Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A Longitudinal Study,” Academy of Management Journal, 37(1), ss. 397- 407.
  • Robinson, S.L., D.M. Rousseau (1994), “Violating the psychological contract: not the exception but the norm,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, ss. 245- 259.
  • Robinson, S.L., E.W. Morrison (1995), “Psychological contracts and organizational citizenship behavior: the effects of unfulfilled obligations,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, ss. 245- 259.
  • Robinson, S.L. (1996), “Trust and breach of the psychological contract,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, ss. 574- 599.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1989), “Psychological and implied contracts in organizations,” Employee Rights and Responsibilities, 2, ss. 121- 139.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1990), “New hire perceptions of their own and their employer’s obligations: a study of psychological contracts,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, ss. 389- 400.
  • Rousseau, D.M., J. McLean Parks (1993), “Research in Organizational Behavior,” The Contracts of Individuals in Organizations, Derl.: L.L. Cummings ve B.M. Staw, (15, Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Pres), ss. 1- 43.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements, London: Sage Publications.
  • Schalk, R., C. Freese (1993), “Trends in Organisational Behavior,” New Facets of Commitment in Response to Organizational Change: Research Trends and the Dutch Experience, Derl.: Cooper, C.L., D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley & Sons.) ss.107-123.
  • Schein, E.H. (1980), Organizational Psychology (3rd edition), NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Shore, L.M., K. Barksdale (1998), “Examining degree of balance and level of obligation in the employment relationship: a social Exchange approach,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, ss. 731-744.
  • Sims, R.R. (1994), “Human resource management’s role in clarifying the new psychological contract,” Human Resorce Management, 33(3), ss.373- 382.
  • Sparrow, P.R., C.L. Cooper (1998), “New organisational forms: the strategic relevance of future psychological contract scenarios,” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 15, ss. 356- 371.
  • Turnley, W.H., D.C. Feldman (1999), “The impact of psychological violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect,” Human Relations, 52(7), ss. 895- 922.
  • Vos, A., D. Buyens, R. Schalk (2005), “Making sense of a new employment relationship: psychological contract-related information seeking and the role of work values and locus of control,” International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(1), ss. 41- 52.
  • Willems, I., R. Janvier, E. Henderickx (2006), “New pay in European civil services: is the psychological contract changing?,” International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19(6), ss. 609- 621.

Psikolojik Sözleşme Ve Boyutlarının iş Tatmini Örgütsel Bağlılık Ve işten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkileri: Tibbi Satış Temsilcileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2010, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 01.03.2010

Abstract

Günümüzde örgütsel davranış yazınında işçi ve işveren ilişkileri arasındaki dengeyi anlamanın en popüler kavramlarından biri psikolojik sözleşmedir Bu çalışmada psikolojik sözleşme ve alt boyutlarının ilişkisel ve işlemsel psikolojik sözleşmeler ve psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin iş tatmini örgütsel davranış ve işten ayrılma niyeti tutumları üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasına çalışılmıştır Veriler 457 tıbbi satış elemanından anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir anket verileri istatistik programı kullanılarak test edilmiştir Araştırma sonuçları ilişkisel psikolojik sözleşmelerin iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılıkla; işlemsel psikolojik sözleşmelerin ise işten ayrılma niyeti ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiğine işaret etmektedir Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikolojik sözleşme iş tatmini örgütsel bağlılık işten ayrılma niyeti tıbbi satış temsilcisi EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT AND ITS SUB DIMENSIONS ON JOB SATISFACTION ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND INTENTION TO LEAVE: A STUDY ON MEDICAL SALES PEOPLE

References

  • Allen, N.J., J.P. Meyer (1990), “The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization,” Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, ss. 1-18.
  • Argyris, C. (1960), Understanding Organizational Behavior, London: Tavistock.
  • Arnold, J., C. Feldman (1986), Organizational Behavior, New York: McGraw- Hill International Edition Management Series.
  • Arnold, J. (1996), “The psychological contract: a concept in need of closer scrutiny?,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5 ss.511- 520.
  • Aselage, J., R. Eisenberger (2003), “Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: a theoretical integration,” Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 24(5), ss. 491- 509.
  • Becker, H.S. (1960), “Notes on the concept of commitment,” American Journal of Sociology, 66, ss. 32-40.
  • Becker, T.E. (1992), “Foci and bases of commitment: are they distinctions worth making?,” Academy of Management Journal, 35, ss. 232-244.
  • Blau, P.M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Boss, R.W. (1985), “The psychological contract: a key to effective organization development consultation. Consultation: An International Journal, 4, ss. 284- 304.
  • Cammann, C., M. Fichman, D. Jenkins, J. Klesh (1983), “Assessing Organizational Change: A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices,” Assessing the attitudes and perception of organizational members, Derl.: Seashore, S., E. Lawler, P. Mirvis, C. Cammann (New York: John Wiley & Sons.)
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J., I. Kessler (2000), “Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey,” Journal of Management Studies, 37, ss. 903- 930.
  • Gouldner, A.W. (1960), “The norm of reciprocity,” American Sociological Review, 25, ss. 161- 178.
  • Guest, D.E., R. Conway, R. Briner, M. Dickmann (1996), The State of the Psychological Contract in Employment Issues in People Management, Report No: 16, London: Institute of Personel Directors.
  • Herriot, P., C. Pemberton (1995), “Contracting careers,” Human Relations,49,ss757-790
  • Herriot, P. (2001), The Employment Relationship, London: Routledge.
  • Herriot, P., W.E.G. Manning, J.M. Kidd (1997), “The content of the psychological contract,” British Journal of Management, 8, ss. 151- 162.
  • Huselid, M.A., N.E. Day (1991), Organizational commitment, job involvement, and turnover: a substantive and methodological analysis,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(3), ss.380-391.
  • Kanter, R.M. (1968), “Commitment and social organization: a study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities, American Sociological Review, 33(8), ss. 499-517.
  • Kingshott, R.P.J., A. Pecotich (2007), “The impact of psychological contracts on trust and commitment in supplier-distributer relationships,” European Journal of Marketing, 41 (9-10), ss. 1053-1072.
  • Kotter, J. (1973), “The psychological contract: managing the joining-up process,” California Management Review, 15(9), ss. 91- 99.
  • Lemire, L., C. Rouillard (2005), “An empirical exploration of psychological contract violation and individual behaviour: the case of Canadian federal civil servants in Quebec,” Journal of Managerial Psychology,20(2),ss.150-163.
  • Levinson, H., C. Price, K. Munden, H. Mandl, C. Solley (1962), Men, Management, and Mental Health, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Makin, P.J., C.L. Cooper, C.J. Cox (1996), Organizations and the Psychological Contract: Managing People at Work, UK: British Psychological Society.
  • Mathieu, J.E., D.M. Zajac (1990), “A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment,” Psychological Bulletin, 108, ss. 171- 194.
  • McFarlane, Shore L., L.E. Tetrick (1994), “Trends in Organizational Behavior,” The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship, Derl.: C.L. Cooper ve D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley and Sons, Inc), ss. 91-110.
  • McLean Parks, J., D.L. Kidder (1994), “Trends in Organizational Behavior,” Till Death Do Part… Changing Work Relationships in the 1990s, Derl.: C.L. Cooper ve D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley and Sons, Inc), ss. 111- 136.
  • Millward, L.J., L.J. Hopkins (1998), “Psychological contracts, and job commitment,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 28(16), ss. 1530-1556.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Brewerton (1998), Validation of the Psychological Contract Scale in an Organisational Context, University of Surrey, Guilford: SPERI Press.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Brewerton (2000), “International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology,” Psychological Contracts: Employee Relations for the 21st Century, Derl: C. Cooper ve I. Robertson (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) ss. 231-248.
  • Millward, L.J., P. Herriot (2000), “Psychological Contracts in Employment: Cross National Perspectives,” Psychological Contracts in the UK Derl.: D.M. Rousseau ve R. Schalk (New York: Sage), ss.231-248.
  • Mowday, R.T., R.M. Steers, LW. Porter (1979), “The measurement of organizational commitment,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, ss. 224- 247).
  • Mowday, R.T., L.W. Porter, R.M. Steers (1982), Employee-Organization Linkages: the Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover, NewYork: Academic Press.
  • Newstrom, J.W., K. Davis (1997), Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior At Work (10th edition), New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
  • Nicholson, N., G. Johns (1985), “The absence and the psychological contract who’s in control of absence,” Academy of Management Review, 10, ss. 397- 407.
  • O’Reilly, C., J. Chatman (1986), “Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: the effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, ss. 492- 499.
  • Pate, J., G. Martin, J. McGoldrick (2003), “The impact of psychological contract violation on employee attitudes and behavior,” Employee Relations, 25(6), ss. 557- 573.
  • Purvis, L.J., M. Cropley (2003), “Psychological contracting: processes of contract formation during intervies between nannies and their ‘employers’,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, ss. 213- 241.
  • Quinn, R.P., L.G. Shepard (1974), The 1972-1973 Quality of Employment Survey, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
  • Radford, L.M., L. Larwood (1982), “A field study of conflict in psychological contract: who’s in control of absence,” Academy of Management Review, 10, 397- 407.
  • Restubog, S.L.D., P. Bordia, R.L. Tang (2006) “Effects of psychological contract breach on performance of IT employees: the mediating role of affective commitment.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79, ss. 299- 306.
  • Robinson, S.L., M.S. Kraatz, D.M. Rousseau (1994), “Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A Longitudinal Study,” Academy of Management Journal, 37(1), ss. 397- 407.
  • Robinson, S.L., D.M. Rousseau (1994), “Violating the psychological contract: not the exception but the norm,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, ss. 245- 259.
  • Robinson, S.L., E.W. Morrison (1995), “Psychological contracts and organizational citizenship behavior: the effects of unfulfilled obligations,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, ss. 245- 259.
  • Robinson, S.L. (1996), “Trust and breach of the psychological contract,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, ss. 574- 599.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1989), “Psychological and implied contracts in organizations,” Employee Rights and Responsibilities, 2, ss. 121- 139.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1990), “New hire perceptions of their own and their employer’s obligations: a study of psychological contracts,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, ss. 389- 400.
  • Rousseau, D.M., J. McLean Parks (1993), “Research in Organizational Behavior,” The Contracts of Individuals in Organizations, Derl.: L.L. Cummings ve B.M. Staw, (15, Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Pres), ss. 1- 43.
  • Rousseau, D.M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements, London: Sage Publications.
  • Schalk, R., C. Freese (1993), “Trends in Organisational Behavior,” New Facets of Commitment in Response to Organizational Change: Research Trends and the Dutch Experience, Derl.: Cooper, C.L., D.M. Rousseau, (Chicester: John Wiley & Sons.) ss.107-123.
  • Schein, E.H. (1980), Organizational Psychology (3rd edition), NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Shore, L.M., K. Barksdale (1998), “Examining degree of balance and level of obligation in the employment relationship: a social Exchange approach,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, ss. 731-744.
  • Sims, R.R. (1994), “Human resource management’s role in clarifying the new psychological contract,” Human Resorce Management, 33(3), ss.373- 382.
  • Sparrow, P.R., C.L. Cooper (1998), “New organisational forms: the strategic relevance of future psychological contract scenarios,” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 15, ss. 356- 371.
  • Turnley, W.H., D.C. Feldman (1999), “The impact of psychological violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect,” Human Relations, 52(7), ss. 895- 922.
  • Vos, A., D. Buyens, R. Schalk (2005), “Making sense of a new employment relationship: psychological contract-related information seeking and the role of work values and locus of control,” International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(1), ss. 41- 52.
  • Willems, I., R. Janvier, E. Henderickx (2006), “New pay in European civil services: is the psychological contract changing?,” International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19(6), ss. 609- 621.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dr. Hande Mimaroğlu Özgen This is me

Prof.Dr. Hüseyin Özgen This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2010
Submission Date December 29, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özgen, D. H. M., & Özgen, P. H. (2010). Psikolojik Sözleşme Ve Boyutlarının iş Tatmini Örgütsel Bağlılık Ve işten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkileri: Tibbi Satış Temsilcileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 1-19.