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Arthur Miller’in Death Of A Salesman Oyununda Modern Bir Trajik Kahraman

Year 2012, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 85 - 99, 01.09.2012

Abstract

This paper discusses Arthur Miller’s character Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman in terms of his being a tragic hero There are several debates on Willy Loman pointing out that he is not a tragic hero in classical tragedy The classical definition of a tragedy points out that tragedy is a story of exceptional calamity leading to the death of a man of high estate because of his tragic flaw Still Loman cannot be totally considered as a classical tragic hero since he is a common man He is indeed a modern tragic hero in 1940’s America whose desire is to be “someone” in the society His problems stem from his own delusions the American Dream turning sour and misunderstanding his job and family Loman is a modern tragic hero turning the American dream into American Nightmare because of his personal flaw For those reasons this play can be classified as a bourgeois tragedy This modern tragic hero represents individuals who try to survive and quest for self identity in a capitalistic commercialized world Key Words: American dream tragedy modern tragic hero Özet: Bu çalışma Arthur Miller’ın Death of a Salesman adlı oyunundaki karakter Willy Loman’nın trajik bir kahraman olmasını tartışır Willy Loman’nın klasik trajedi tanımına göre trajik bir kahraman sayılamayacağı ile ilgili birçok görüş ileri sürülür Klasik Trajedi tanımına göre “trajedi trajik bir karakterin kendi hatası yüzünden yüksek bir mevkiden düşerek ölüm ile sonuçlanan istisnai bir felaket hikayesidir” Yine de Loman tamamen klasik trajik bir kahraman olarak düşünülemez çünkü o sıradan bir insandır Gerçekte o toplumda “birisi” olma isteği olan 1940’ların Amerika’sındaki modern bir trajik kahramandır Problemleri kendi yanılsamalarından işinin ve ailesinin yanlış anlaşılmasından dolayı Amerikan Rüyasının gerçekleşmemesiyle ortaya çıkar Loman kişisel hatası yüzünden Amerikan Rüyasını Amerikan Kabusuna dönüştüren modern bir trajik kahramandır Bu sebeplerden dolayı oyun “burjuvazi trajedisi” olarak sınıflandırılabilinir Bahsettiğimiz modern trajik kahraman hayatta kalabilme mücadelesi veren ve sanayileşmiş kapitalist bir dünyada kendi kimliklerini bulmaya çalışan bireyleri temsil eder Anahtar Kelimeler: Amerikan Rüyası trajedi modern trajik kahraman

References

  • ALPAN, Gülgün, 2008. “Görsel Okuryazarlık ve Öğretim Teknolojileri”, Yüzüncü Yıl
  • Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:V, Sayı:II, (ss:74-102). ARONOWİTZ, S. Giroux, H. A. 1985. Education under siege: the conservative, liberal, and radical debate over schooling, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • BAMFORD, Anne, 2003. “The Visual Literacy White Paper”, Art and Design
  • University of Technology, Australia, Sydney, ss.1-8, http://www.adobe.com/uk/education/pdf/adobe_visual_literacy_paper.pdf, 14.01.2011.
  • BEN-PASSAT, Malka, 2010. “Graduates Studies in Visual Literacy in Education”,
  • Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, www.smkb.ac.il/visual- literacy-edu, 23.02.2010.
  • BLEED, Ron, 2005. “Visual Literacy in Higher Education”, Educause Learning In
  • İtiative Advancing Learning Through İnnovation, Maricopa, Arizona, USA, (ss:1-14), s.6, August, http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI4001.pdf. 23.02.2010.
  • BRADEN, R.A., Hortin J.A. 1982. “Identfying the Theoretical Foundations of Visual
  • Literacy”. Journal of Visual/Verbal Language, 2, (ss:37-42). BRIZEE, H. Allen, 2003. “Teachıng Vısual Lıteracy And Document Desıgn In Fırst
  • Year Composıtıon”, March 31, Blacksburg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. DARDER, A. , M. Baltodano ve R. D. Torres, 2003. “Critical Pedagogy: An
  • Introduction”, The Critical Pedaogy Reader, (Der. Antonia Darder, Marta Baltodana ve Rodolfo D. Torres, New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:1-21). DEBES, John. L. 1968. “Some foundations for visual literacy”, Audiovisual Instruction, , (ss:961-964).
  • DENZİN, Norman K. 2003. Performance ETHNOGRAPHY Critical Pedagogy and the Politics of Culture, 1. Baskı, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • DONDİS, Donis A, 1974. A Primer Of Visual Literacy, 1. Baskı, Amerika: The MIT Press.
  • FRANSECKY, R. B. ve Debes, J. L. 1972. “Visual literacy: A way to learn-A way to teach”, Washington, DC:Association for Educational Commınications and Technology.
  • (pp.1-35). http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED064884.pdf. 23.02.2010.
  • FELTEN, Peter, 2008. “Visual Literacy”, Change November-December, (ss:60-64).
  • GİROUX, Henry A. 2003. “Critical Theoriy and Educational Practice”, The Critical
  • Pedagogy Reader, (Der. Antonia Darder, Marta Baltodano ve Rodolfo D. Torres), New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:27-56), GİROUX, Henry A., 2004. “Education after Abu-Gharib: Revisting Adorno’s Politics of Education”, Cultural Studies, 18(6), (ss:779-815).
  • GİROUX, Henry A., 2007. Eleştirel Pedagoji ve Neoliberalizm, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • GİROUX, Henry A. 2008. Eleştirel Pedagojinin Vaadi, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • İNAL, Kemal, 2004. “Eleştirel Pedagoji: Eğitim(d)e Modern Özgürleştirici Bir
  • Yaklaşım”, http://dergi.alternatifegitimdernegi.org.tr/tr//content/view. 29.07.2010.
  • KELLNER, Daugles, 2002. Critical Perspectives on Visual Imagery in Media and Cyberculture, USA: Journal of Visual Literacy, V:22, Number 1, 81-90, Los Angeles, Colifornia, Spring.
  • LOHR, Linda L, 2008. Lesson in Visual Literacy. Creating Graphics for Learning and Performance, 1. Baskı, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio USA: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • LOWE, Richard, 2000. “Visual Literacy and Learning in Science”, ERIC Clearinghouse for http://www.ericdigests.org. 29.07.2010.
  • McLAREN, Peter, Paulo Freire, 1995. Critical Pedagogy and Predatory Culture, 11.
  • Baskı, London and New York: Rotlenge,. McLAREN, Peter, 2003. “Critical Pedagogy: A Look at the Major Concepts”, The Critical Pedagogy Reader, (Der.A. Darder vd.D. Torres), New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:69-96).
  • MOORE, D. M. ve Dwyer, F. M. 1994. “Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning”. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.
  • PETTERSSON, Rune, 1993. Visual İnformation, Edicational Technology Publications
  • Inc. Englewood Cliffs, II. Baskı, Printed in the United States of Amerika, New Jersey, June. POPKEWİTZ, Thomas S. 1999. Critical Theories In Education: Changing Terrains of
  • Knowledge and Politics. 3. Baskı, Printed in the united states of America on acid-free paper. Published in Great Britiain by Routledge. SANDLİN, Jennifer A., Peter McLaren, 2010. Critical Pedagogis Of Consumption, 1.
  • Baskı, USA: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. SHOLLE, D. 1994. “The Theory of Critical Media Pedagogy”, Journal of
  • Communication Inquiry, 18(2), (ss: 8-29). SPRİNG, Joel, 1997. Özgür Eğitim, (Çev.A. Ekmekçi), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • SROUFE, Gerald E., 2004. The Arts and Education: New Opportunities for
  • Research, 1. Baskı, Washington: Arts Education Partnership. WİNK, Joan, 2005. Critical Pedagogy, 1. Baskı, USA: Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Education Columbus OH,

GÖRSEL OKURYAZARLIK VE ELEŞTİREL PEDAGOJİ: Sanatın Toplumsal ve Pedagojik Temellerine Gelecekçi Bir Bakış

Year 2012, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 85 - 99, 01.09.2012

Abstract

Sosyal içeriği yoğun durumdaki sanat ve sanat eğitiminin daha çok sosyalleşmesine ve içselleştirilmesine hizmet edebilecek içeriklere sahip olan görsel okuryazarlık ve eleştirel pedagojinin sağladığı ayrıcalık, sanatsal bilgiye ve deneyime sahip olma niteliği ile ilgilidir. Her türden iletişimsel bilgiyi oluşturan unsurlardaki kodlanmış anlamları ve sosyolojik anlamları niteleyen görsel okuryazarlık ve eleştirel pedagoji sanat üretimi, tüketimi ve de sanat eğitimi ile ilişkilendirilebilecek bir karakter açılımını yansıtabilmektedir. Fonksiyonel bir okuryazarlık ve yaşam biçimi ile hayatın sunduğu yaşam oyununda gerçek bir aktris ve dünyaya yüksek seviyede sanatsal bakabilmenin olanaklarını sunan görsel okuryazarlık ve eleştirel pedagojinin ortak bileşenleri, yaşam boyu sanat eğitimi ideali için, sanatın toplumsal açılımlarına imkân sağlamakla birlikte aynı zamanda sanat ve sanatsal üretimlerin toplumsal ve pedagojik temellerinin incelenmesine olanak tanıyan bir model de ortaya koyabilmektedir.

References

  • ALPAN, Gülgün, 2008. “Görsel Okuryazarlık ve Öğretim Teknolojileri”, Yüzüncü Yıl
  • Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:V, Sayı:II, (ss:74-102). ARONOWİTZ, S. Giroux, H. A. 1985. Education under siege: the conservative, liberal, and radical debate over schooling, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • BAMFORD, Anne, 2003. “The Visual Literacy White Paper”, Art and Design
  • University of Technology, Australia, Sydney, ss.1-8, http://www.adobe.com/uk/education/pdf/adobe_visual_literacy_paper.pdf, 14.01.2011.
  • BEN-PASSAT, Malka, 2010. “Graduates Studies in Visual Literacy in Education”,
  • Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, www.smkb.ac.il/visual- literacy-edu, 23.02.2010.
  • BLEED, Ron, 2005. “Visual Literacy in Higher Education”, Educause Learning In
  • İtiative Advancing Learning Through İnnovation, Maricopa, Arizona, USA, (ss:1-14), s.6, August, http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI4001.pdf. 23.02.2010.
  • BRADEN, R.A., Hortin J.A. 1982. “Identfying the Theoretical Foundations of Visual
  • Literacy”. Journal of Visual/Verbal Language, 2, (ss:37-42). BRIZEE, H. Allen, 2003. “Teachıng Vısual Lıteracy And Document Desıgn In Fırst
  • Year Composıtıon”, March 31, Blacksburg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. DARDER, A. , M. Baltodano ve R. D. Torres, 2003. “Critical Pedagogy: An
  • Introduction”, The Critical Pedaogy Reader, (Der. Antonia Darder, Marta Baltodana ve Rodolfo D. Torres, New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:1-21). DEBES, John. L. 1968. “Some foundations for visual literacy”, Audiovisual Instruction, , (ss:961-964).
  • DENZİN, Norman K. 2003. Performance ETHNOGRAPHY Critical Pedagogy and the Politics of Culture, 1. Baskı, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • DONDİS, Donis A, 1974. A Primer Of Visual Literacy, 1. Baskı, Amerika: The MIT Press.
  • FRANSECKY, R. B. ve Debes, J. L. 1972. “Visual literacy: A way to learn-A way to teach”, Washington, DC:Association for Educational Commınications and Technology.
  • (pp.1-35). http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED064884.pdf. 23.02.2010.
  • FELTEN, Peter, 2008. “Visual Literacy”, Change November-December, (ss:60-64).
  • GİROUX, Henry A. 2003. “Critical Theoriy and Educational Practice”, The Critical
  • Pedagogy Reader, (Der. Antonia Darder, Marta Baltodano ve Rodolfo D. Torres), New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:27-56), GİROUX, Henry A., 2004. “Education after Abu-Gharib: Revisting Adorno’s Politics of Education”, Cultural Studies, 18(6), (ss:779-815).
  • GİROUX, Henry A., 2007. Eleştirel Pedagoji ve Neoliberalizm, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • GİROUX, Henry A. 2008. Eleştirel Pedagojinin Vaadi, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • İNAL, Kemal, 2004. “Eleştirel Pedagoji: Eğitim(d)e Modern Özgürleştirici Bir
  • Yaklaşım”, http://dergi.alternatifegitimdernegi.org.tr/tr//content/view. 29.07.2010.
  • KELLNER, Daugles, 2002. Critical Perspectives on Visual Imagery in Media and Cyberculture, USA: Journal of Visual Literacy, V:22, Number 1, 81-90, Los Angeles, Colifornia, Spring.
  • LOHR, Linda L, 2008. Lesson in Visual Literacy. Creating Graphics for Learning and Performance, 1. Baskı, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio USA: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • LOWE, Richard, 2000. “Visual Literacy and Learning in Science”, ERIC Clearinghouse for http://www.ericdigests.org. 29.07.2010.
  • McLAREN, Peter, Paulo Freire, 1995. Critical Pedagogy and Predatory Culture, 11.
  • Baskı, London and New York: Rotlenge,. McLAREN, Peter, 2003. “Critical Pedagogy: A Look at the Major Concepts”, The Critical Pedagogy Reader, (Der.A. Darder vd.D. Torres), New York: Routledge Falmer, (ss:69-96).
  • MOORE, D. M. ve Dwyer, F. M. 1994. “Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning”. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.
  • PETTERSSON, Rune, 1993. Visual İnformation, Edicational Technology Publications
  • Inc. Englewood Cliffs, II. Baskı, Printed in the United States of Amerika, New Jersey, June. POPKEWİTZ, Thomas S. 1999. Critical Theories In Education: Changing Terrains of
  • Knowledge and Politics. 3. Baskı, Printed in the united states of America on acid-free paper. Published in Great Britiain by Routledge. SANDLİN, Jennifer A., Peter McLaren, 2010. Critical Pedagogis Of Consumption, 1.
  • Baskı, USA: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. SHOLLE, D. 1994. “The Theory of Critical Media Pedagogy”, Journal of
  • Communication Inquiry, 18(2), (ss: 8-29). SPRİNG, Joel, 1997. Özgür Eğitim, (Çev.A. Ekmekçi), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • SROUFE, Gerald E., 2004. The Arts and Education: New Opportunities for
  • Research, 1. Baskı, Washington: Arts Education Partnership. WİNK, Joan, 2005. Critical Pedagogy, 1. Baskı, USA: Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Education Columbus OH,
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Assist. Prof. Dr. B. Ayça Ülker Erkan This is me

Ata Yakup Kaptan This is me

Hasbi Aslan This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2012
Submission Date December 29, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 21 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Erkan, A. P. D. B. A. Ü., Kaptan, A. Y., & Aslan, H. (2012). GÖRSEL OKURYAZARLIK VE ELEŞTİREL PEDAGOJİ: Sanatın Toplumsal ve Pedagojik Temellerine Gelecekçi Bir Bakış. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3), 85-99.