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CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY THROUGH BODYBUILDING A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 83 - 91, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.773123

Abstract

The body is a factor that makes men feel masculine and the role of the body in the construction of masculinity is undeniable. Bodybuilding has many features that are associated with masculinity such as performance, strength, muscular appearance, endurance. To determine how male bodybuilding athletes construct masculinity through the body that they build and whether choosing this sport has meaning in terms of masculinity. Data were collected by focus group interview with a social constructional stance. The participants of the study were 4 elite male bodybuilding athletes. Participants were joined the common discourse that the ideal male body is more muscular and bulky and bulky body is frightening so the aim of bodybuilding is being more muscular and bulky for them. Bodybuilding is thought as an area that masculinity can be constructed and they were evaluate their new bodies as a factor of respect and power. Bodybuilding is represents the strength, power, and competence characteristics associated with masculinity, and is considered to be an area that men can build a muscular appearance that is the ideal body shape. In other words, through bodybuilding they use their bodies to construct masculinity.

References

  • Arkonaç, S. A. (2017). Psikolojide Söz ve Anlam Analizi: Niteliksel Duruş. İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları
  • Back, MD., Schmukle, SC., Egloff, B. (2010). Why are Narcissistis so Charming at First Sight? Decoding The Narcissism-Popularity Link at Zero Acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Soial Psychology. 98 (1), 132-145.
  • Bahrke, SM. (2005). Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. International Journal Of Sports And Exercise Psychology. 3(4), 428-445.
  • Blouin, GA., Goldfield, GS (1995). Body Image and Steroid Use In Male Bodybuilders. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 18(2), 159-165.
  • Buffardi, L. E., Campbell, W.K (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 10, 1303-1314.
  • Cafri, G., Thompson, K., Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Smolak, L., Yesalis, C. (2005). Pursuit Of The Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factor. Clinical Psychology Review. 25, 215-239.
  • Carroll, L. (1989). A Comparative Study Of Narcissism, Gender, and Sex-Role Orientation Among Bodybuilders, Athletes, and Psychology Students. Psychological Reports. 64(3), 999–1006.
  • Foster, CA., Shorter, WG., Griffiths, DG., Griffiths, DM. (2015). Muscle Dysmorphia: Could it be Classified as an Addition to Body Image. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 4(1), 1-5.
  • Furnham, A., Badmin, N., Seneade, I. (2002). Body Image Dissatisfaction: Gender Differences in Eating Attitudes, Self Esteem and Reasons for Exercise. The Journal of Psychology. 136(6), 581–596.
  • Grogan, S., Richards, H. (2002). Body Image: Focus Groups with Boys and Men. Men and Masculinities. 4(3), 219–232.
  • Hallsworth, L., Wade, T., Tiggeman, M. (2005). Individual Differences in Male Body Image: An Examination of Self Objectification in Recreational Bodybuilders. Br J Health Psychol. 10(3),453-65.
  • Karaçam, MŞ. (2015). Vücut Geliştirme Alanında Erkeklik Kimliğinin İnşasında Besin Desteğini Yeri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Programı/Ankara.
  • Mishkind, ME., Rodin, J., Silberstein, LR., Striegel-Moore, RH. (1986). The Embodiment of Masculinity: Cultural, Psychological, and Behavioral Dimensions. American Behavioural Scientist, 29, 545–562.
  • Mosley, FE. (2009). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and Muscle Dysmorphia. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 17, 191-98.
  • Pasman, L., Thompson, JK. (1988). Body Image and Eating Disturbance in Obligatory Runners, Obligatory Weightlifters and Sedentary Individuals. lnt J Eat Disord, 7(6),759-769.
  • Ploeg, GE, Brooks, AG., Withers, RT., Dolman, J., Leaney, F., Chatterton, BE. (2001). Body Composition Changes in Female Bodybuilders During Preparation for Competition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 55, 268-77.
  • Pope, HG. Jr., Gruber, AJ., Mangweth, B., Bureau, B., deCol, C., Jouvent, R., Hudson, JI. (2000). Body Image Perception Among Men in Three Countries. American Journal of Psychiatry. 157, 1297–1301.
  • Porcerelli, HJ., Sandler, AB. (1995). Narcissism and Empathy in Steroid Users. Am J Psychiatry, 152, 1672-1674.
  • Ray, ÇP., Demirkol, EM., Tamam, L. (2012). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 4(4),547-565.
  • Santarnecchi, E., Déttore, D. (2012). Muscle Dysmorphia In Different Digrees of Bodybuilding Activities: Valifdation of the Italian Version of Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory and Bodybuilder Image Grid. Body Image. 9, 396-403.
  • Stoviks, R. (2006). The Emancipation of Bodybuilding. Sports in Society, 9(3), 463-479.
  • Tazegül, Ü., Güven, Ö. (2015). Vücut Geli̇şti̇rme Sporcuları ile Farkli Spor Dallarındaki̇ Eli̇t Sporcuların Ve Spor Yapmayan Bi̇reyleri̇n Narsi̇si̇zm Sevi̇yeleri̇ni̇n Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 33, 465-473.
  • Tazegül, Ü. (2013). Farklı Branştaki Sporcuların Narsisizm Düzeyleri ile Sosyo-Demografik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(1), 23-32.
  • Vazire, S., Naumann LP., Rentfrow, PJ. Gosling, SD. (2008). Portrait of a Narcissist: Manifestations of Narcissism In Physical Appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439–1447.

VÜCUT GELİŞTİRME ARACILIĞI İLE ERKEKLİK İNŞASI: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 83 - 91, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.773123

Abstract

Beden erkeksi hissetmeyi sağlayan ve erkeklik inşasında rolü olan bir etkendir. Vücut geliştirme performans, güç, kaslı görünüş, dayanıklılık gibi erkeklikle özdeşleşen birçok özelliğe sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı erkek vücut geliştirme sporcularının inşa ettikleri beden aracılığı ile erkekliği nasıl yapılandırdıkları ve bu spor dalını seçmenin erkeksilik açısından anlamı olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın verileri sosyal inşacı bir duruşla, odak grup görüşmesi yapılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 4 elit erkek vücut geliştirme sporcusu oluşturmuştur. Çalışma bulgularına göre katılımcılar daha kaslı ve daha büyük olmak amacıyla vücut geliştirmeye başladığını ve ideal erkek bedeninin büyük, korkutucu olduğu ortak söyleminde birleşmiştir. Ayrıca vücut geliştirme katılımcılar için erkeklik inşa edebilecekleri bir alan olarak düşünülmekte ve inşa ettikleri yeni bedenleri bir saygı unsuru, güç sembolü olarak değerlendirmektedir. Vücut geliştirme katılımcılar için erkeklikle özdeşleşen güç, kuvvet, yetkinlik özelliklerini temsil etmekte, erkeklerin ideal beden şekli olan kaslı görünüm inşa edebilecekleri bir alan olarak düşünülmektedir. Bir başka anlatımla katılımcılar bu spor aracılığı ile erkeklik inşasında bedenlerini kullanmaktadırlar.

References

  • Arkonaç, S. A. (2017). Psikolojide Söz ve Anlam Analizi: Niteliksel Duruş. İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları
  • Back, MD., Schmukle, SC., Egloff, B. (2010). Why are Narcissistis so Charming at First Sight? Decoding The Narcissism-Popularity Link at Zero Acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Soial Psychology. 98 (1), 132-145.
  • Bahrke, SM. (2005). Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. International Journal Of Sports And Exercise Psychology. 3(4), 428-445.
  • Blouin, GA., Goldfield, GS (1995). Body Image and Steroid Use In Male Bodybuilders. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 18(2), 159-165.
  • Buffardi, L. E., Campbell, W.K (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 10, 1303-1314.
  • Cafri, G., Thompson, K., Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Smolak, L., Yesalis, C. (2005). Pursuit Of The Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factor. Clinical Psychology Review. 25, 215-239.
  • Carroll, L. (1989). A Comparative Study Of Narcissism, Gender, and Sex-Role Orientation Among Bodybuilders, Athletes, and Psychology Students. Psychological Reports. 64(3), 999–1006.
  • Foster, CA., Shorter, WG., Griffiths, DG., Griffiths, DM. (2015). Muscle Dysmorphia: Could it be Classified as an Addition to Body Image. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 4(1), 1-5.
  • Furnham, A., Badmin, N., Seneade, I. (2002). Body Image Dissatisfaction: Gender Differences in Eating Attitudes, Self Esteem and Reasons for Exercise. The Journal of Psychology. 136(6), 581–596.
  • Grogan, S., Richards, H. (2002). Body Image: Focus Groups with Boys and Men. Men and Masculinities. 4(3), 219–232.
  • Hallsworth, L., Wade, T., Tiggeman, M. (2005). Individual Differences in Male Body Image: An Examination of Self Objectification in Recreational Bodybuilders. Br J Health Psychol. 10(3),453-65.
  • Karaçam, MŞ. (2015). Vücut Geliştirme Alanında Erkeklik Kimliğinin İnşasında Besin Desteğini Yeri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi/Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Programı/Ankara.
  • Mishkind, ME., Rodin, J., Silberstein, LR., Striegel-Moore, RH. (1986). The Embodiment of Masculinity: Cultural, Psychological, and Behavioral Dimensions. American Behavioural Scientist, 29, 545–562.
  • Mosley, FE. (2009). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and Muscle Dysmorphia. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 17, 191-98.
  • Pasman, L., Thompson, JK. (1988). Body Image and Eating Disturbance in Obligatory Runners, Obligatory Weightlifters and Sedentary Individuals. lnt J Eat Disord, 7(6),759-769.
  • Ploeg, GE, Brooks, AG., Withers, RT., Dolman, J., Leaney, F., Chatterton, BE. (2001). Body Composition Changes in Female Bodybuilders During Preparation for Competition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 55, 268-77.
  • Pope, HG. Jr., Gruber, AJ., Mangweth, B., Bureau, B., deCol, C., Jouvent, R., Hudson, JI. (2000). Body Image Perception Among Men in Three Countries. American Journal of Psychiatry. 157, 1297–1301.
  • Porcerelli, HJ., Sandler, AB. (1995). Narcissism and Empathy in Steroid Users. Am J Psychiatry, 152, 1672-1674.
  • Ray, ÇP., Demirkol, EM., Tamam, L. (2012). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 4(4),547-565.
  • Santarnecchi, E., Déttore, D. (2012). Muscle Dysmorphia In Different Digrees of Bodybuilding Activities: Valifdation of the Italian Version of Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory and Bodybuilder Image Grid. Body Image. 9, 396-403.
  • Stoviks, R. (2006). The Emancipation of Bodybuilding. Sports in Society, 9(3), 463-479.
  • Tazegül, Ü., Güven, Ö. (2015). Vücut Geli̇şti̇rme Sporcuları ile Farkli Spor Dallarındaki̇ Eli̇t Sporcuların Ve Spor Yapmayan Bi̇reyleri̇n Narsi̇si̇zm Sevi̇yeleri̇ni̇n Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 33, 465-473.
  • Tazegül, Ü. (2013). Farklı Branştaki Sporcuların Narsisizm Düzeyleri ile Sosyo-Demografik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(1), 23-32.
  • Vazire, S., Naumann LP., Rentfrow, PJ. Gosling, SD. (2008). Portrait of a Narcissist: Manifestations of Narcissism In Physical Appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439–1447.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bingül Subaşı 0000-0003-3633-622X

Zihniye Okray 0000-0002-9117-4991

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Submission Date July 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 30 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Subaşı, B., & Okray, Z. (2021). CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY THROUGH BODYBUILDING A QUALITATIVE STUDY. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.773123