Research Article
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THE ASYMMETRIC CROWDING-OUT EFFECT OF FINANCING BUDGET DEFICITS THROUGH DOMESTIC BORROWING ON HOUSING INVESTMENTS

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 775 - 791, 20.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1488987

Abstract

This study examines the impact of the increase in public domestic debt stock in the 2013-2024 period on the decrease in housing investments, which have a significant share in total investments. The difference of the study from existing literature is that it examines the relationship between domestic debt stock and housing investments, which have a significant share in total private investments. The study utilizes growth rates and real exchange rates as key control variables to determine their influence on investment. Findings indicate that the increase in public domestic debt stock creates an asymmetric crowding-out effect on housing investments by reducing mortgaged home sales in both the long term and short term. Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model was used to calculate the asymmetric effects. According to the results of the empirical analysis,, a one-unit increase in the domestic borrowing rate is estimated to reduce mortgaged house sales by 0.22 units in the long term, whereas a one-unit decrease in domestic borrowing is estimated to increase mortgaged home sales by 0.47 units. In the short term, an increase in public domestic borrowing by a one-unit is found to decrease housing investments by 0.57 units, while a decrease in domestic borrowing byone-unit result in an increase in housing investments by 0.47 units. In addition, the error correction coefficient is -0.66, which suggests that a short-term deviation will be corrected in approximately two quarters.

References

  • Acosta, P ve Loza, A. (2005, November). Short and long run determinants of private investment in Argentina., Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2005.12040634
  • Ahmed, H ve Miller, SM. (2000). Crowding-out and crowding-ın effects of the components of government expenditure. Contemporary Economic Policy, 18(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.111/j.1465-7287.2000.tb00011.x
  • Akkina, KR ve Çelebi, MA. (2002). The Determinants of private fixed ınvestment and the relationship between public and private capital accumulation in Turkey. The Pakistan Development Review, 41(3), 243-254. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41260468
  • Altunç, ÖF ve Şentürk, B. (2010, Ocak-Haziran). Türkiye’de özel yatırımlar ve kamu yatırımları arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik analizi: sınır testi yaklaşımı. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 531-546.
  • Atukeren, E. (2005).Interactions between publican and private ınvestment: evidence from developing countries. KYKLOS, 58 (3), 307-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00290.x
  • Atakuren E. (2010). Politico-economic determinants of the crowding-in effects of public ınvestments in developing countries. Journal of Money, Investment and Banking, 13, 55-73. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005118427
  • Barro, RJ. (1989). A cross-country study of growth, saving, and government. NBER Working Paper, w2855, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1-57. DOI 10.3386/w2855
  • Başar, S ve Temurlenk, MS. (2007). Investigating crowding-out effect of government spending for turkey: a structural var approach. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 95-104.
  • Bilgili, F. (2003). Dynamic ımplications of fiscal policy: crowding out or crowding ın. international conference in economics vıı, f5 fiscal policy, public and private expenditures, Middle East Technical University (METU-ERC). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24111/1/MPRA_paper_24111.pdf
  • Carlson, KM. ve Spencer, RW. (1975). Crowding out and its critics. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2-17. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6958282.pdf Czarnitzki D. ve Fier A. (2002). do ınnovation subsidies crowd out private ınvestment? evidence from the german service sector. Konjunkturpolitik-Applied Economics Quarterly, 48(1), 1-25. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/24802. Dornbusch, R. ve Fischer S. (1998). Makroekonomi. McGraw-Hill – Akademi.
  • Durkaya, M, Ceylan, S. ve Beken, O. (2010). Kamu borçlanması kamu yatırımlarını dışlıyor mu?. Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 74 (21), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1173304
  • Durkaya, M. (2012, Temmuz-Aralık). Türkiye’de kamu harcamaları ve özel tüketim ilişkisi. Maliye Dergisi, 163, 118-129.
  • Erden, L ve Holcombe RG. (2005). The Effects of public ınvestment on private ınvestment in developing economies. Public Finance Review, 33 (5), 575-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142105277627
  • Fayed, ME. (2012). Crowding out effect of public borrowing: the case of egypt. Current Economic Issues, Joint Research Workshop, Paris 1 University and Cairo University, faculty of economics and political science,
  • Frimpong, JM., Marbuah, G. (2010). The Determinants of private sector ınvestment in Ghana: an ardl approach. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (2), 250-261.
  • Hansson, P ve Henrekson, M. (1994, December). A new framework for testing the effect of government spending on growth and productivity. Public Choice, 81(3-4), 381-401. DOI:10.1007/BF01053239.
  • Hatano T. (2010). Crowding - in effect of public ınvestment on private ınvestment. Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, 6 (1), 105-120.
  • Hussain, A, Mohammad, SD., Akram, K. ve Lal I. (2009, January). Effectiveness of government expenditure crowding-in or crowding-out: an empirical evidence in case of Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. 16, 141-147.
  • İsmihan, M., Kıvılcım MÖ., ve Tansel, A. (2005, August). The Role of macroeconomic ınstability in public and private capital accumulation and growth: the case of Turkey 1963-1999. Applied Economics, 37(2), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000286115
  • Kalem, A. (2015). Türkiye’deki kamu yatırımlarının özel sektör yatırımlarına etkisinin incelenmesi. (Uzmanlık tezi). Kalkınma Bakanlığı.
  • Karagöz, K. (2010, Haziran). Determining factors of private ınvestments: an empirical analysis for Turkey. Sosyoekonomi, 11(11), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.17233/se.83416
  • Kesbiç, CY. (1998). 1980 sonrası dönemde kamu kesiminin özel kesimi dışlama etkisi: bir model analizi. D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13 (II), 147-161.
  • Khan, S. ve Khan, M.A. (2007). What determines private ınvestment? the case of Pakistan. PIDE Working papers, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
  • Kuştepeli, Y. (2005). Effectiveness of fiscal spending: crowding out and/or crowding ın?. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 2(1), 185-92.
  • Majumder-Alauddin MD. (2007). Does public borrowing crowd-out private ınvestment? The Bangladesh evidence. Bangladesh Bank Working paper, WP 0708.
  • Metin-Özcan, K., Voyvoda, E, ve Yeldan, AE. (2001). Dynamics of macroeconomic adjustment in a globalized developing economy: growth, accumulation and distribution, Turkey 1969-1999. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 22(1), 219-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2001.9668808
  • Motlaleng, GR., Nangula, P., ve Moffat, B. (2011). Effectiveness of fiscal spending in the presence of persistant budget deficit in Namibia: crowding-out or crowdıng-in. International Journal of Economics and Research, 2 (1), 96-117.
  • Öztürk Z. ve Fitöz E. (2009). Türkiye’de konut piyasasının belirleyicileri: ampirik bir uygulama. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (10), 21–46.
  • Pesaran, MH. ve Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. (s. Strom, ed.). Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pesaran, MH., Shin, Y. ve Smith, RJ. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616.
  • Ribeiro, MB. ve Teixeira, JR. (2001). An econometric analysis of private-sector ınvestment in Brazil. CEPAL Review, 7(4),153-166.
  • Serven, L. (1996). Does public capital crowd out private capital? evidence from India. World Bank Policy Research Paper, No 1613. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, XII(1), 219-253.
  • Shin, Y., Yu, B. ve Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2011). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multiplier in a nonlinear ardl framework. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1807745.
  • Şahbaz A. (2014). Sabit sermaye yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel nedensellik analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(1), 1-12.
  • Şen, H ve Kaya, A. (2014). Crowding-out or crowding-in?: analyzing the effects of government spending on private ınvestment in Turkey, Panoeconomicus, 61 (6), 631-651. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1406631S
  • Şimşek, M. (2003). Kamu harcamalarının özel yatırımlara etkileri, 1970-2001. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (2), 1-20.
  • Taban, S ve Kara, A. (2006). Türkiye’de kamu kesimi iç borçlanmasının özel yatırım harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), 11-26.
  • Uysal, D ve Mucuk, M. (2003). Crowding-out (dışlama) etkisi: Türkiye örneği (1975-2000). SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(5), 158-171.
  • Yamak R ve Sağlam C. (2021). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve gelir dağılımı ilişkisi: nardl yaklaşımı. N. Çil (Edt.), Ekonometride Güncel Yöntemler ve Uygulamalar (s. 549-565). Prof. Dr. Ahmet M. Gökçen’e armağan. https://doi.org/10.26650/B/ss10.2021.013.30
  • Yavuz, NÇ. (2001). Türkiye’de kamu yatırım harcamalarının özel sektör yatırım harcamalarını dışlama etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz (1990I2000-IV). Kamu-İş, 6(2). https://www.tuhis.org.tr/pdf/623.pdf
  • Yavuz, N.Ç. (2005). Türkiye’de kamu harcamalarının özel sektör yatırım harcamalarını dışlama etkisinin testi (2003-1980). Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, XX(1), 269-284.

BÜTÇE AÇIKLARININ İÇ BORÇLANMA İLE FİNANSMANININ KONUT YATIRIMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ASİMETRİK DIŞLAMA ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 775 - 791, 20.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1488987

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2013-2024 döneminde kamu iç borç stokunda ortaya çıkan artışın toplam yatırımlar içinde önemli bir paya sahip olan konut yatırımlarının azalmasındaki etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın literatürdeki çalışmalardan farkı, toplam özel yatırımlar içerisinde önemli paya sahip olan konut yatırımları ile iç borç stoğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemesi ve yatırımlar üzerinde belirleyici kontrol değişkenleri olarak büyüme oranları ile reel döviz kurunu kullanmasıdır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre kamu iç borç stokundaki artışın hem uzun dönem hem de kısa dönemde ipotekli konut satışlarını azaltarak konut yatırımlarında asimetrik bir dışlama etkisi yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Asimetrik etkilerin hesaplanmasında NARDL (Doğrusal Olmayan Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif Model) kullanılmıştır. Ampirik analiz sonuçlarına göre uzun dönemde iç borçlanma oranındaki 1 birimlik artışın ipotekli konut satışlarını 0,22 azaltacağı; buna karşılık iç borçlanmadaki 1 birimlik azalışında 0,47 birim artıracağı hesaplanmıştır. Kısa dönemde ise kamu iç borçlanması 1 birim arttığında konut yatırımları 0,57 birim azalırken iç borçlanmanın 1 birim azalması durumunda konut yatırımları 0,47 birim artacağı tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak hata düzeltme katsayısının -0,66 olması kısa dönemde ortaya çıkan bir sapmanın yaklaşık iki çeyrek dönemde düzeltileceği şeklinde kabul edilmektedir.

References

  • Acosta, P ve Loza, A. (2005, November). Short and long run determinants of private investment in Argentina., Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2005.12040634
  • Ahmed, H ve Miller, SM. (2000). Crowding-out and crowding-ın effects of the components of government expenditure. Contemporary Economic Policy, 18(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.111/j.1465-7287.2000.tb00011.x
  • Akkina, KR ve Çelebi, MA. (2002). The Determinants of private fixed ınvestment and the relationship between public and private capital accumulation in Turkey. The Pakistan Development Review, 41(3), 243-254. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41260468
  • Altunç, ÖF ve Şentürk, B. (2010, Ocak-Haziran). Türkiye’de özel yatırımlar ve kamu yatırımları arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik analizi: sınır testi yaklaşımı. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 531-546.
  • Atukeren, E. (2005).Interactions between publican and private ınvestment: evidence from developing countries. KYKLOS, 58 (3), 307-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00290.x
  • Atakuren E. (2010). Politico-economic determinants of the crowding-in effects of public ınvestments in developing countries. Journal of Money, Investment and Banking, 13, 55-73. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005118427
  • Barro, RJ. (1989). A cross-country study of growth, saving, and government. NBER Working Paper, w2855, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1-57. DOI 10.3386/w2855
  • Başar, S ve Temurlenk, MS. (2007). Investigating crowding-out effect of government spending for turkey: a structural var approach. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 95-104.
  • Bilgili, F. (2003). Dynamic ımplications of fiscal policy: crowding out or crowding ın. international conference in economics vıı, f5 fiscal policy, public and private expenditures, Middle East Technical University (METU-ERC). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24111/1/MPRA_paper_24111.pdf
  • Carlson, KM. ve Spencer, RW. (1975). Crowding out and its critics. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2-17. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6958282.pdf Czarnitzki D. ve Fier A. (2002). do ınnovation subsidies crowd out private ınvestment? evidence from the german service sector. Konjunkturpolitik-Applied Economics Quarterly, 48(1), 1-25. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/24802. Dornbusch, R. ve Fischer S. (1998). Makroekonomi. McGraw-Hill – Akademi.
  • Durkaya, M, Ceylan, S. ve Beken, O. (2010). Kamu borçlanması kamu yatırımlarını dışlıyor mu?. Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 74 (21), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1173304
  • Durkaya, M. (2012, Temmuz-Aralık). Türkiye’de kamu harcamaları ve özel tüketim ilişkisi. Maliye Dergisi, 163, 118-129.
  • Erden, L ve Holcombe RG. (2005). The Effects of public ınvestment on private ınvestment in developing economies. Public Finance Review, 33 (5), 575-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142105277627
  • Fayed, ME. (2012). Crowding out effect of public borrowing: the case of egypt. Current Economic Issues, Joint Research Workshop, Paris 1 University and Cairo University, faculty of economics and political science,
  • Frimpong, JM., Marbuah, G. (2010). The Determinants of private sector ınvestment in Ghana: an ardl approach. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (2), 250-261.
  • Hansson, P ve Henrekson, M. (1994, December). A new framework for testing the effect of government spending on growth and productivity. Public Choice, 81(3-4), 381-401. DOI:10.1007/BF01053239.
  • Hatano T. (2010). Crowding - in effect of public ınvestment on private ınvestment. Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, 6 (1), 105-120.
  • Hussain, A, Mohammad, SD., Akram, K. ve Lal I. (2009, January). Effectiveness of government expenditure crowding-in or crowding-out: an empirical evidence in case of Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. 16, 141-147.
  • İsmihan, M., Kıvılcım MÖ., ve Tansel, A. (2005, August). The Role of macroeconomic ınstability in public and private capital accumulation and growth: the case of Turkey 1963-1999. Applied Economics, 37(2), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000286115
  • Kalem, A. (2015). Türkiye’deki kamu yatırımlarının özel sektör yatırımlarına etkisinin incelenmesi. (Uzmanlık tezi). Kalkınma Bakanlığı.
  • Karagöz, K. (2010, Haziran). Determining factors of private ınvestments: an empirical analysis for Turkey. Sosyoekonomi, 11(11), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.17233/se.83416
  • Kesbiç, CY. (1998). 1980 sonrası dönemde kamu kesiminin özel kesimi dışlama etkisi: bir model analizi. D.E.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 13 (II), 147-161.
  • Khan, S. ve Khan, M.A. (2007). What determines private ınvestment? the case of Pakistan. PIDE Working papers, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
  • Kuştepeli, Y. (2005). Effectiveness of fiscal spending: crowding out and/or crowding ın?. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 2(1), 185-92.
  • Majumder-Alauddin MD. (2007). Does public borrowing crowd-out private ınvestment? The Bangladesh evidence. Bangladesh Bank Working paper, WP 0708.
  • Metin-Özcan, K., Voyvoda, E, ve Yeldan, AE. (2001). Dynamics of macroeconomic adjustment in a globalized developing economy: growth, accumulation and distribution, Turkey 1969-1999. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 22(1), 219-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2001.9668808
  • Motlaleng, GR., Nangula, P., ve Moffat, B. (2011). Effectiveness of fiscal spending in the presence of persistant budget deficit in Namibia: crowding-out or crowdıng-in. International Journal of Economics and Research, 2 (1), 96-117.
  • Öztürk Z. ve Fitöz E. (2009). Türkiye’de konut piyasasının belirleyicileri: ampirik bir uygulama. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (10), 21–46.
  • Pesaran, MH. ve Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. (s. Strom, ed.). Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pesaran, MH., Shin, Y. ve Smith, RJ. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616.
  • Ribeiro, MB. ve Teixeira, JR. (2001). An econometric analysis of private-sector ınvestment in Brazil. CEPAL Review, 7(4),153-166.
  • Serven, L. (1996). Does public capital crowd out private capital? evidence from India. World Bank Policy Research Paper, No 1613. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, XII(1), 219-253.
  • Shin, Y., Yu, B. ve Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2011). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multiplier in a nonlinear ardl framework. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1807745.
  • Şahbaz A. (2014). Sabit sermaye yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel nedensellik analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(1), 1-12.
  • Şen, H ve Kaya, A. (2014). Crowding-out or crowding-in?: analyzing the effects of government spending on private ınvestment in Turkey, Panoeconomicus, 61 (6), 631-651. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1406631S
  • Şimşek, M. (2003). Kamu harcamalarının özel yatırımlara etkileri, 1970-2001. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (2), 1-20.
  • Taban, S ve Kara, A. (2006). Türkiye’de kamu kesimi iç borçlanmasının özel yatırım harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), 11-26.
  • Uysal, D ve Mucuk, M. (2003). Crowding-out (dışlama) etkisi: Türkiye örneği (1975-2000). SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(5), 158-171.
  • Yamak R ve Sağlam C. (2021). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve gelir dağılımı ilişkisi: nardl yaklaşımı. N. Çil (Edt.), Ekonometride Güncel Yöntemler ve Uygulamalar (s. 549-565). Prof. Dr. Ahmet M. Gökçen’e armağan. https://doi.org/10.26650/B/ss10.2021.013.30
  • Yavuz, NÇ. (2001). Türkiye’de kamu yatırım harcamalarının özel sektör yatırım harcamalarını dışlama etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz (1990I2000-IV). Kamu-İş, 6(2). https://www.tuhis.org.tr/pdf/623.pdf
  • Yavuz, N.Ç. (2005). Türkiye’de kamu harcamalarının özel sektör yatırım harcamalarını dışlama etkisinin testi (2003-1980). Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, XX(1), 269-284.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Economics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bilgen Taşdoğan 0000-0001-5169-7862

Publication Date October 20, 2024
Submission Date May 23, 2024
Acceptance Date July 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Taşdoğan, B. (2024). BÜTÇE AÇIKLARININ İÇ BORÇLANMA İLE FİNANSMANININ KONUT YATIRIMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ASİMETRİK DIŞLAMA ETKİSİ. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(2), 775-791. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1488987