Evaluation of Energy Consumption and the Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Dairy Cattle Farms in Adana Province of Türkiye

Abstract

This study quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with direct energy (electricity + diesel) use and water consumption in dairy cattle farms in Adana, Türkiye. A stratified random sample of 25 farms across 15 districts was surveyed. The functional unit is 1 kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Direct energy covers electricity and diesel used for milking and milk cooling, cleaning of milking and storage equipment, feed preparation and distribution, manure handling, ventilation, lighting, and routine cleaning. Water use includes equipment, facility and shelter cleaning, and animal drinking water. Environmental sustainability indicators and carbon footprints were computed accordingly. For 1 kg FPCM, electricity accounts for 5.71% of total direct energy consumption, while diesel accounts for 94.29%. In GHG terms, 8.97% of emissions arise from electricity and 91.03% from diesel. The dairy sector’s carbon footprint is 1.61 kg CO₂-eq per kg FPCM, comprising 0.82 kg CO₂-eq from direct energy and 0.80 kg CO₂-eq from water consumption. On a per-animal basis, the annual carbon footprint per lactating cow totals 1,639.36 kg CO₂-eq cow⁻¹ yr⁻¹, consisting of 354.51 kg CO₂-eq from direct energy and 1,284.85 kg CO₂-eq from water use. These results highlight diesel’s dominance in energy use and GHG emissions, and the substantial contribution of water-related processes, underscoring priority areas for efficiency improvements and mitigation interventions in Adana’s dairy operations.

Keywords

• Cow milk
• Energy use
• GHG emission
• Carbon footprint

Adana İlindeki Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Adana, Türkiye'deki süt sığırcılığı çiftliklerinde doğrudan enerji (elektrik + dizel) kullanımı ve su tüketimi ile ilişkili sera gazı (GHG) emisyonlarını ölçmektedir. 25 ilçedeki 15 çiftlikten oluşan tabakalı rastgele bir örneklem araştırıldı. Fonksiyonel birim 1 kg yağ ve protein düzeltmeli süttür (FPCM). Doğrudan enerji, sağım ve süt soğutma, sağım ve depolama ekipmanlarının temizliği, yem hazırlama ve dağıtımı, gübre işleme, havalandırma, aydınlatma ve rutin temizlik için kullanılan elektrik ve dizeli kapsar. Su kullanımı, ekipman, tesis ve barınak temizliği ve hayvan içme suyunu içerir. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik göstergeleri ve karbon ayak izleri buna göre hesaplanmıştır. 1 kg FPCM için elektrik, toplam doğrudan enerji tüketiminin %5,71'ini, dizel ise %94,29'unu oluşturmaktadır. Sera gazı açısından emisyonların %8,97'si elektrikten, %91,03'ü dizelden kaynaklanmaktadır. Süt ürünleri sektörünün karbon ayak izi, doğrudan enerjiden kaynaklanan 0,82 kg CO₂-eşdeğeri ve su tüketiminden kaynaklanan 0,80 kg CO₂-eşdeğerinden olmak üzere kg FPCM başına 1,61 kg CO₂-eşdeğerdir. Hayvan bazında, emziren başına yıllık karbon ayak izi, doğrudan enerjiden 354,51 kg CO₂-eşdeğeri ve su kullanımından kaynaklanan 1.284,85 kg CO₂-eşdeğeri olmak üzere toplam 1.639,36 kg CO₂-eşdeğeri⁻¹ yıl⁻¹'dir. Bu sonuçlar, dizelin enerji kullanımı ve sera gazı emisyonlarındaki hakimiyetini ve suyla ilgili süreçlerin önemli katkısını vurgulayarak, Adana'nın süt ürünleri operasyonlarında verimlilik iyileştirmeleri ve azaltım müdahaleleri için öncelikli alanların altını çizmektedir.

Keywords

• Enerji kullanımı
• sera gazı emisyonu
• Karbon ayak izi
• süt

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