EN
TR
The Autonomy Established by Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn in Egypt and His Allegiance to the Abbasids (254–270/868–884)
Abstract
This study examines Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn, a prominent Turkish governor of the Sāmarrā period, and his relations with the ʿAbbāsid caliphal center. It covers his early life, appointment as governor of Egypt, his ties with Caliph al-Muʿtamid, and especially his political struggle with the powerful caliphal deputy, al-Muwaffaq. The main aim is to assess whether Aḥmad sought to establish an independent state, identify the political and military factors shaping his rule, and understand his oppositional stance toward the central authority. In addition, it aims to identify and rectify methodological or interpretive errors observed in earlier research. Based on historical narrative and analytical methods, the research concludes that Aḥmad did not pursue complete independence despite expanding his power in Egypt and clashing with al-Muwaffaq. He continued to use the caliph’s name in khuṭbas and coinage, signaling formal allegiance to the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate. His real conflict was with al-Muwaffaq, who viewed his growing power as a threat. Al-Muwaffaq’s attempts at dismissal and political suppression led Aḥmad to resist, but this opposition was not aimed at the caliph himself or the legitimacy of the caliphate.
Keywords
References
- Ağır, Abdullah Mesut. “Memlûk Sultanlarının Gölgesi Altında Hilâfet Kurumu”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10/2 (2011), 637–651.
- Ağırakça, Ahmet, “Humâreveyh b. Ahmed b. Tolun”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 18/348-349. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998.
- Akyürek, Yunus. “Mısır’da İlk Dönem Türk İdarî Uygulamaları, Ahmed b. Tûlûn Örneği”. FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi 10 (2017), 25–47.
- Arslan, İhsan. “İlk Türk-İslâm Devletleri’nin Abbâsî Hilâfetiyle Münasebetleri”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/27 (2013), 93–106.
- Arslan, İhsan. “Türklerin Nüfûzu Altında Abbâsî Hilâfetinin Görünümü (Sâmerrâ Dönemi)”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53 (Aralık 2022), 387-410. https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1144386.
- Belâẕürî. Ensâbü’l-eşrâf. thk. Süheyl Zükkâr – Riyâd ez-Ziriklî. 13 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Fikr, 1417/1996.
- Belevî, Abdullah b. Muhammed. Sîretü Aḥmed b. Ṭûlûn. thk. Muhammed Kürd Ali. Kahire: Mektebetü’s- Sekâfeti’d-Dînî, 1358/1939.
- Demirci, Mustafa, “Sâmerrâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/70-71. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009.
Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
Political and Civilization History of Islam
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Yunus Akyürek
*
0000-0003-2050-9464
Türkiye
Publication Date
September 30, 2025
Submission Date
May 16, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 30, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 25 Number: 2