ERKEN DÖNEM ORTA ÇAĞ HRİSTİYAN MANASTIRLARINDA BİR DİSİPLİN ARACI OLARAK FİZİKSEL CEZA

Abstract

Bu araştırma, fiziksel şiddetin disiplin aracı olarak kullanıldığı erken Orta Çağ Hristiyan manastırlarını konu edinmektedir. Bu ceza yöntemine, manastır geleneğinin de büyük ölçüde oluştuğu 4.yy’dan 6. yy’a kadar hem Doğulu hem de Batılı manastır yazarlarının nizamnamelerinde rastlamak mümkündür. Fiziksel ceza yönteminin kökenlerini Kutsal Kitap’ta “cezalandıran baba”; sosyal yaşamda aile içi disiplini sağlama hedefinde olan “aile reisi baba” ve de antik eğitim değerleri içerisinde mutlak otorite sahibi bir öğretmen figürü şeklinde görmek mümkündür. Genellikle bedensel cezaların diğer disiplin cezaları yanında son çare olarak kullanıldığı bilinse de özellikle çocuklara karşı ve çocuksu davranan yetişkinlere tereddüt edilmeden uygulandığı bilinmektedir. Kısacası erken dönem manastır yazarları, mantığını ve zekâsını kullanamayan her üye için bedensel cezanın bir seçenek olduğunu savunmuştur. Antik dönemde fiziksel ceza bir ıslah yöntemi olarak uygulanmakta, günümüz değerlerinde olduğu gibi bir tür insan hakları meselesi olarak görülmemekteydi. Neticede belli bir düzeni ve işleyişi olan kurumlarda otoriteyi sağlamak o kurumun devamlılığı için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim yüzyıllar boyu varlığını sürdüren manastırlarda da istikrarı devam ettirebilmek için bir dizi önlemler alınmış ve sözlü önlemlerin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda fiziksel şiddet meşru görülmüştür. Bu araştırmada manastır kuralları çerçevesinde farklı başlıklar altında bedensel cezaların kökeni, çocuklara ve yetişkinlere uygulanması, bedensel cezayı gerektiren manastır içi hatalar ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Manastır
• Fiziksel Ceza
• Dayak
• Hıristiyanlık
• Erken Ortaçağ

Corporal Punishment As A Disciplinary Tool In The Early Medieval Christian Monasteries

Abstract

This research focuses on early medieval Christian monasteries where physical violence was used as a disciplinary tool. It is possible to encounter this method of punishment in the rules of both Eastern and Western monastic writers - from the 4th century to the 6th century, when the monastic tradition was formed to a great extent. It is possible to see the origins of the physical punishment method in the Bible as “the father who punishes”, the “father who is the head of the family” who provides the discipline of the family in social life, and the figure of a teacher who has absolute authority within the ancient educational values. Although it is known that corporal punishments are used as a last resort in addition to other disciplinary penalties, it is known that they are applied without hesitation, especially against children and adults who behave childishly. In short, early monastic writers argued that corporal punishment was an option for any member who could not use their logic and intelligence. In ancient times, physical punishment was used as a correction method, and it was not seen as a human rights issue as in today's values. As a result, providing authority in institutions with a certain order and functioning is of great importance for the continuity of that institution. As a matter of fact, a series of measures were taken in order to maintain stability in the monasteries that had existed for centuries, and physical violence was seen as legitimate when verbal measures were insufficient. In this study, the origins of corporal punishment within the framework of monastic rules, its application to children and adults, and the errors within the monastery that require corporal punishment are discussed under different topics.

Keywords

• Monastery
• Corporal punishment
• Beating
• Christianity
• Early Medieval

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