Research Article
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METHODS OF GETTING ADHERENT OF NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 137 - 174, 31.12.2018

Abstract











From
the second half of the twentieth century, new religious movements such as
Moonism, Hare Krishna, Scientology and etc., which especially emerge in the
western world, have rapidly spread and have started to exist around the world.
Moreover, extensions of these movements are also encountered in our country.
There are some questions brought forward in the context of NRMs, such as how
these groups gain members, which basic methods adopted while winning the fans,
and how can they success to keep the supporters. In this article, it is dealt
with the basic methods and practices by making use of examples of Moonism,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, Hare Krishna, and Mormonism, which pursue the goal of
increase the members of movement.

References

  • Aydın, Fuat. “Mormonlar: İsa Mesih’in Son Gün Azizlerinin Kilisesi”, Türkiye’de Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri (İstanbul 17-18, Nisan 2014). Ed. Ömer Faruk Harman. 216-266. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2014.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. Türkiye’ye Yönelik Batı Kökenli Dini Cereyanlar, Konya: NÜVE Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Aydın, Mahmut. Fetö’nün Uluslararası Kodları, Ankara: Eski Yeni Yayınları, 2017.
  • Bainbridge, William Sims. The Sociology of Religious Movements, London: Routledge, 1997.
  • Barker, Eileen. The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1984.
  • ______. New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction, London: HMSO Publications, 1992.
  • ______. “New Religious Movements: Their Incidence and Significance”, New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response, ed. Bryan Wilson & Jamie Creswell, New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Battal, Emine. Kıyametin Gölgesinde: Yeni Dini Hareketler ve Şiddet, İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Berger, Helen A. “Learning About Paganism”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Bıyık, Mustafa. Küresel Bir Din Projesi Olarak Moonculuk, İstanbul: Birey Yayıncılık, 2002.
  • Bodur, Hüsnü Ezber. “Moonculuk Hareketi ve Türkiye’de Benzer Bir Cemaat Yapılanmasının Sosyolojik Analizi”, KSÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, (2003): 13-39.
  • Bromley, David G. & Mitchell L. Bracey. “Scientology Kilisesi: Bir Sözde Din”, trc. Zehra Sezal, KSÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7, (Haziran 2006): 188-189.
  • Bromley, David G. “Affiliation and Disaffiliation Careers in New Religious Movements”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. & Gallagher, W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Chancellor, James D. “A Family for the Twenty-first Century”, Controversial New Religions, ed. James R. Lewis & Jasper A. Petersen, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ______. “The Children of God/ The Family”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Collins, Irvin H. “The Routinization of Charisma and Charismatic”, Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant, ed. Edwin F. Bryant & Maria L. Ekstrand, New York: Columbia University Press, 1893.
  • Cowan, Douglas E. “Teaching New Religious Movements on the World Wide Web”, Teaching New Religious Movements, ed. David G. Bromley, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Çoban, Hacer. Transandantal Meditasyon: İçeriği, Amacı, Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2005.
  • Dawson, Lorne L. “Who Joins New Religious Movements and Why: Twenty Years of Research and What Have We Learned?”, Cults and New Religious Movements, ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
  • ______. “Crises of Charismatic Legitimacy and Violent Behavior in New Religious Movements”, Cults, Religion and Violence, ed. David G. Bromley & Gordon Melton, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Lorne L. Dawson & Jenna Hennebry. “New Religions and The Internet”, Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet, ed. Lorne L. Dawson & Douglas E. Cowan New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Derin, Serkan. Sahaja Yoga: İçeriği, Amacı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2011.
  • Doğan, Hilal. Batı’da Ortaya Çıkan Yeni Dini Hareketler: Hare Krishna Hareketi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Enroth, Ronald. Tarikatlar ve Yeni Dinler, İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 1998.
  • Galanter, Marc. Faith, Healing and Coercion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Givens, Terry L. “The Church of Latter-day Saints”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America II, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Healy, John Paul. Yearning to Belong: Discovering a New Religious Movement, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Group, 2010.
  • İnan, Şerif. Meditasyon, Yoga ve Zihin Yıkanması, İstanbul: Kavim Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • James, William. A Varieties of Religious Experience, Londra: Routledge, 2002.
  • Kaplan, Jeffrey. “New Religious Movements and Globalization”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher, & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Kent, Stephen A. “Brainwashing Programs in The Family / Children of God and Scientology”, Misunderstanding Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field, ed. Benjamin Zablocki & Thomas Robbins, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.
  • ______ “Brainwashing and Re/indoctrination Programmes in the Children of God/The Family”, Cultic Studies Journal, 17, (2000): 56-78.
  • Ketola, Kimmo. The Founder of the Hare Krishnas as Seen by Devotees: A Cognitive Study of Religious Charisma, Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Kirman, M. Ali. Yeni Dini Hareketler Sosyolojisi, Ankara: Birleşik Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Köse, Ali. Neden İslam’ı Seçiyorlar: Müslüman Olan İngilizler Üzerine Psiko-Sosyoljik Bir İnceleme, İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2008.
  • Lorne L. Dawson & Jenna Hennebry. “New Religions and The Internet”, Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet, ed. Lorne L. Dawson & Douglas E. Cowan, New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Millikan, David. “The Children of God, Family of Love, The Family”, Sex, Slander and Salvation: Investigating the Family/Children of God, California: Center for Academic Publication, 1994.
  • Morris, Allon D. & Staggenborg, Suzanne. “Leadership in Social Movements”, The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, ed. David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, Hanspeter Kriesi, Londra: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • Nordquist, Ted. “Individual Characteristics and Evolution of Beliefs and Values for Members of a Yogic Community: Ananda Cooperative Village”, Archieve for the Psychology of Religion, 13 (1978): 277-285.
  • Oakes, Len, The Charismatic Personality, Avusturalya: Australian Academic Press, 2010.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. Kıyamet Tarikatları: Yeni Dini Hareketler, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Rochford Jr, E. Burke. “Airports, Conflict and Change in the Hare Krishna Movement”, The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant, ed. Edwin F. Bryant & Maria L. Ekstrand, Newyork: Columbia University Press, 2004.
  • ______ .“Hare Krishna Transformed”, The New and Alternative Religions Series, ed. Timothy Miller & Susan J. Palmer, New York: New York University Press, 2007.
  • Roth, Robert. TM Transandantal Meditasyon Tekniği, trc. Deniz Yılmaz, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık, 1997.
  • Sancar, Faruk. “Yeni Dini Hareketler ve Beyin Yıkama Olgusu”, Yeni Dini Hareketler, eds.: Süleyman Turan-Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014, 321-333.
  • Sevinç, Bayram. Türkiye Bağlamında Dinlerarası İlişkiler ve Süreç Yapıları. Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Singer, Margaret T. Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
  • Stark, Rodney & Bainbridge, William Sims. “Networks of Faith: Interpersonal Bonds and Recruitment to Cults and Sects”, American Journal of Sociology, 85/6, (1980): 1376-1395.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Iannacone, Laurence R. “Why the Jehowah’s Witnesses Grow so Rapidly: A Theoritical Application”, Journal of Contemporary Religion, 12/2, (2008): 133-157.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Neilson, Reid L. Rise of Mormonism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Stark, Rodney L. “Why Religious Movements Succeed or Fail: A Revised General Model”, Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader, ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
  • Ünal, M. Süheyl. “Yeni Dini Hareketler ve İnternet”, Yeni Dini Hareketler: Tarihsel, Teorik ve Pratik Boyutlarıyla, ed. Süleyman Turan & Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014.
  • Wilson, Bryan. Dini Mezhepler, trc. Ali İhsan Yitik & A. Bülent Ünal, İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2004.
  • Yasdıman, Hakkı Şah. “Yehova Şahitleri’nin Teşkilat Yapısı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri II”, D.E.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, (2005): 115-133.
  • Yıldız, İlhan. “Orta Doğu ve Türkiye’de Mormonların Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri”, Dini Eğitimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 12, (2003): 215-235.

YENİ DİNİ HAREKETLERİN TARAFTAR KAZANMA YÖNTEMLERİ

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 137 - 174, 31.12.2018

Abstract











XX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren
özellikle Batı dünyasında ortaya çıkan Moonculuk, Hare Krişna, Sayentoloji vb
yeni dini hareketlerin kısa sürede hızla yayılarak dünya çapında varlık
göstermeye başladıkları ve hatta bu hareketlerin uzantılarına ülkemizde de
rastlandığı bir vakıadır. Bu tür oluşumların nasıl üye elde ettikleri, taraftar
kazanırken hangi temel yöntemlere başvurdukları ve kazandıkları taraftarları
ellerinde tutmayı nasıl başardıkları YDH’ler bağlamında öteden beri tartışılan
hususların başında gelmektedir. Bu yazıda üyelerinin sayısını artırma amacı
güden Moonculuk, Yehova’nın Şahitleri, Hare Krişna, Mormonculuk vb.
hareketlerden yola çıkarak YDH’lerin taraftar kazanmada yararlandığı temel
yöntem ve uygulamalar üzerinde durulmaktadır.

References

  • Aydın, Fuat. “Mormonlar: İsa Mesih’in Son Gün Azizlerinin Kilisesi”, Türkiye’de Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri (İstanbul 17-18, Nisan 2014). Ed. Ömer Faruk Harman. 216-266. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2014.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. Türkiye’ye Yönelik Batı Kökenli Dini Cereyanlar, Konya: NÜVE Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Aydın, Mahmut. Fetö’nün Uluslararası Kodları, Ankara: Eski Yeni Yayınları, 2017.
  • Bainbridge, William Sims. The Sociology of Religious Movements, London: Routledge, 1997.
  • Barker, Eileen. The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1984.
  • ______. New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction, London: HMSO Publications, 1992.
  • ______. “New Religious Movements: Their Incidence and Significance”, New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response, ed. Bryan Wilson & Jamie Creswell, New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Battal, Emine. Kıyametin Gölgesinde: Yeni Dini Hareketler ve Şiddet, İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Berger, Helen A. “Learning About Paganism”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Bıyık, Mustafa. Küresel Bir Din Projesi Olarak Moonculuk, İstanbul: Birey Yayıncılık, 2002.
  • Bodur, Hüsnü Ezber. “Moonculuk Hareketi ve Türkiye’de Benzer Bir Cemaat Yapılanmasının Sosyolojik Analizi”, KSÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, (2003): 13-39.
  • Bromley, David G. & Mitchell L. Bracey. “Scientology Kilisesi: Bir Sözde Din”, trc. Zehra Sezal, KSÜ İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7, (Haziran 2006): 188-189.
  • Bromley, David G. “Affiliation and Disaffiliation Careers in New Religious Movements”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. & Gallagher, W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Chancellor, James D. “A Family for the Twenty-first Century”, Controversial New Religions, ed. James R. Lewis & Jasper A. Petersen, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ______. “The Children of God/ The Family”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Collins, Irvin H. “The Routinization of Charisma and Charismatic”, Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant, ed. Edwin F. Bryant & Maria L. Ekstrand, New York: Columbia University Press, 1893.
  • Cowan, Douglas E. “Teaching New Religious Movements on the World Wide Web”, Teaching New Religious Movements, ed. David G. Bromley, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Çoban, Hacer. Transandantal Meditasyon: İçeriği, Amacı, Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2005.
  • Dawson, Lorne L. “Who Joins New Religious Movements and Why: Twenty Years of Research and What Have We Learned?”, Cults and New Religious Movements, ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
  • ______. “Crises of Charismatic Legitimacy and Violent Behavior in New Religious Movements”, Cults, Religion and Violence, ed. David G. Bromley & Gordon Melton, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Lorne L. Dawson & Jenna Hennebry. “New Religions and The Internet”, Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet, ed. Lorne L. Dawson & Douglas E. Cowan New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Derin, Serkan. Sahaja Yoga: İçeriği, Amacı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2011.
  • Doğan, Hilal. Batı’da Ortaya Çıkan Yeni Dini Hareketler: Hare Krishna Hareketi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Enroth, Ronald. Tarikatlar ve Yeni Dinler, İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 1998.
  • Galanter, Marc. Faith, Healing and Coercion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  • Givens, Terry L. “The Church of Latter-day Saints”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America II, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Healy, John Paul. Yearning to Belong: Discovering a New Religious Movement, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Group, 2010.
  • İnan, Şerif. Meditasyon, Yoga ve Zihin Yıkanması, İstanbul: Kavim Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • James, William. A Varieties of Religious Experience, Londra: Routledge, 2002.
  • Kaplan, Jeffrey. “New Religious Movements and Globalization”, Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I, ed. Eugene V. Gallagher, & W. Michael Ashcraft, Londra: Greenwood Press, 2006.
  • Kent, Stephen A. “Brainwashing Programs in The Family / Children of God and Scientology”, Misunderstanding Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field, ed. Benjamin Zablocki & Thomas Robbins, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.
  • ______ “Brainwashing and Re/indoctrination Programmes in the Children of God/The Family”, Cultic Studies Journal, 17, (2000): 56-78.
  • Ketola, Kimmo. The Founder of the Hare Krishnas as Seen by Devotees: A Cognitive Study of Religious Charisma, Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Kirman, M. Ali. Yeni Dini Hareketler Sosyolojisi, Ankara: Birleşik Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Köse, Ali. Neden İslam’ı Seçiyorlar: Müslüman Olan İngilizler Üzerine Psiko-Sosyoljik Bir İnceleme, İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2008.
  • Lorne L. Dawson & Jenna Hennebry. “New Religions and The Internet”, Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet, ed. Lorne L. Dawson & Douglas E. Cowan, New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Millikan, David. “The Children of God, Family of Love, The Family”, Sex, Slander and Salvation: Investigating the Family/Children of God, California: Center for Academic Publication, 1994.
  • Morris, Allon D. & Staggenborg, Suzanne. “Leadership in Social Movements”, The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, ed. David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, Hanspeter Kriesi, Londra: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • Nordquist, Ted. “Individual Characteristics and Evolution of Beliefs and Values for Members of a Yogic Community: Ananda Cooperative Village”, Archieve for the Psychology of Religion, 13 (1978): 277-285.
  • Oakes, Len, The Charismatic Personality, Avusturalya: Australian Academic Press, 2010.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. Kıyamet Tarikatları: Yeni Dini Hareketler, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Rochford Jr, E. Burke. “Airports, Conflict and Change in the Hare Krishna Movement”, The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant, ed. Edwin F. Bryant & Maria L. Ekstrand, Newyork: Columbia University Press, 2004.
  • ______ .“Hare Krishna Transformed”, The New and Alternative Religions Series, ed. Timothy Miller & Susan J. Palmer, New York: New York University Press, 2007.
  • Roth, Robert. TM Transandantal Meditasyon Tekniği, trc. Deniz Yılmaz, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık, 1997.
  • Sancar, Faruk. “Yeni Dini Hareketler ve Beyin Yıkama Olgusu”, Yeni Dini Hareketler, eds.: Süleyman Turan-Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014, 321-333.
  • Sevinç, Bayram. Türkiye Bağlamında Dinlerarası İlişkiler ve Süreç Yapıları. Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Singer, Margaret T. Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
  • Stark, Rodney & Bainbridge, William Sims. “Networks of Faith: Interpersonal Bonds and Recruitment to Cults and Sects”, American Journal of Sociology, 85/6, (1980): 1376-1395.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Iannacone, Laurence R. “Why the Jehowah’s Witnesses Grow so Rapidly: A Theoritical Application”, Journal of Contemporary Religion, 12/2, (2008): 133-157.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Neilson, Reid L. Rise of Mormonism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Stark, Rodney L. “Why Religious Movements Succeed or Fail: A Revised General Model”, Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader, ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
  • Ünal, M. Süheyl. “Yeni Dini Hareketler ve İnternet”, Yeni Dini Hareketler: Tarihsel, Teorik ve Pratik Boyutlarıyla, ed. Süleyman Turan & Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014.
  • Wilson, Bryan. Dini Mezhepler, trc. Ali İhsan Yitik & A. Bülent Ünal, İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2004.
  • Yasdıman, Hakkı Şah. “Yehova Şahitleri’nin Teşkilat Yapısı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri II”, D.E.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, (2005): 115-133.
  • Yıldız, İlhan. “Orta Doğu ve Türkiye’de Mormonların Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri”, Dini Eğitimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 12, (2003): 215-235.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Süleyman Turan 0000-0002-3731-2986

Sema Nur Uzun This is me 0000-0003-0866-3768

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Acceptance Date November 19, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

ISNAD Turan, Süleyman - Uzun, Sema Nur. “YENİ DİNİ HAREKETLERİN TARAFTAR KAZANMA YÖNTEMLERİ”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 18/3 (December 2018), 137-174.