8.Yüzyıl Avrupasında Hristiyan Din Adamlarına Talimatlar (Karolı Magnı Capıtulare Prımum Örneği)

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 121 - 156, 31.03.2023

Özlem Genç

https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1199848

Abstract

Orta Çağ Avrupası Hristiyanlığın en yoğun yaşandığı yerlerden biridir. Batı Roma`nın yıkılışından yaklaşık 10. yüzyıla kadar süren erken dönemde, geç döneme benzer bir dini cemaat yapılanması yoktur. Bunun yerine dindar halkı yönlendiren yerel din adamları vardır. Onların kontrolünü sağlayanlar ise bağlı bulundukları piskoposlardır. Bu piskoposlar ya da sivil yöneticilerin kendi bölgelerindeki din adamlarına talimat iletme yollarından biri capitularia denen kararnamelerdir. Bunlar aynı zamanda her iki tarafın katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen meclislerde alınan kararlardır. Çalışmamıza konu ettiğimiz kararname ise son derece dindar bir Frank lider olan Şarlman`ın tahta çıktığında yayımladığı ilk kararnamedir ve din adamlarına talimatlar içermektedir. Bu talimatlar incelendiğinde din adamlarının özel hayatları, halen süren pagan gelenekler, piskopos onayı, din adamlarının yargılanmaları, verilen cezalar, denetlenmeleri, uzak durmaları gereken dünyevi aktiviteler gibi pek çok konuda değerli bilgiler edinilmektedir. Ayrıca din adamlarının çok çeşitli görev ve sorumlulukları olduğu, bahsi geçen dönemin hem dini hem sivil hayatında çok etkili oldukları anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Orta Çağ Avrupa Tarihi, Karoli Magni Capitulare Primum, Hristiyanlık, Din Adamları, 8. Yüzyıl

In 8th Century Europe Instructions To Christian Religious Men (Sample Of Karoli Magni Capitulare Primum)

Abstract

Medieval Europe was one of the places where Christianity was most intense. In the early period, which lasted from the fall of Western Rome to about the 10th century, there was no religious community structure similar to the late period. Instead, there are local clergy who lead the religious people. Those who control them are their bishops. One of the ways in which these bishops or civil rulers conveyed instructions to the clergy in their districts was through statutes called capitularia. These are also decisions taken in assemblies with the participation of both parties. The capitulary, which is the subject of our study, is the first law published by Charlemagne, a very religious Frankish leader when he ascended the throne and contains instructions to the clergy. When these instructions are examined, valuable information is obtained on many issues, such as the private lives of the clergy, pagan traditions that continue, the approval of the bishop, the trial of the clergy, the punishments are given, their supervision, and the worldly activities that they should stay away from. In addition, it is understood that the clergy had a wide variety of duties and responsibilities and were very influential in the religious and civil life of the mentioned period.

Keywords

Medieval European History, Karoli Magni Capitulare Primum, Christianity, Religious Men, 8th Century

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