Bu çalışmada, kıraat ilminin temel kaynaklarından olan el-‘Unvân ile eş-Şâtıbiyye isimli iki eser, usûlî ihtilaflar açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki eser, telif edildiği tarihten günümüze değin yaygın olarak okutulan, ezberletilen ve referans gösterilen önemli çalışmalardır. Özellikle de eş-Şâtıbiyye, günümüzde varlığını devam ettiren kıraat tarik ve mesleklerinin ana kaynakları arasında yerini almakla güncel bir hüviyete sahiptir. eş-Şâtıbiyye telif edilmeden önce Mısır’da daha çok el-‘Unvân’ın okutulup ezberletilmekte olduğu ifade edilmiştir. el-‘Unvân ile eş-Şâtıbiyye yedi kıraate dair rivayet ve tarik içermesi sebebiyle muhteva yönünden aynı olsa da bazı vecihlerin terk veya isbatı noktasında aralarında birtakım farklılıklar vardır ve söz konusu farklılıkların bütüncül olarak takdimi çalışmanın nirengi noktasıdır. Çalışmada söz konusu vecihlerin sıhhat derecesi, buna bağlı olarak ilgili vecihlerin tercih sebepleri de tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla da eş-Şâtıbiyye’nin günümüz kıraat eğitim-öğretiminde merkezi konuma gelmesinin teorik arka planının yansıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu farklılıklar, zaman zaman temel kaynaklar açısından analiz edilmiştir. İki eser arasındaki kıraat ihtilafları tespit edilip bir doküman çıkartılmakla, hem sahada araştırma yapmak isteyenler için akademik veri ortaya konulması hem de Şâtıbiyye tariki üzere kıraat okuyan-okutan kimselere kolaylık sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda eş-Şâtıbiyye’nin daha fazla vecih ihtiva ettiği tespit edilmiş ve iki eser arasındaki ihtilafların, genelde bir vechin terk veya isbatı şeklinde meydana geldiği görülmüştür.
In this study, two important works on the seven qiraat have been compared within the framework of procedural issues. The first of these is al-'Unwān fi al-qirāati al-sab' by Abū Ṭāhir Ismā'il b. Khalaf al-Sarakustī (d. 455/1063), which was written in prose form. The other work is al-Khirz al-amānī wa wajh al-taḥānī/Shātibiyya by Qāsim b. Firrūh al-Shātibī (d. 590/1194), which is a verse work based on Abū 'Amr al-Dānī's al-Taysīr (d. 444/1055). Both of these works are among the primary sources of many Qiraat works. In particular, al-Shāṭibiyya influenced the works of the later period, was widely read and memorized from the date of its composition to the present day, and has also taken its place among the main sources of the Qiraat tariqs and professions that continue to exist today.
Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833/1429) and al-Qastallānī (d. 923/1517) reported that al-ʿUnwān was mostly taught in Egypt until al-Shātibī's Ḥirz al-amānī. On the other hand, Ibn al-Jazari stated that 'Unwān and al-Shāṭibiyya were two important works in the field of qiraāt, that these two works were among his primary sources, and that there was always a comparison between the two works in the historical process, and that al-Shāṭibiyya surpassed 'Unwān in terms of the interest it attracted after al-Shāṭibī wrote al-Hirz al-amānī. The fact that both 'Unwān and al-Shātibiyya are praised by scholars and that both works are among the sources of many works on the science of Qiraat, especially Ibn al-Jazari's al-Nashr, is a concrete indication of the importance and value attributed to these two works.
Although al-'Unwān and al-Shātibiyya are largely similar in terms of content and narrated wajīhs because they contain information on the seven qiraat, there are some differences between them in terms of the abandonment or preference of some wajīhs, and the determination of these differences has been the triangulation point of the study. After introducing al-'Unwān and al-Shātibiyya in general terms, the two works are compared within the framework of procedural disputes, and from time to time these disputes are analyzed and analyzed based on the main sources. Occasionally, the manner of extracting the relevant wajihs from the text of al-Shātibiyya with reference is explained, and at the same time, places/wajihs that are considered to be relatively complex are shown in a comparative table to simplify the study. In this way, the differences between the two works are presented in a holistic perspective and presented as a document for those who want to do research in the field.
Based on the data obtained from the study, it has been concluded that the number of exaggerations found in al-Shātibiyya but not in 'Unwān is much higher. It is seen that the disagreements between the two works are mostly based on the abandonment or preference of a wajh. It is noteworthy that some of the wajihs in al-Shātibiyya but not in 'Unwān are from al-Shātibī's ziyadīths on Taysīr. In other words, some of the wajihs that are found in al-Shātibiyya but not in 'Unwān are not found in Taysīr, the original source of al-Shātibiyya. It is also possible to come across a situation where a wajih in one of the two works is not narrated by a source other than that source. It was concluded that the number of examples that can be evaluated in this context is higher in 'Unwān than in al-Shātibiyya, and therefore al-Shātibī is unique in fewer wajjīs than al-Sarakoustī.
In the study, the main sources of the science of Qiraat were consulted for the wajihs that were the subject of disagreement between the two works and the approaches of the scholars regarding the aforementioned example were tried to be revealed. In this context, it was observed that Ibn al-Jazari, from time to time, evaluated some of the wajihs in the two aforementioned works as errors, delusions, or weaknesses, and from time to time, his statements regarding the wajihs infirad in 'Unwān or Shātibiyya were encountered. The study occasionally includes the narration sequence of the relevant wajihs in 'Unwān or al-Shātibiyya. In this framework, Ibn al-Jazari's findings and evaluations in al-Nashr and Tuhfat al-ihwān were generally taken as basis, and sometimes the relevant wajihs were analyzed by going to the original sources of al-Shātibiyya or 'Unwān. Based on all these determinations and evaluations of the wajihs subject to dispute, it is possible to say that al-Shātibiyya is more comprehensive in terms of content and more authentic in terms of narration/tradition than 'Unwān.
في هذه الدراسة تمت المقارنة بين مصنفين هما: كتاب "العون في القراءات السبع" الذي يعد من الكلاسيكيات الأساسية في علم القراءات، ومصنفين آخرين هما: "حرز الأماني ووجوه القراءات" في إطار القضايا الإجرائية. وقد تم تدريس كلا العملين وحفظهما والرجوع إليهما على نطاق واسع منذ تاريخ تأليفهما. وعلى وجه الخصوص، تتمتع الشاطبية بهوية معاصرة من خلال احتلالها مكانها بين المصادر الرئيسية في علم القراءات والمهن التي لا تزال موجودة حتى اليوم. وقد ذُكر أنه قبل كتاب "حرز الأماني" للشاطبي، كان كتاب "العون" لأبي طاهر الشاطبي هو الأكثر تدريساً وحفظاً في مصر، وكانت المقارنة بين العملين دائماً في العملية التاريخية. وعلى الرغم من أن كتاب العون والشاطبية متماثلان من حيث المضمون لاشتمالهما على معلومات وروايات عن القراءات السبع، إلا أن هناك بعض الفروق بينهما من حيث ترك بعض القراءات أو تفضيلها، وكان تحديد هذه الفروق هو نقطة التثليث في الدراسة. وبمعنى أعم، فإن الدراسة تقارن بين العملين من خلال تحليل الخلافات الإجرائية بين كتابي العون والشاطبية من خلال المصادر الرئيسية، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على تحليل هذه الخلافات.
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
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Konular | Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat |
Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Mayıs 2024 |
Kabul Tarihi | 15 Ekim 2024 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1 |