İstanbul İçin Sıcak ve Soğuk Sezon Orajlarının Analizi

Abstract

Oraj (TS), atmosferik kararsızlık sonucu dikey gelişimli Cumulonimbus (Cb) bulutlarında oluşan, 1 - 100 km mekânsal çözünürlüğe (mezo-ölçek) sahip, kuvvetli sağanak yağış, dolu, şimşek, yıldırım, hortum, türbülans ve rüzgar hamlesi ile karakterize edilen şiddetli hava fenomenidir. Nemli ve kararsız hava kütlelerinin yükselip yoğuşması sonucu meydana gelen bu fenomen, ülkemizde genellikle ilkbahar ve yaz başlarında meydana gelmektedir. Fakat son yıllarda, yaz ortalarında, sonbahar başlarında ve hatta kış aylarında da bu hadiseler sık yaşanır hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul için 2013-2022 yıllarını kapsayan 10 yıllık periyot dahilinde, sıcak sezon (Mayıs-Eylül) ve soğuk sezon (Ekim-Nisan) orajlarının karakteristikleri incelenmiş ve meydana geldiği atmosferik koşullar ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada orajlı zamanların tespiti için Sabiha Gökçen Uluslararası Havalimanı havacılık rasatları kullanılmış, yukarı seviye atmosferik parametrelere ait verilerin temini için İstanbul Kartal Radyosonde İstasyonu verileri analiz edilmiştir. Her iki dönem için de orajların tekil ya da herhangi bir hadise ile birlikte meydana gelip gelmediği incelenmiş ve istatistikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Periyot dahilinde orajların gün içi, aylık ve yıllık bazda analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, sıcak ve soğuk sezon için ayrı ayrı meteorolojik parametrelerde meydana gelen değişimler istatistiksel olarak sunulmuştur. Sıcaklık, çiy noktası sıcaklığı, rüzgar şiddeti, rüzgar yönü ve bağıl nem gibi meteorolojik parametreler hem sıcak hem de soğuk sezon orajları için istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, toplamda sekiz adet termodinamik indeks ve atmosferik kararlılık parametresi kullanılarak, sıcak ve soğuk sezon orajlarının her bir indeks ve parametredeki ortalama değişimleri incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Fırtına
• Oraj
• Şimşek
• Dolu
• Şiddetli Yağış
• İstanbul

Analysis of Warm and Cold Season Thunderstorms for Istanbul

Abstract

A thunderstorm (TS) is a severe weather phenomenon characterized by intense showers, hail, lightning, thunder, tornadoes, turbulence, and gusty winds. It occurs in vertically developed Cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds due to atmospheric instability and has a spatial resolution (meso-scale) of 1 - 100 km. This phenomenon occurs mainly in spring and early summer in our country due to the uplift and condensation of moist and unstable air masses. However, in recent years, these events have become more frequent during mid-summer, early autumn, and even winter months. In this study, the characteristics of TS events in Istanbul, covering the period from 2013 to 2022, including the warm season (May-September) and the cold season (October-April), were examined, and the atmospheric conditions under which they occur were identified. Aviation observations from Sabiha Gökçen International Airport were used to determine the occurrence of TS events, and data from Istanbul Kartal Radiosonde Station were analyzed to obtain upper-level atmospheric parameters. The occurrence of individual TS events or their association with other phenomena was investigated, and the statistics were presented. The daily, monthly, and yearly analyses of TS events during the period were conducted, and the changes in meteorological parameters for both the warm and cold seasons were statistically presented. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity were analyzed for both warm and cold season TS events. Additionally, the average changes in each thermodynamic index and atmospheric stability parameter for hot and cold season oraj events were examined using a total of eight indices and parameters.

Keywords

• Storm
• Thunderstorm
• Lightning
• Hail
• Heavy Precipitation
• Istanbul

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