Comparison of Direct Runoff Hydrographs of Two Ungauged Sub-Basins Using Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Approach

Abstract

The aim of this study is to estimate the direct runoff hydrographs at the outlets of two ungauged sub-basins which have similar drainage areas and elongation ratios. For the analysis, two neighboring sub-basins of Araç Creek located in the Western Black Sea Basin were selected. Drainage networks of the sub-basins were created via ArcGIS and some morphometric parameters were calculated. Unit hydrographs for two sub-basins were estimated using Nash’s instantaneous unit hydrograph method. In order to compare the hydrographs of two sub-basins under similar conditions, hydrologic analysis was performed using the same curve number and precipitation model in HEC-HMS hydrologic model. According to the model results, peak discharges in sub-basin 1 and sub-basin 2 were found to be 18.71 and 27.83 m³/s, respectively, and the peak discharge of sub-basin 2 was found to be 49% higher than that of sub-basin 1. Furthermore, time to peak of the sub-basin 2 was estimated as 5 hours while it was 7 hours for the sub-basin 1. According to the calculated hydrographs, it was concluded that sub-basin 2 was more susceptible to flash floods than sub-basin 1. The adopted method also enables prioritization of the sub-basins according to the flash flood potential. During design stage of hydraulic structures located on rivers without flow measurements, hydrograph and peak flow discharges can be estimated by using this method where properties of the sub-basins can directly be used.

Keywords

• Nash’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph,HEC-HMS,Morphometric Parameters,Araç Creek

Akım Ölçümü Alınmayan İki Alt Havzanın Dolaysız Akış Hidrograflarının Anlık Birim Hidrograf Yaklaşımıyla Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı akım ölçümü alınmayan, birbirine yakın drenaj alanına ve uzunluk oranına sahip iki alt havzanın çıkış noktasında dolaysız akış hidrograflarını tahmin etmektir. Bunun için Batı Karadeniz Havzası’nda yer alan Araç Çayı’nın iki komşu alt havzası seçilmiştir. ArcGIS programı yardımıyla alt havzaların drenaj ağı oluşturulmuş ve bazı morfometrik parametreleri hesaplanmıştır. Nash anlık birim hidrograf yöntemiyle alt havzaların birim hidrografı tahmin edilmiştir. Alt havzaların hidrograflarının eşit durumlarda karşılaştırılabilmesi için aynı eğri numarası ve yağış modeli kullanılarak HEC-HMS hidrolojik modeli yardımıyla analizleri yapılmıştır. Model sonuçlarına göre alt havza 1 ve alt havza 2’de meydana gelen pik debiler sırasıyla 18.71 ve 27.83 m³/s olup alt havza 2 pik debisinin alt havza 1 pik debisinden %49 daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, alt havza 2’de pik debiye gelme süresi 5 saatken, alt havza 1’in pik debiye gelme süresi 7 saat olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan hidrograflara göre alt havza 2’nin alt havza 1’e göre ani taşkına daha duyarlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İzlenen yöntem alt havzaların anlık taşkın potansiyellerine göre önceliklendirilmesine de olanak sağlar. Akım ölçümü olmayan akarsular üzerinde yapılması planlanan hidrolik yapıların projelendirilmesi sırasında bu yöntem takip edilerek alt havzanın kendi özelliklerini doğrudan kullanarak hidrograf ve pik debi tahmini yapılabilir.

Keywords

• HEC-HMS,Araç Çayı,Nash Anlık Birim Hidrografı,Morfometrik Parametreler

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