İSLÂM YARGI SİSTEMİNE GÖRE DNA VE PARMAK İZİNİN DELİL OLMA DEĞERİ

All rights under the law need evidence to prove. Because the proof is like the essence of the truth and the soul in the human body. In the judicial system, the judge needs some material evidence not only according to the claims of the claiming party, but also to confirm these allegations. In this context, it is extremely important to reach the material truth. As a matter of fact, it is always possible to experience contentious cases between individuals in private legal transactions and in the field of criminal law. Therefore, it is possible for the rightful owner to get his/her rights and to relax the conscience of the society when the truth is revealed. In this context, the scorers that are determined as almost silent witnesses at the scene of the crime determine a direction for the judge. In the perspective of the understanding of justice in Islamic law, scorecards have a great importance for proving rights, they are evaluated within the concept of declaration and some provisions have been given with them. In this context, in our study, we tried to examine the value of DNA and fingerprints as evidence, which are among the contemporary means of proof. As a reference, we mostly based on the views of scholars in countries where Islamic Law is currently being applied. We also tried to compare these views with the data of positive law. The science of fiqh is a science that regulates both the creator of the person and the relationship with other people, and in this sense, it is a science that includes worship and law, and due to these features, it is one of the disciplines that have guided the life of Islamic societies throughout history. The basis of this science is based on revelation and it has been systematized and developed with human efforts. In this case, it has become a matter of debate among scholars whether the limited texts are sufficient for the problems of the age. Islamic jurists believe that although the legal problems increase with the passage of time, the fiqh method will find solutions and respond to these issues within its own dynamism. Because fiqh is based on the socioeconomic, cultural, and political infrastructure that existed both in the decline of revelation and during the formation of sects. Taking this historical tradition along with it, Islamic Law scholars sought answers to today's problems in the light of the verses. Because, ijtihad has become both a religious duty and a necessity of practical life for Islamic jurists to solve the problems of fiqh that have just arisen in the society.

Hukukta tüm haklar ispat için bir delile ihtiyaç duyar. Çünkü ispat, hakkın özüdür ve insan bedenindeki ruh gibidir. Yargı sisteminde hâkim, hüküm verirken sadece iddia eden tarafın söylemleri ile yetinmez, ayrıca bu iddiaları doğrulayacak birtakım maddi delillere ihtiyaç duyar. Bu bağlamda maddi gerçeğe ulaşılması son derece önemlidir. Nitekim özel hukuki muamelelerde ve ceza hukuku alanında şahıslar arasında çekişmeli vakıaların yaşanması her zaman mümkündür. Bu yüzden hak sahibinin hakkına kavuşması ve toplum vicdanın rahatlaması gerçeğin ortaya çıkmasıyla mümkündür. Bu çerçevede olay yerinde adeta sessiz şahitler hükmünde bulunup tespit edilen karîneler hâkime bir yön tayin etmektedir. İslâm hukuku adalet anlayışı perspektifinde de hak ispatı için yine karîneler çok büyük bir öneme sahip olup beyyine kavramı içerisinde değerlendirilmiş ve kendileriyle bir takım hükümler verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda biz de çalışmamızda çağdaş ispat vasıtalarından DNA (genetik benzerlik, insan yapı taşları/genotip) ve Parmak İzi (fenotip)’nin delil olma değerini irdelemeye çalıştık. Referans olarak da daha çok İslâm Hukukunun güncel olarak uygulandığı ülkelerdeki âlimlerin görüşlerini esas aldık. Ayrıca bu görüşleri pozitif hukukun verileriyle de karşılaştırma yoluna gittik.