Development of a “Pictorial Values Scale for Children”: A Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument the Pictorial Values Scale for Children (PVSC) to assess value awareness among preschool and primary school-aged children. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study included expert-based content validity procedures, pilot testing, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Content validity was established through evaluations provided by ten field experts. A pilot study with 250 children preceded the EFA conducted on a sample of 517, which revealed a two-factor structure Social and Societal Values (SSV) and Personal, Moral, and Emotional Values (PMEV) explaining 61.4% of the total variance. The CFA, performed with an independent sample of 500, confirmed the proposed factor structure and demonstrated excellent model fit indices (CFI = .98, RMSEA = .060, SRMR = .039). Reliability analyses indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .91 for SSV, α = .71 for PMEV, and α = .91 for the overall scale), supporting the robustness of the instrument. The PVSC, encompassing 15 core values presented through pictorial Likert-type items, is a valid, reliable, and age-appropriate tool for measuring young children’s value awareness.

Keywords

• Values Education
• Scale Development
• Picture Based Values Scale
• Pictorial Values Scale

Çocuklar için Resimli Değerler Ölçeği'nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışma, okul öncesi ve ilkokul dönemindeki çocukların değer farkındalıklarını ölçmek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olan Çocuklar İçin Resimli Değerler Ölçeği (ÇRDÖ)’nün geliştirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Betimsel tarama modeline dayanan araştırma süreci; kapsam geçerliği çalışması, pilot uygulama, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) aşamalarını içermektedir. Kapsam geçerliği, alanında uzman on akademisyenin görüşleriyle sağlanmıştır. Pilot uygulama 250 çocukla gerçekleştirilmiş, ardından 517 çocuktan elde edilen verilerle yapılan AFA sonucunda, Sosyal ve Toplumsal Değerler (STD) ile Kişisel, Ahlaki ve Duygusal Değerler (KADD) olmak üzere iki faktörlü bir yapı belirlenmiştir. Bu iki faktör toplam varyansın %61,4’ünü açıklamaktadır. Bağımsız bir örneklemden (n = 500) elde edilen DFA sonuçları, modelin mükemmel uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (CFI = .98, RMSEA = .060, SRMR = .039). Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizleri yüksek iç tutarlılık düzeylerini göstermiştir (Cronbach alfa: STD = .91, KADD = .71, toplam ölçek = .91). On beş temel değeri resimli Likert tipi maddelerle ölçen ÇRDÖ, çocukların değer farkındalıklarını değerlendirmede geçerli, güvenilir ve yaşa uygun bir ölçme aracıdır.

Keywords

• Değerler Eğitimi
• Ölçek Geliştirme
• Resim Temelli Değerler Ölçeği
• Görsel Değerler Ölçeği

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