Philosophical Sources of Holistic Education

Abstract

An educational approach known as “holistic education” emerged in the United States from the intellectual and cultural unrest of the 1960s and 1970s. Essentially, holistic education is concerned with the spiritual dimension of human development and with the diversity of human experience. In part, the movement has represented a personal search for freedom, individuality, and expansion of human potentials. In a larger sense, however, holistic education expresses the confluence of several well grounded philosophical and cultural streams, including systems theory and integral philosophy, transpersonal psychology, scientific theory that reflects the influence of quantum mechanics, ecological consciousness, globalism and feminism. Holistic pedagogy also has its roots in diverse alternative approaches that developed during the course of the twentieth century, in the work of Montessori, Dewey, Steiner and other radical educators. Although the holistic education movement is still small and widely scattered, it offers a critique of modernist assumptions underlying education and schooling, and suggests new approaches more congruent with a sustainable global civilization.

Keywords

• Holistic Education, New Educational Approaches, Critical Pedagogies.

Bütüncül Eğitimin Felsefi Kaynakları

Abstract

"Bütüncül eğitim" olarak bilinen eğitim yaklaşımı 1960 ve 1970'lerde Amerika'daki entelektüel ve kültürel rahatsızlıkla yükselişe geçti. Bütüncül eğitim temelde insan gelişiminin manevi boyutları ve insanî tecrübenin çeşitliliği ile ilişkilidir. Kısmen, hareket bireysel özgürlük arayışı, bireysellik ve insan potansiyelinin genişletimini temsil eder. Bununla birlikte, daha geniş anlamda ise bütüncül eğitim sistemler teorisi ve entegral felsefe, transpersonal psikoloji, kuantum mekaniğinden etkilerini yansıtan bilimsel teori, ekolojik bilinçlilik, globalism ve feminizm dahil olmak üzere bir kaç sağlam temelli felsefi ve kültürel akımın karışımını ifade eder. Bütüncül pedagoji ayrıca köklerini 20. yüzyıl boyunca gelişen Montessori, Dewey, Steiner ve diğer radikal eğitimcilerin çalışmalarında çeşitli alternatif yaklaşımlarda bulmaktadır. Bütüncül eğitim hala küçük ve geniş ölçüde dağınık bir görüntü arz etsede eğitim ve okullaşma ile ilgili modernist varsayımlara bir kritik sunmakta ve güçlendirilebilir bir global medeniyet için daha uyumlu yaklaşımlar teklif etmektedir.

Keywords

• Bütüncül Eğitim, Eğitimde Yeni Paradigmalar, Eleştirel Pedagojiler.

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