Montessori Eğitim Yaklaşımının Din Eğitimine Uygulanması: Godly Play Örneği

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 38, 235 - 266, 25.12.2019

Cemil Oruç

https://doi.org/10.34234/ded.552117

Cited By: 9

Abstract

Maria Montessori
çocuk eğitimi konusunda hem teorik hem de uygulamalı birçok çalışma
gerçekleştirmiştir. Montessori’nin çalışmaları incelendiğinde hem çocuk
eğitiminde hem de -çok bilinmemekle birlikte- din eğitiminde özgün girişimlerde
bulunduğu görülür. Çalışmamız; Montessori’nin din eğitimi konusundaki
uygulamalarını farklı yönleri ile ele almayı, Jerome W. Berryman’ın
geliştirdiği Godly Play yaklaşımını
teorik temeller ve uygulama süreçleri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler doküman
inceleme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Montessori’nin yaklaşık 20
yıl kaldığı Barselona’da kurduğu okulda uygulamalı din eğitimine ayrı bir önem
verdiği görülmüştür. Sistematik ve teorik bir din eğitiminin değil, çocukların
gelişim düzeylerine göre düzenlenmiş uygun bir çevrede ve okul ortamında,
tecrübeye ve çalışmaya dayalı bir din ve maneviyat eğitiminin mümkün olduğunu uygulamalı
olarak göstermiştir. Onun eğitim anlayışını daha sistematik bir hale getiren
Berryman, bazı yönleriyle Montessori geleneğinden ayrılmakla birlikte, temelde
Montessori’ye dayanan erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitiminin Protestan yorumunu
geliştirmiştir. Bu yaklaşımda; İncil kıssalarının sınıf ortamında uygun
materyaller ile sergilenebileceği ve bunların çocukların dünyasına dâhil
edilebileceği iddia edilir. Bunu sağlamak için ayinlerden ziyade çocukların
Tanrı’nın kelamı ile baş başa kalacakları ve ilgili materyalden kendi
anlamlarını çıkaracakları Montessori sınıfları düzenlenmiştir. Çalışma
sonucunda söz konusu yaklaşımın uygun yöntem ve içerik düzenlemeleri ile diğer
dinler için de kullanılabileceği görülmüştür. 

Keywords

Maria Montessori, Jerome W. Berryman, Godly Play, Din eğitimi, Erken Çocukluk

Application of Montessori Educational Approach to Religious Education: The case of Godly Play

Abstract

Maria Montessori carried out both theoretical and practical studies on
child education. When Montessori's studies are examined, it is seen that she made
original contributions both in education of children and - although not very
well known – in religious education. The purpose of this study is to examine
the different aspects of Montessori's practices on religious education and to
examine the Godly Play approach
developed by Berryman in terms of theoretical foundations and application
processes. Qualitative research method was used for this purpose. Data was collected
through document review. At the end of the study, it is concluded that
Montessori gave special importance to applied religious education in the school
she founded in Barcelona where she stayed for 20 years. She practically
demonstrated that it is possible to study religion and spirituality based on
experience and work in a suitable school environment which arranged according
to the level of development of children, not a systematic and theoretical
religious education. Berryman has developed her educational approach and made it
more systematic. Although he has diverged markedly from the Montessori
tradition, he has developed a Protestant interpretation of early childhood
religious education. In this approach; it is claimed that the Bible stories can
be included with appropriate materials in the classroom environment and they
can be introduced to the world of children. In order to achieve this goal, the
classes should be organized as Montessori’s style, where children would be left
alone with the word of God, and they would get meaning from the material
themselves. As a result, it can be argued that this approach can be used for
other religions with appropriate method and content arrangements.

Keywords

Maria Montessori, Jerome W. Berryman, Godly Play, Early childhood, Religious education

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