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Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 21 - 86

Abstract

Uluslararası hukukta deniz emniyeti ve güvenliğinin teminine yönelik devletleri bağlayıcı pek çok yükümlülük bulunurken devletler, denizlerde denetim, gözetim, müdahale ve arama kurtarma gibi birtakım faaliyetleri yerine getirmekle mükelleftir. Devletlerin bu yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmesi için deniz kuvvetlerinden veya polis teşkilatından ayrı bir sahil güvenlik teşkilatı kurmaları zorunlu olmasa da birçok devlet bu konuda bir kolluk gücü olarak sahil güvenlik teşkilatlarını yetkilendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada devletlerin genellikle sahil güvenlik birimlerini yetkilendirdiği deniz emniyeti ve güvenliğine ilişkin öne çıkan uluslararası yükümlülüklerinden bahsedilecek, sahil güvenlik teşkilatlarının temel özellikleri ve uluslararası hukuktaki yerine değinilecek ve seçilmiş bazı devletlerdeki bu teşkilatların kurumsal yapısı ve görevleri ele alınacaktır.

References

  • 14 US Code § 101 (1949)
  • 1969 Gemilerin Tonilatolarını Ölçme Uluslararası Sözleşmesi (kabul tarihi 23 Haziran 1969, yürürlük tarihi 18 Temmuz 1982) 1291 UNTS 3.
  • 1979 Denizde Arama ve Kurtarma Uluslararası Sözleşmesi (kabul tarihi 27 Nisan 1979, yürürlük tarihi 22 Haziran 1985) 1405 UNTS 97.
  • ‘About’ (US Coast Guard) <www.uscg.mil/about> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘About Us’ (Maritime and Coastguard Agency) <www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ maritime-and-coastguard-agency/about> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • Agreement on Illicit Traffic by Sea, implementing Article 17 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1995.
  • Bateman S, ‘The Growing Significance of Coast Guards in the Asia-Pacific: A Quiet Development in Regional Maritime Security’ (2006) 20 Ocean Yearbook Online 505.
  • Brown AA, ‘Sea Transport of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes’, Ken B. Sorenson (ed) Safe and Secure Transport and Storage of Radioactive Materials (Woodhead 2015) 155, 156.
  • Bueger C, ‘What Is Maritime Security?’ (2015) 53 Marine Policy 159.
  • Case concerning the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels (No.26) (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) (Provisional Measures, Order) ITLOS Reports 2019, 299-300.
  • ‘Canadian Coast Guard Overview and Programs’ (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) <dfo-mpo.gc.ca/transparency-transparence/mtb-ctm/2022/1-a3-ccg-gcc-eng.html> s.e.t. 29 Temmuz 2023.
  • Canca HS, Devletlerin Gemilere Müdahale Yetki ve Yükümlülükleri (Seçkin 2015) 90.
  • Cave D, ‘China Creates a Coast Guard Like No Other, Seeking Supremacy in Asian Seas’ The New York Times (New York, 12 Haziran 2023) <nytimes.com/2023/06/12/world/asia/china-coast-guard.html> s.e.t. 19 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Centre Opérationnel de La Fonction Garde-Côtes (COFGC)’ (Gouvernement.fr) <gouvernement.fr/ centre-operationnel-de-la-fonction-garde-cotes-cofgc-2956> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Charter of Duties’ (Indian Coast Guard) <indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1574_1_CharterofDuties. aspx> s.e.t. 7 Ağustos 2023.
  • Christodoulou-Varotsi I, Maritime Safety Law and Policies of the European Union and the United States of America: Antagonism or Synergy? (Springer 2009)
  • ‘Coast Guard’ (Encyclopedia Britannica) <britannica.com/topic/coast-guard> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China’ (National People's Congress of China) <npc.gov.cn/npc/c30834/202101/ec50f62e31a6434bb6682d435a906045.shtml> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988.
  • Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972.
  • Cook v. United States 288 US 102 (1933)
  • ‘Definition of Coast Guard’ (Merriam-Webster) <merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coast+guard> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • Doğru S, ‘Uluslararası Hukukta Seyrüsefer Serbestliği ve Deniz Güvenliği’, (DPhil thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi 2008)
  • Ergüven NS, ‘Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Deniz Güvenliğinin Sağlanması’ (DPhil thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi 2016)
  • Frommer AM, ‘The British Hovering Acts: A contribution to the Study of the Contiguous Zone’ (1981-1982) Revue belge de droit international 434.
  • ‘Functions’ (Philippine Coast Guard) <https://coastguard.gov.ph/index.php/transparency/ functions> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Hovering Act Law and Legal Definition’ (US Legal Inc.) <definitions.uslegal.com/h/hovering-act> s.e.t. 19 Temmuz 2023.
  • International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.
  • International Convention on Load Lines, 1966.
  • International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979.
  • International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978.
  • International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.
  • IMO Res (2007) A.1002(25).
  • — (2009) MSC.282(86),
  • — (2013) MSC.350(92).
  • — (2021) A.1155(32).
  • Iwanami S, ‘The Growth of Coast Guard Agencies Worldwide and the Current Situation on Their Cooperation’ (2022) Ocean Newsletter-Selected Papers 24.
  • ‘Japan Coast Guard 2023’ (Japan Coast Guard) <https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/pdf/r05_en.pdf> s.e.t. 29 Temmuz 2023.
  • Karan H, ‘Turkey’s Maritime Compliance and Enforcement of International Law of the Sea, Particularly Irregular Migration in the Aegean Sea Region’ Myron H Nordquist, John Norton Moore, Ronán Long (eds)
  • Legal Order in the World’s Oceans (Brill 2017) 409.
  • Kıta Sahanlığında Bulunan Sabit Platformların Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair 10 Mart 1988 Protokolü (kabul tarihi 10 Mart 1988, yürürlük tarihi 1 Mart 1992) 1678 UNTS 201
  • Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü, 2018 Yılı Sektör Raporu (2018)
  • Kızılsümer Özer D, ‘Uluslararası Hukuk ve Denizde Yasadışı Faaliyetlerin Önlenmesi’ (2015) 17 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 27.
  • Kim SK, Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement (CUP 2020)
  • Klein N, Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea (OUP 2011)
  • — ‘Meaning, Scope, and Significance of Informal Lawmaking in the Law of the Sea’ Natalie Klein (ed) Unconventional Lawmaking in the Law of the Sea (OUP 2022)
  • Kraska J, Pedrozo R, International Maritime Security Law (Martinus Nijhoff 2013)
  • Kuran S, ‘Savaş Gemilerinin Dokunulmazlığı ve Yargı Bağışıklığı’ (2005) 25 Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 229.
  • ‘La Gendarmerie Maritime’ (Gendarmerie nationale) <gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr/notre-institution/notre-organisation/la-gendarmerie-maritime> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • Lyle J. Morris, ‘Blunt Defenders of Sovereignty - The Rise of Coast Guards in East and Southeast Asia’ (2017) 70 Naval War College Review 1.
  • M/V ‘Saiga’ (No. 2) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea) (Judgment) ITLOS Reports 1999.
  • Our History’ (HM Coastguard) <hmcoastguard.uk/history> s.e.t. 30 Temmuz 2023.
  • Østhagen A, Coast Guards and Ocean Politics in the Arctic (Springer Nature 2020)
  • Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, 1978.
  • Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 2005.
  • Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005.
  • Protocol to the Convention of 10 March 1988 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988.
  • Regulation (EC) No 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on enhancing ship and port facility security [2004] OJ L 129/6.
  • Republic Act No. 9993 (2009)
  • Reuland RC, ‘The Customary Right of Hot Pursuit Onto the High Seas: Annotations to Article 111 of the Law of the Sea Convention’ (1993) 33 Virginia J of Intl L 557.
  • ‘Roles and Responsibilities’ (Hellenic Coast Guard) <hcg.gr/en/organization/duties> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı Teşkilat, Görev ve Yetkileri Yönetmeliği, RG 21.01.2017/29955.
  • Shaw MN, Uluslarararası Hukuk (B.8, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi 2018)
  • Shearer I, ‘Law Enforcement Roles of Navies and Coast Guards’ (1998) 71 Intl L Studies 429.
  • TBMM, Denizde Seyir Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair Sözleşme ile Kıta Sahanlığında Bulunan Sabit Platformların Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair Protokol’ün Onaylanmasının Uygun Bulunduğu Hakkında Kanun Tasarısı ve Komisyon Raporları (Dönem 18, Yasama Yılı 3, 1988)
  • ‘Tarihçe’ (Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı) <sg.gov.tr/tarihce> s.e.t. 25 Kasım 2023.
  • T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı, ‘Uygulama Talimatı’ (S.2013-11, 04.04.2013)
  • The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954.
  • ‘The Norwegian Coast Guard’ (Forsvaret) <forsvaret.no/en/organisation/navy/coastguardnorway> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Thomas AR, Duncan JC (eds), International Law Studies Volume 73: Annotated Supplement to The Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations (Naval War College 1999)
  • Türk Dil Kurumu, ‘Emniyet’, ‘Güvenlik’ (Güncel Türkçe Sözlük) <sozluk.gov.tr> s.e.t. 25 Kasım 2023.
  • UNGA ‘Oceans and the Law of the Sea: Report of the Secretary-General’ (2008) UN Doc A/63/63.
  • — Res 63/111 (5 Aralık 2008) UN Doc A/RES/63/111.
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.
  • UNSC Res 1816 (2 Haziran 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1816.
  • — 1838 (07 Ekim 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1838.
  • — 1846 (2 Aralık 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1846.
  • — 1851 (16 Aralık 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1851.
  • US Coast Guard, Doctrine for the U. S. Coast Guard (2014)
  • ‘US Coast Guard History’(US Coast Guard) <www.history.uscg.mil/home/history-program> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • Zou K, ‘Maritime Enforcement of United Nations Security Council Resolutions: Use of Force and Coercive Measures’ (2011) 26 Intl J of Marine and Coastal L 235

Coast Guard Organisations in the Context of Maritime Safety and Security Regulations in International Law

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 21 - 86

Abstract

International law imposes a number of obligations on states to ensure maritime safety and security. These obligations include activities such as supervision, surveillance, intervention, and search and rescue. Although states are not required to establish a separate coast guard organisation from their naval forces or police forces to fulfil these obligations, many states have authorized coast guard organisations to act as law enforcement agencies for this purpose. This paper discusses the prominent international obligations regarding maritime safety and security, in which states generally authorize coast guard units, the basic features and place of coast guard organisations in international law, and the institutional structure and functions of these organisations in selected states.

References

  • 14 US Code § 101 (1949)
  • 1969 Gemilerin Tonilatolarını Ölçme Uluslararası Sözleşmesi (kabul tarihi 23 Haziran 1969, yürürlük tarihi 18 Temmuz 1982) 1291 UNTS 3.
  • 1979 Denizde Arama ve Kurtarma Uluslararası Sözleşmesi (kabul tarihi 27 Nisan 1979, yürürlük tarihi 22 Haziran 1985) 1405 UNTS 97.
  • ‘About’ (US Coast Guard) <www.uscg.mil/about> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘About Us’ (Maritime and Coastguard Agency) <www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ maritime-and-coastguard-agency/about> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • Agreement on Illicit Traffic by Sea, implementing Article 17 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1995.
  • Bateman S, ‘The Growing Significance of Coast Guards in the Asia-Pacific: A Quiet Development in Regional Maritime Security’ (2006) 20 Ocean Yearbook Online 505.
  • Brown AA, ‘Sea Transport of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes’, Ken B. Sorenson (ed) Safe and Secure Transport and Storage of Radioactive Materials (Woodhead 2015) 155, 156.
  • Bueger C, ‘What Is Maritime Security?’ (2015) 53 Marine Policy 159.
  • Case concerning the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels (No.26) (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) (Provisional Measures, Order) ITLOS Reports 2019, 299-300.
  • ‘Canadian Coast Guard Overview and Programs’ (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) <dfo-mpo.gc.ca/transparency-transparence/mtb-ctm/2022/1-a3-ccg-gcc-eng.html> s.e.t. 29 Temmuz 2023.
  • Canca HS, Devletlerin Gemilere Müdahale Yetki ve Yükümlülükleri (Seçkin 2015) 90.
  • Cave D, ‘China Creates a Coast Guard Like No Other, Seeking Supremacy in Asian Seas’ The New York Times (New York, 12 Haziran 2023) <nytimes.com/2023/06/12/world/asia/china-coast-guard.html> s.e.t. 19 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Centre Opérationnel de La Fonction Garde-Côtes (COFGC)’ (Gouvernement.fr) <gouvernement.fr/ centre-operationnel-de-la-fonction-garde-cotes-cofgc-2956> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Charter of Duties’ (Indian Coast Guard) <indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1574_1_CharterofDuties. aspx> s.e.t. 7 Ağustos 2023.
  • Christodoulou-Varotsi I, Maritime Safety Law and Policies of the European Union and the United States of America: Antagonism or Synergy? (Springer 2009)
  • ‘Coast Guard’ (Encyclopedia Britannica) <britannica.com/topic/coast-guard> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China’ (National People's Congress of China) <npc.gov.cn/npc/c30834/202101/ec50f62e31a6434bb6682d435a906045.shtml> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988.
  • Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972.
  • Cook v. United States 288 US 102 (1933)
  • ‘Definition of Coast Guard’ (Merriam-Webster) <merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coast+guard> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • Doğru S, ‘Uluslararası Hukukta Seyrüsefer Serbestliği ve Deniz Güvenliği’, (DPhil thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi 2008)
  • Ergüven NS, ‘Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Deniz Güvenliğinin Sağlanması’ (DPhil thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi 2016)
  • Frommer AM, ‘The British Hovering Acts: A contribution to the Study of the Contiguous Zone’ (1981-1982) Revue belge de droit international 434.
  • ‘Functions’ (Philippine Coast Guard) <https://coastguard.gov.ph/index.php/transparency/ functions> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • ‘Hovering Act Law and Legal Definition’ (US Legal Inc.) <definitions.uslegal.com/h/hovering-act> s.e.t. 19 Temmuz 2023.
  • International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.
  • International Convention on Load Lines, 1966.
  • International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979.
  • International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978.
  • International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.
  • IMO Res (2007) A.1002(25).
  • — (2009) MSC.282(86),
  • — (2013) MSC.350(92).
  • — (2021) A.1155(32).
  • Iwanami S, ‘The Growth of Coast Guard Agencies Worldwide and the Current Situation on Their Cooperation’ (2022) Ocean Newsletter-Selected Papers 24.
  • ‘Japan Coast Guard 2023’ (Japan Coast Guard) <https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/pdf/r05_en.pdf> s.e.t. 29 Temmuz 2023.
  • Karan H, ‘Turkey’s Maritime Compliance and Enforcement of International Law of the Sea, Particularly Irregular Migration in the Aegean Sea Region’ Myron H Nordquist, John Norton Moore, Ronán Long (eds)
  • Legal Order in the World’s Oceans (Brill 2017) 409.
  • Kıta Sahanlığında Bulunan Sabit Platformların Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair 10 Mart 1988 Protokolü (kabul tarihi 10 Mart 1988, yürürlük tarihi 1 Mart 1992) 1678 UNTS 201
  • Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü, 2018 Yılı Sektör Raporu (2018)
  • Kızılsümer Özer D, ‘Uluslararası Hukuk ve Denizde Yasadışı Faaliyetlerin Önlenmesi’ (2015) 17 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 27.
  • Kim SK, Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement (CUP 2020)
  • Klein N, Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea (OUP 2011)
  • — ‘Meaning, Scope, and Significance of Informal Lawmaking in the Law of the Sea’ Natalie Klein (ed) Unconventional Lawmaking in the Law of the Sea (OUP 2022)
  • Kraska J, Pedrozo R, International Maritime Security Law (Martinus Nijhoff 2013)
  • Kuran S, ‘Savaş Gemilerinin Dokunulmazlığı ve Yargı Bağışıklığı’ (2005) 25 Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 229.
  • ‘La Gendarmerie Maritime’ (Gendarmerie nationale) <gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr/notre-institution/notre-organisation/la-gendarmerie-maritime> s.e.t. 17 Temmuz 2023.
  • Lyle J. Morris, ‘Blunt Defenders of Sovereignty - The Rise of Coast Guards in East and Southeast Asia’ (2017) 70 Naval War College Review 1.
  • M/V ‘Saiga’ (No. 2) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea) (Judgment) ITLOS Reports 1999.
  • Our History’ (HM Coastguard) <hmcoastguard.uk/history> s.e.t. 30 Temmuz 2023.
  • Østhagen A, Coast Guards and Ocean Politics in the Arctic (Springer Nature 2020)
  • Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, 1978.
  • Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 2005.
  • Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005.
  • Protocol to the Convention of 10 March 1988 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988.
  • Regulation (EC) No 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on enhancing ship and port facility security [2004] OJ L 129/6.
  • Republic Act No. 9993 (2009)
  • Reuland RC, ‘The Customary Right of Hot Pursuit Onto the High Seas: Annotations to Article 111 of the Law of the Sea Convention’ (1993) 33 Virginia J of Intl L 557.
  • ‘Roles and Responsibilities’ (Hellenic Coast Guard) <hcg.gr/en/organization/duties> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı Teşkilat, Görev ve Yetkileri Yönetmeliği, RG 21.01.2017/29955.
  • Shaw MN, Uluslarararası Hukuk (B.8, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi 2018)
  • Shearer I, ‘Law Enforcement Roles of Navies and Coast Guards’ (1998) 71 Intl L Studies 429.
  • TBMM, Denizde Seyir Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair Sözleşme ile Kıta Sahanlığında Bulunan Sabit Platformların Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair Protokol’ün Onaylanmasının Uygun Bulunduğu Hakkında Kanun Tasarısı ve Komisyon Raporları (Dönem 18, Yasama Yılı 3, 1988)
  • ‘Tarihçe’ (Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı) <sg.gov.tr/tarihce> s.e.t. 25 Kasım 2023.
  • T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı, ‘Uygulama Talimatı’ (S.2013-11, 04.04.2013)
  • The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954.
  • ‘The Norwegian Coast Guard’ (Forsvaret) <forsvaret.no/en/organisation/navy/coastguardnorway> s.e.t. 8 Ağustos 2023.
  • Thomas AR, Duncan JC (eds), International Law Studies Volume 73: Annotated Supplement to The Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations (Naval War College 1999)
  • Türk Dil Kurumu, ‘Emniyet’, ‘Güvenlik’ (Güncel Türkçe Sözlük) <sozluk.gov.tr> s.e.t. 25 Kasım 2023.
  • UNGA ‘Oceans and the Law of the Sea: Report of the Secretary-General’ (2008) UN Doc A/63/63.
  • — Res 63/111 (5 Aralık 2008) UN Doc A/RES/63/111.
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.
  • UNSC Res 1816 (2 Haziran 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1816.
  • — 1838 (07 Ekim 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1838.
  • — 1846 (2 Aralık 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1846.
  • — 1851 (16 Aralık 2008) UN Doc S/RES/1851.
  • US Coast Guard, Doctrine for the U. S. Coast Guard (2014)
  • ‘US Coast Guard History’(US Coast Guard) <www.history.uscg.mil/home/history-program> s.e.t. 13 Temmuz 2023.
  • Zou K, ‘Maritime Enforcement of United Nations Security Council Resolutions: Use of Force and Coercive Measures’ (2011) 26 Intl J of Marine and Coastal L 235
There are 81 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Space, Maritime and Aviation Law
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Alper Kıyak This is me 0000-0001-6417-1608

Early Pub Date May 10, 2024
Publication Date
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kıyak, A. (2024). Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları. DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law, 6(1), 21-86.
AMA Kıyak A. Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları. DEHUKAMDER. May 2024;6(1):21-86.
Chicago Kıyak, Alper. “Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti Ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları”. DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law 6, no. 1 (May 2024): 21-86.
EndNote Kıyak A (May 1, 2024) Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları. DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law 6 1 21–86.
IEEE A. Kıyak, “Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları”, DEHUKAMDER, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 21–86, 2024.
ISNAD Kıyak, Alper. “Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti Ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları”. DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law 6/1 (May 2024), 21-86.
JAMA Kıyak A. Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları. DEHUKAMDER. 2024;6:21–86.
MLA Kıyak, Alper. “Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti Ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları”. DEHUKAM Journal of the Sea and Maritime Law, vol. 6, no. 1, 2024, pp. 21-86.
Vancouver Kıyak A. Uluslararası Hukuktaki Deniz Emniyeti ve Güvenliği Düzenlemeleri Bağlamında Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatları. DEHUKAMDER. 2024;6(1):21-86.