New Generation Railway Sleepers and Experimental Research of Domestic FRP Reinforcement Use

Öz

Billions of sleepers are used on railways around the world today. As the share of railways in the transportation sector is increasing, the demand for sleepers is also increasing. Due to the various capacity problems of the sleepers, a significant number of them need to be replaced every year. For this reason, a significant part of the budgets of the railway organizations have to be devoted to sleeper maintenance operations. On the other hand, “new generation” feasible solutions have become compulsory due to the high speed modern railway operations. Production of billions of sleepers have significant environmental damage due to extra cement, aggregate, steel and fuel consumption. Today, many countries around the world have various sleeper patents suitable for their operating conditions and local resources. In addition, in the "new generation" sleeper models; high-cost solutions that can meet today's low maintenance requirements have become a must. On the other hand, steel reinforcements used in the construction industry have various disadvantages such as corrosion and fatigue. In this context, the use of fiber reinforced polymer reinforcements in railway sleepers, which has started to replace steel reinforcements in developed countries, has been seen as an alternative solution. In this article, after mentioning the various problems of existing reinforced concrete sleepers in the current literature, the possibility of solving these problems by using domestic glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymer raw materials is investigated in the light of experimental studies. As a result, positive results have been obtained in terms of developing innovative national sleeper models with lower cost and higher service life than their counterparts in the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• New Generation Railway Sleepers
• Railroad Ties
• Fiber Reinforced Polymers (frp)
• Reinforcement Corrosion and Fatigue
• Sustainable Transportation
• Life Cycle Assessment

Yeni Nesil Demiryolu Traversleri ve Yerli FRP Donatı Kullanımının Deneysel Araştırması

Öz

Ülkemizde ve dünyada ulaştırma sektöründe demiryollarının payı gittikçe arttığından, demiryolu üstyapı elemanlarından biri olan traverslere duyulan talep de artmaktadır. Günümüzde dünya genelinde demiryollarında milyarlarca travers kullanımdadır. Yeni inşa edilen demiryollarının ihtiyacı olan travers üretiminin yanı sıra, 40-50 yıllık servis ömrünü tamamlayamadan erken deforme olan önemli miktarda traversin de her yıl değiştirilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu yüzden demiryolu kuruluşlarının bütçelerinin önemli bir kısmı travers kaynaklı bakım işlemlerine ayrılmak zorundadır. Dünya genelinde milyarlarca travers üretiminin ekstra çimento, agrega, çelik, yakıt tüketimi doğurması nedeniyle çevreye önemli zararı söz konusu olduğu gibi modern demiryolu işletmeciliğinde yüksek hız ve sefer sayıları nedeniyle, düşük bakım gerektiren “yeni nesil” çözümler geliştirilmesi mecburiyet halini almıştır. Diğer taraftan inşaat sektöründe kullanılmakta olan çelik donatıların korozyon ve yorulma gibi çeşitli dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerde çelik donatıların yerini almaya başlayan fiber takviyeli polimer (FRP) donatıların demiryolu traverslerinde kullanımı alternatif bir çözüm olarak görülmüştür. Bu makalede, klasik betonarme traverslerin güncel literatürde geçen çeşitli sorunlarına ve son yıllarda geliştirilen yeni nesil çözümlere değinildikten sonra, bu sorunların yerli cam ve karbon fiber takviyeli polimer hammaddeler kullanılarak çözümlenebilme ihtimali ray mesnedinde statik yüklemeli pozitif moment deneyleri ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta dünyadaki emsallerinden daha düşük maliyetli ve daha yüksek servis ömrüne sahip inovatif milli travers modelleri geliştirilmesi adına olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeni nesil demiryolu traversleri
• Fiber takviyeli polimerler (frp)
• Donatı korozyonu ve yorulması
• Sürdürülebilir ulaştırma
• Servis ömrü odaklı fizibilite etüdü

Kaynakça

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