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Türkiye’de Dizelli Tren İşletmeciliğinde Enerji Verimliliği ve Emisyonların Araştırılması

Year 2023, Issue: 18, 162 - 170, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1322615

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de dizelli lokomotiflerle yapılan yük ve yolcu taşımacılığı kaynaklı enerji verimliliği ve yıllık emisyon miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Verimlilikte ana kriter hamton.km olarak alınmış, 2013-2017 yıllarını kapsayan 5 yıllık dönem için 1 hamton.km seyir için harcanan yakıt ve 1 litre yakıt ile gidilen hamton.km değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Dönem sonuna göre, 1 hamton.km seyir için harcanan yakıt miktarının azaldığı ve 1 litre yakıt ile gidilen hamton.km değerinin arttığı görülmüştür. HC, CO, NOx ve PM10 kirleticilerinden oluşan emisyon toplamının 2014 yılında zirve yaptığı, sonraki yıllarda azaldığı gözlenmiştir. CO ve NOx emisyonları en yüksek miktar olmuştur. Çözümler olarak; elektrikli loko kullanımının arttırılması, maden cevheri vb. ağır tonajlı taşıma yapılan işletme bölgelerinde taşımaların E lokolarla yapılması, enerji giderinin ve emisyonların azaltılmasında TSİ sisteminin yaygınlaşması ile, yoğun yük taşımacılığı yapılan bölgelerde çift hat yapımına öncelik verilmesi önerileri yapılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Project Number

Yoktur

Thanks

TCDD ve TCDD Taşımacılık yetkililerine teşekkürü bir borç biliyorum.

References

  • [1] Resmi gazete, “Türkiye’de demiryolu ulaştırmasının serbestleştirilmesi hakkında kanun,” 1.5.2013 tarih ve 28634 sayılı, 2013
  • [2] F. Dincer and T. Elbir, “Estimating national exhaust emissions from railway vehicles in Turkey,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 374, pp. 127–134, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.043
  • [3] M. M. Biliaiev, T I Rusakova, V A Kozachyna, O V Berlov, V M Poltoratska, and Z M Yakubovska, “Simulation of environmental pollution from diesel locomotive”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 985, 012019, 2020
  • [4] Ö. F. Cansız, K. Ünsalan, “Türkiye demiryolları karbon ayak izinin temel bileşen analizi destekli yapay sinir ağları yöntemi ile tahmini,” Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 11(1), pp. 314-324, 2021
  • [5] A. Heinold, “Comparing emission estimation models for rail freight transportation,” Transportation Research Part D vol. 86, 102468, 2020
  • [6] Y. K. Kim, J. Y. Lee, Y. Rhee, Y. Y. Chun, “Country-specific greenhouse gas emission factors of diesel-electric locomotive in Korea,” Transportation Research Part D vol. 57, pp. 74–83, 2017
  • [7] Y. Bıyık ve G. Civelekoğlu, “Isparta ilinde karayolu kaynaklı karbon ayak izinin hesaplanması,” Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, vol. 4, iss. 2, pp. 78-87, 2020
  • [8] S. K. Annadanam and S. H. Kota “Emission of greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants from railways in India estimated using a modified top-down approach,” Journal, of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, 610e617, 2019
  • [9] H. Jiang, H. Zhang, M. Fu, Z. Huang, H. Ni, H. Yin, Y. Ding, “Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources: Compilation approaches, data acquisition methods, and case studies,” Journal of Environmental Sciences vol. 123, pp. 460-475, 2023
  • [10] E. Lindgreen and S. C. Sorenson, Simulation of Energy Consumption and Emissions from Rail Traffic Evaluation, Workpackage 700: Emission estimating methodology for rail transport, assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 2005.
  • [11] TCDD resmi web sitesi, 2023. https://www.tcdd.gov.tr/kurumsal/hakkinda [Erişim 05.06.2023]
  • [12] M. E. Akay and A. Ustaoglu “Energetic, exergetic, and environmental evaluation of railway transportation by diesel and electric locomotives”, Environ Prog Sustainable Energy, 41:e13804, 2022
  • [13] M. E. Akay ve H. Aygün “Karabük-Zonguldak hattında demiryolu hat kapasitesinin modellenmesi,” Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 25(4), pp. 1817-1825, 2022. doi: 10.2339/politeknik.884305
  • [14] M. E. Akay, “Kırıkkale metropoliten ortamında taşıt, konut ve endüstri kaynaklı hava kirliliği araştırması”, Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale, 2004
  • [15] J. Kean, R. F. Sawyer, and R. A. Harley, “A fuel-based assessment of off-road diesel engine emissions,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 50, Nov. 2000
  • [16] B. M. Graver and H. C. Frey, “highway vehicle emissions avoided by diesel passenger rail service based on real-world data,” Urban Rail Transit, vol. 2(3-4), pp. 153-171, 2006
  • [17] T. Esters and M. Marinov, “An analysis of the methods used to calculate the emissions of rolling stock in the UK”, Transportation Research, Part D vol. 33, pp. 1-16, 2014
  • [18] TCDD, “TCDD İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü istatistik yıllığı 2010-2014 ve 2014-2018,” 2018. [Erişim 08.06.2023]

Energy Efficiency in Diesel Train Management and Modeling of Emissions in Türkiye

Year 2023, Issue: 18, 162 - 170, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1322615

Abstract

Energy efficiency and annual emissions from freight and passenger transportation with diesel locomotives in Turkey have been calculated. The main criterion in efficiency was taken as gross.ton.km, and the fuel spent for 1 grosston.km cruising and the grosston.km traveled with 1 liter of fuel were calculated for the 5-year period covering the years 2013-2017. Compared to the end of the period, it was observed that the amount of fuel consumed for 1 grosston.km cruising decreased and the value of grosston.km traveled with 1 liter of fuel increased. It was observed that the total emissions of HC, CO, NOx and PM10 pollutants peaked in 2014 and decreased in the following years. CO and NOx emissions were the highest. The highest amount of pollutants belongs to CO and NOx emissions. As solutions; increasing the use of electric loco, especially for ore transport and heavy hauls. Suggestions were made to give priority to the construction of double lines in regions with heavy cargo transportation, with the widespread use of the CTC system to reduce energy costs and emissions, and to carry out the transportation in the operating regions where heavy tonnage transportation is carried out.

Project Number

Yoktur

References

  • [1] Resmi gazete, “Türkiye’de demiryolu ulaştırmasının serbestleştirilmesi hakkında kanun,” 1.5.2013 tarih ve 28634 sayılı, 2013
  • [2] F. Dincer and T. Elbir, “Estimating national exhaust emissions from railway vehicles in Turkey,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 374, pp. 127–134, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.043
  • [3] M. M. Biliaiev, T I Rusakova, V A Kozachyna, O V Berlov, V M Poltoratska, and Z M Yakubovska, “Simulation of environmental pollution from diesel locomotive”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 985, 012019, 2020
  • [4] Ö. F. Cansız, K. Ünsalan, “Türkiye demiryolları karbon ayak izinin temel bileşen analizi destekli yapay sinir ağları yöntemi ile tahmini,” Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 11(1), pp. 314-324, 2021
  • [5] A. Heinold, “Comparing emission estimation models for rail freight transportation,” Transportation Research Part D vol. 86, 102468, 2020
  • [6] Y. K. Kim, J. Y. Lee, Y. Rhee, Y. Y. Chun, “Country-specific greenhouse gas emission factors of diesel-electric locomotive in Korea,” Transportation Research Part D vol. 57, pp. 74–83, 2017
  • [7] Y. Bıyık ve G. Civelekoğlu, “Isparta ilinde karayolu kaynaklı karbon ayak izinin hesaplanması,” Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, vol. 4, iss. 2, pp. 78-87, 2020
  • [8] S. K. Annadanam and S. H. Kota “Emission of greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants from railways in India estimated using a modified top-down approach,” Journal, of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, 610e617, 2019
  • [9] H. Jiang, H. Zhang, M. Fu, Z. Huang, H. Ni, H. Yin, Y. Ding, “Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources: Compilation approaches, data acquisition methods, and case studies,” Journal of Environmental Sciences vol. 123, pp. 460-475, 2023
  • [10] E. Lindgreen and S. C. Sorenson, Simulation of Energy Consumption and Emissions from Rail Traffic Evaluation, Workpackage 700: Emission estimating methodology for rail transport, assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 2005.
  • [11] TCDD resmi web sitesi, 2023. https://www.tcdd.gov.tr/kurumsal/hakkinda [Erişim 05.06.2023]
  • [12] M. E. Akay and A. Ustaoglu “Energetic, exergetic, and environmental evaluation of railway transportation by diesel and electric locomotives”, Environ Prog Sustainable Energy, 41:e13804, 2022
  • [13] M. E. Akay ve H. Aygün “Karabük-Zonguldak hattında demiryolu hat kapasitesinin modellenmesi,” Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 25(4), pp. 1817-1825, 2022. doi: 10.2339/politeknik.884305
  • [14] M. E. Akay, “Kırıkkale metropoliten ortamında taşıt, konut ve endüstri kaynaklı hava kirliliği araştırması”, Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale, 2004
  • [15] J. Kean, R. F. Sawyer, and R. A. Harley, “A fuel-based assessment of off-road diesel engine emissions,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 50, Nov. 2000
  • [16] B. M. Graver and H. C. Frey, “highway vehicle emissions avoided by diesel passenger rail service based on real-world data,” Urban Rail Transit, vol. 2(3-4), pp. 153-171, 2006
  • [17] T. Esters and M. Marinov, “An analysis of the methods used to calculate the emissions of rolling stock in the UK”, Transportation Research, Part D vol. 33, pp. 1-16, 2014
  • [18] TCDD, “TCDD İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü istatistik yıllığı 2010-2014 ve 2014-2018,” 2018. [Erişim 08.06.2023]
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Thermal Power Systems, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Machine Theory and Dynamics, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics
Journal Section Article
Authors

Mehmet Emin Akay 0000-0001-5178-398X

Veli Çelik 0000-0003-4338-385X

Project Number Yoktur
Publication Date July 31, 2023
Submission Date July 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 18

Cite

IEEE M. E. Akay and V. Çelik, “Türkiye’de Dizelli Tren İşletmeciliğinde Enerji Verimliliği ve Emisyonların Araştırılması”, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, no. 18, pp. 162–170, July 2023, doi: 10.47072/demiryolu.1322615.