Demiryollarında Araç Kaynaklı Yol Yüklerinin Belirlenmesi İçin Ölçüme Dayalı Hesaplamalı Bir Yöntemin Geliştirilmesi ve Simülasyon Ortamında Analizi

Year 2025, Issue: 21, 39 - 60, 31.01.2025

Nihat Bulduk , Muzaffer Metin , Deren Marabaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1525811

Abstract

Demiryolu taşıtlarının hareketi sırasında, taşıtın hızı, kütlesi, tekerlek, ray ve yol geometrisi, sürtünme katsayısı gibi parametrelerin etkisiyle tekerlek-ray temas bölgesinde raylara dinamik bir etki oluşmaktadır. Raya yanal ve düşey yönde etkiyen bu kuvvetler rayı tasarım geometrisinden sapmaya zorlar ve derayman riski doğurur. Özellikle kurplarda meydana gelen yanal kuvvetler deraymanın en büyük sebeplerindendir. Bu nedenle raylara etkiyen tekerlek kuvvetlerinin anlık olarak takip edilebilmesi özellikle demiryollarını ilk hizmete alırken oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca, demiryollarında zamanla yaşanan deformasyonlar nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilecek deraymanın önüne geçmek için yol bakım çalışmalarının zamanında yapılması hayati öneme sahiptir. Doğru ve etkin bakım çalışması yapabilmek için de raya etkiyen kuvvetlerin periyodik olarak izlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, raya etkiyen yanal ve düşey kuvvetlerin anlık olarak belirlenebilmesi için, araç üzerinden yapılacak çeşitli ölçümlerle elde edilecek verilerin çeşitli hesaplamalarla işlenerek kullanıldığı yeni bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemde kullanılacak hesaplama denklemleri Newton’un ikinci yasası kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Denklemin içerisinde işlenecek değişkenler ise süspansiyon sapmaları, boji gövdesi ve tekerlek seti ivmeleri gibi anlık değişen parametrelerdir. Araç üzerinde ölçülen bu ve benzeri verilerin denklemlerde kullanılması sonucu raya etkiyen yanal ve düşey kuvvetlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Saha testleri öncesinde oluşturulan metodun doğruluğunu araştırmak için profesyonel projelerde ve akademide yaygın olarak kullanılan SIMPACK çoklu gövdeli dinamik simülasyon yazılımında aynı araç ve yol modeli oluşturulmuştur. Aynı zamanda, analitik metotla geliştirilen dinamik denklemler MATLAB/Simulink programında modellenmiştir. Her iki model (analitik ve sayısal) ile yapılan eş simülasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen düşey ve yanal tekerlek temas kuvvet çıktıları, geliştirilen denklemlerin tutarlı olup olmadığını görmek amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyonlarda taşıtın 60 km/sa hızla düz yolda ilerlediği ve aynı hızla 200 metre yarıçaplı 14 cm dever yüksekliğe sahip bir kurptan geçtiği varsayılmıştır. Her iki modelden elde edilen simülasyon çıktıları karşılaştırıldığında, düz yolda yanal ve düşey tekerlek temas kuvvetlerinin %99’un üzerinde, kurpta ise yanal tekerlek temas kuvvetinin %94’ün ve düşey tekerlek temas kuvvetlerinin de %97’in üzerinde tutarlı sonuçlar elde edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, geliştirilen denklemlerin içerisinde kullanılan değişkenlerin saha ölçümlerinde araç üzerinden ölçülebilecek nitelikte olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu bakımdan, literatüre şehir içi demiryolu hatlarında araçlardan raylara etkiyen kuvvetlerin anlık olarak izlenebilmesini sağlayan uygulanabilir bir yöntem kazandırılmıştır.

Keywords

Tramvay, Kuvvet Denklemleri, Kurp Analizi, Demiryolu, Ray Yükü

Ethical Statement

Bu makalede bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Yazarların katkıları: Nihat BULDUK: Kavramsallaştırma, Metodoloji, Doğrulama, Kaynaklar, Görselleştirme, Yazma-orijinal taslak hazırlama. Muzaffer METİN: Metodoloji, Gözden geçirme ve düzenleme, kontrol. Onat MARABAOĞLU: Simpack Modelleme, simülasyon ve analizleri.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

222M001

Thanks

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK 1001 projesi kapsamında 222M001 numaralı proje desteği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Development of a Measurement-Based Computational Method for Determination of Vehicle-Induced Road Loads on Railways and Its Analysis in a Simulation Environment

Abstract

During the movement of railway vehicles, a dynamic effect occurs on the rails in the wheel-rail contact zone due to the effect of parameters such as vehicle speed, mass, wheel, rail and road geometry and friction coefficient. These forces acting on the rail in lateral and vertical directions force the rail to deviate from its design geometry and cause the risk of derailment. Especially the lateral forces occurring in curves are one of the biggest causes of derailment. For this reason, it is very important to be able to monitor the wheel forces acting on the rails instantaneously, especially when the railways are first put into service. In addition, it is vital that track maintenance works are carried out in a timely manner in order to prevent derailment that may occur due to deformations in railways over time. In order to perform accurate and effective maintenance work, it is important to periodically monitor the forces acting on the rail. In this study, a new method has been developed to determine the lateral and vertical forces acting on the rail instantaneously by processing the data to be obtained from various measurements on the vehicle with various calculations. The calculation equations to be used in this method are obtained using Newton's second law. The variables to be processed in the equation are instantaneously changing parameters such as suspension deflections, bogie body and wheel set accelerations. By using such data measured on the vehicle in the equations, it is aimed to determine the lateral and vertical forces acting on the rail. In order to investigate the accuracy of the method before the field tests, the same vehicle and track model was created in SIMPACK multi-body dynamic simulation software, which is widely used in professional projects and academia. At the same time, the dynamic equations developed by the analytical method were modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. The vertical and lateral wheel contact force outputs obtained from the simulations with both used models (analytical and numerical) were compared to see if the developed equations are consistent. In the simulations, it is assumed that the vehicle travels on a straight track at a speed of 60 km/h and passes through a curve with a radius of 200 meters and a 14 cm superelevation height at the same speed. When the simulation outputs obtained from both models are compared, it is seen that consistent results are obtained over 99% for lateral and vertical wheel contact forces on the straight road, 94% for lateral wheel contact force and 97% for vertical wheel contact force on the curve. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the variables used in the developed equations can be measured on the vehicle in field measurements. In this respect, a feasible method that enables instantaneous monitoring of the forces acting on the rails from vehicles on urban railway lines has been introduced to the literature.

Keywords

Tram, Force Equations, Curve Analysis, Railway, Rail Load

Project Number

222M001

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