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COVID-19'un Ticari Denizcilik Sektöründe Faaliyet Gösteren Halka Açık Şirketler Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri: Carnival Corporation ve Golden Ocean Grubu Şirketlerine Dayalı Özel Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 91 - 111, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1095948

Abstract

Covid-19 virüsü ile yaşam biçimlerimiz kayda değer ölçüde değişime uğradı. Virüsün hızlı yayılabilmesi ve bulaşıcılığının yüksek oranlarda olmasından kaynaklı olarak devletler Covid-19 ile mücadele için yeni regülasyonlar geliştirmeye ve uygulamaya başladı. Bu regülasyonlardan en öne çıkanlarından birkaçı ise kapalı mekanlara veya birden fazla kişinin bulanabileceği yerlere getirilen kısıtlamalar veya kurallar oldu. Devletlerin Covid-19 salgınına bu kadar atak olarak yaklaşması ile bazı sektörler kısa sürede sekteye uğrarken bazılarına ise yeni alanlar açıldı. Sekteye uğrayan sektörlerin başında Denizcilik Sektörü gelmekte iken denizcilik taşımacılığının en çok yara alan kısmı ise Cruise sektörü oldu. Carnival Corporation (CCL) New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) de listeli halka açık Cruise sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir şirket olarak bu çalışma özelinde incelenmiştir. Golden Ocean (GOGL) ise NASDAQ da listeli halka açık 92 parça kuru yük gemisi ile denizcilik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir şirkettir. GOGL’un bu çalışmada seçilmesiyle Covid-19’un diğer gemi tipi işletmecilerine etkisini inceleyip daha geniş bir perspektiften bakmak için seçilmiştir. Çalışmada 3 Farklı Hipotez ortaya konulmuştur: ABD’de ilk Covid-19 vakası sonrası CCL ve GOGL’un hisse senedi fiyatlarına ve işlem hacimlerine etkisi SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilerek CCL ve GOGL’un fiyatında büyük ölçüde düşüş görülmüş ve işlem hacminde ise büyük artışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2021 Ağustos ayı sonlarında Pfizer aşısı onayı ile CCL’in hisse senedi fiyatında bir etkisi olup olmadığı SPSS paket programıyla hisse senedi fiyatları haftalık olarak alınıp analiz edilmiş ve Pfizer aşısı sonrası hisse senedinin ortalama değerinin arttığı görülmüştür.

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya katkılarından dolayı Abdüssamet GÖKSU'ya teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

References

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  • Ashraf, B. N. (2020). Stock Markets’ Reaction to Covid-19: Cases or Fatalities? Research in International Business and Finance, 54 101249.
  • Baker, S. R., Bloom., N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K. J., Sammon, M. C. ve Viratyosin, T. (2020). The Unprecedented Stock Market Impact of Covid-19. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 26945.
  • Bergquist, S., Otten, T. ve Sarich, N. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic in The United States. Health Policy and Technology, 9, 623–638.
  • Bhattacharya, B. ve Habtzghi, D. (2002). Median of the p Value Under The Alternative Hypothesis. The American Statistician, 56(3), 202-206.
  • Cao, K. H., Li, Q., Liu, Y. ve Woo, C. (2020). Covid-19’s Adverse Effects on a Stock Market Index. Applied Economics Letters, 28(14), 1157-1161.
  • Fauzi, R. ve Wahyudi, I. (2016). The Effect of Firm and Stock Characteristics on Stock Returns: Stock Market Crash Analysis. The Journal of Finance and Data Science, 2, 112-124.
  • Fernandez-Perez, A., Gilbert, A., Indriawan, I. ve Nguyen, N. H. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic and Stock Market Response: A Culture Effect. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 29, 100454.
  • Gerald, B. (2018). A Brief Review of Independent, Dependent and One Sample t-test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 4(2), 50-54.
  • Gonzalez, M., Jareno, F. ve Skinner, F. S. (2016). Interest and Inflation Risk: Investor Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 390.
  • Ito, H., Hanaoka, S. ve Kawasaki, T. (2020). The Cruise Industry and The Covid-19 Outbreak. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 100136.
  • Kaimann, D. ve Tanneberg, I. (2021). What Containment Strategy Leads Us Through The Pandemic Crisis? An Empirical Analysis of The Measures Against The Covid-19 Pandemic. Plos One, 16(6), e0253237.
  • Kamal, M. R., Chowdhury, M. A. F. ve Hosain, M. M. (2021). Stock Market Reactions of Maritime Shipping Industry in The Time of Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis: An Empirical Investigation. Maritime Policy & Management, 1-16.
  • Khalfaoui, R., Nammouri, H., Labidi, O. ve Jabeur, S. B. (2021). Is The Covid-19 Vaccine Effective on The US Financial Market? Public Health, 198, 177-179.
  • Kul, S. (2014). İstatistik Sonuçlarının Yorumu: p Değeri ve Güven Aralığı Nedir. Türk Toraks Derneği, Plevra Bülteni, 8(1), 11.
  • Mahata, A., Rai, A., Nurujjaman, Md. ve Prakash, O. (2020). Modeling and Analysis of The Effect of Covid-19 on The Stock Price: V and L-Shape Recovery. Physica A, 574, 126008.
  • Mann, H. B. ve Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a Test of Whether One of Two Random Variables Is Stochastically Larger Than The Other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 50- 60.
  • Mazur, M., Dang, M. ve Vega, M. (2020). Covid-19 and The March 2020 Stock Market Crash. Evidence From S&P1500. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101690.
  • Milenovic, Z. M. (2011). Application of Mann-Whitney U Test in Research of Professional Training of Primary School Teachers. Metodicki obzori, 6(11), 73-79.
  • Millefiori, L., M., Braca, P., Zissis, D., Spiliopoulos, G., Marano, S., Willet, P., K. ve Carniel, S. (2021). Covid-19 Impact on Global Maritime Mobility. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Naseem, S., Mohsin, M., Hui, W., Liyan, G. ve Penglai, K. (2020). The Investor Psychology and Stock Market Behavior During The Initial Era of Covid-19: A Study of China, Japan, and The United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6.
  • Ortmann, R., Pelster, M. ve Wengerek, S. T. (2020). Covid-19 and Investor Behavior. Finance Research Letters, 37, 101717.
  • Rouatbi, W., Demir, E., Kizys, R. ve Zaremba, A. (2021). Immunizing Markets Against The Pandemic: Covid-19 Vaccinations and Stock Volatility Around The World. International Review Of Financial Analysis, 77, 101819.
  • Singh, B., Dhall, R., Narang, S. ve Rawat, S. (2020). The Outbreak of Covid-19 and Stock Market Responses: An Event Study and Panel Data Analysis for G-20 Countries. Global Business Review, 1-26.
  • Tabari, P., Amini, M., Moghadami, M. ve Moosavi, M. (2020). International Public Health Responses to Covid-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review. Iran J Med Sci, 45(3), 152.
  • UNCTAD. (2019). Digitalization in Maritime Transport: Ensuring Opportunities for Development. UNCTAD Policy Brief No. 75.
  • Wang, Q. ve Zhang, F. (2020). What Does The China’s Economic Recovery After Covid-19 Pandemic Mean for The Economic Growth and Energy Consumption of Other Countries? Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126265.
  • Wu, Y., Chena C. ve Chan, Y. (2020). The Outbreak of Covid-19: An Overview. Journal of Chinese Medical Association. 83, 217-220.
  • Xu, L. (2021). Stock Return and The Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Canada and The US. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101872.
  • Yan, B., Stuart, L., Tu, A. ve Zhang, T. (2020). Analysis of The Effect of Covid-19 on The Stock Market and Investing Strategies. SSRN: 3563380.
  • Yazır, D., Şahin, B., Yip, T. L. ve Tseng, P. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 on Maritime Industry: A Review. International Maritime Health, 4, 253-264.
  • Zhang, D., Hu, M. ve Ji, Q. (2020). Financial Markets Under The Global Pandemic of Covid-19. Finance Research Letters, 36, 101528.
  • URL-1: Investing.com. (2022). Carnival Corporation Hisse Senedi Geçmiş Verileri. https://www.investing.com/equities/carnival-corp-exch-historical-data. Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2022.
  • URL-2: Investing.com. (2022). Golden Ocean Hisse Senedi Geçmiş Verileri. https://www.investing.com/equities/knightsbridge-tankers-ltd-historical-data. Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2022.
Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 91 - 111, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1095948

Abstract

References

  • KAYNAKÇA Ali, M., Alam, N. ve Rizvi, S. A. R. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) An Epidemic or Pandemic for Financial Markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27 100341, 1-1.
  • Ashraf, B. N. (2020). Stock Markets’ Reaction to Covid-19: Cases or Fatalities? Research in International Business and Finance, 54 101249.
  • Baker, S. R., Bloom., N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K. J., Sammon, M. C. ve Viratyosin, T. (2020). The Unprecedented Stock Market Impact of Covid-19. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 26945.
  • Bergquist, S., Otten, T. ve Sarich, N. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic in The United States. Health Policy and Technology, 9, 623–638.
  • Bhattacharya, B. ve Habtzghi, D. (2002). Median of the p Value Under The Alternative Hypothesis. The American Statistician, 56(3), 202-206.
  • Cao, K. H., Li, Q., Liu, Y. ve Woo, C. (2020). Covid-19’s Adverse Effects on a Stock Market Index. Applied Economics Letters, 28(14), 1157-1161.
  • Fauzi, R. ve Wahyudi, I. (2016). The Effect of Firm and Stock Characteristics on Stock Returns: Stock Market Crash Analysis. The Journal of Finance and Data Science, 2, 112-124.
  • Fernandez-Perez, A., Gilbert, A., Indriawan, I. ve Nguyen, N. H. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic and Stock Market Response: A Culture Effect. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 29, 100454.
  • Gerald, B. (2018). A Brief Review of Independent, Dependent and One Sample t-test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 4(2), 50-54.
  • Gonzalez, M., Jareno, F. ve Skinner, F. S. (2016). Interest and Inflation Risk: Investor Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 390.
  • Ito, H., Hanaoka, S. ve Kawasaki, T. (2020). The Cruise Industry and The Covid-19 Outbreak. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 100136.
  • Kaimann, D. ve Tanneberg, I. (2021). What Containment Strategy Leads Us Through The Pandemic Crisis? An Empirical Analysis of The Measures Against The Covid-19 Pandemic. Plos One, 16(6), e0253237.
  • Kamal, M. R., Chowdhury, M. A. F. ve Hosain, M. M. (2021). Stock Market Reactions of Maritime Shipping Industry in The Time of Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis: An Empirical Investigation. Maritime Policy & Management, 1-16.
  • Khalfaoui, R., Nammouri, H., Labidi, O. ve Jabeur, S. B. (2021). Is The Covid-19 Vaccine Effective on The US Financial Market? Public Health, 198, 177-179.
  • Kul, S. (2014). İstatistik Sonuçlarının Yorumu: p Değeri ve Güven Aralığı Nedir. Türk Toraks Derneği, Plevra Bülteni, 8(1), 11.
  • Mahata, A., Rai, A., Nurujjaman, Md. ve Prakash, O. (2020). Modeling and Analysis of The Effect of Covid-19 on The Stock Price: V and L-Shape Recovery. Physica A, 574, 126008.
  • Mann, H. B. ve Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a Test of Whether One of Two Random Variables Is Stochastically Larger Than The Other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 50- 60.
  • Mazur, M., Dang, M. ve Vega, M. (2020). Covid-19 and The March 2020 Stock Market Crash. Evidence From S&P1500. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101690.
  • Milenovic, Z. M. (2011). Application of Mann-Whitney U Test in Research of Professional Training of Primary School Teachers. Metodicki obzori, 6(11), 73-79.
  • Millefiori, L., M., Braca, P., Zissis, D., Spiliopoulos, G., Marano, S., Willet, P., K. ve Carniel, S. (2021). Covid-19 Impact on Global Maritime Mobility. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Naseem, S., Mohsin, M., Hui, W., Liyan, G. ve Penglai, K. (2020). The Investor Psychology and Stock Market Behavior During The Initial Era of Covid-19: A Study of China, Japan, and The United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6.
  • Ortmann, R., Pelster, M. ve Wengerek, S. T. (2020). Covid-19 and Investor Behavior. Finance Research Letters, 37, 101717.
  • Rouatbi, W., Demir, E., Kizys, R. ve Zaremba, A. (2021). Immunizing Markets Against The Pandemic: Covid-19 Vaccinations and Stock Volatility Around The World. International Review Of Financial Analysis, 77, 101819.
  • Singh, B., Dhall, R., Narang, S. ve Rawat, S. (2020). The Outbreak of Covid-19 and Stock Market Responses: An Event Study and Panel Data Analysis for G-20 Countries. Global Business Review, 1-26.
  • Tabari, P., Amini, M., Moghadami, M. ve Moosavi, M. (2020). International Public Health Responses to Covid-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review. Iran J Med Sci, 45(3), 152.
  • UNCTAD. (2019). Digitalization in Maritime Transport: Ensuring Opportunities for Development. UNCTAD Policy Brief No. 75.
  • Wang, Q. ve Zhang, F. (2020). What Does The China’s Economic Recovery After Covid-19 Pandemic Mean for The Economic Growth and Energy Consumption of Other Countries? Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126265.
  • Wu, Y., Chena C. ve Chan, Y. (2020). The Outbreak of Covid-19: An Overview. Journal of Chinese Medical Association. 83, 217-220.
  • Xu, L. (2021). Stock Return and The Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Canada and The US. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101872.
  • Yan, B., Stuart, L., Tu, A. ve Zhang, T. (2020). Analysis of The Effect of Covid-19 on The Stock Market and Investing Strategies. SSRN: 3563380.
  • Yazır, D., Şahin, B., Yip, T. L. ve Tseng, P. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 on Maritime Industry: A Review. International Maritime Health, 4, 253-264.
  • Zhang, D., Hu, M. ve Ji, Q. (2020). Financial Markets Under The Global Pandemic of Covid-19. Finance Research Letters, 36, 101528.
  • URL-1: Investing.com. (2022). Carnival Corporation Hisse Senedi Geçmiş Verileri. https://www.investing.com/equities/carnival-corp-exch-historical-data. Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2022.
  • URL-2: Investing.com. (2022). Golden Ocean Hisse Senedi Geçmiş Verileri. https://www.investing.com/equities/knightsbridge-tankers-ltd-historical-data. Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2022.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Maritime Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Devran Yazır 0000-0002-6825-8142

Sefa Yay 0000-0002-8716-0589

Publication Date June 28, 2022
Submission Date March 30, 2022
Acceptance Date April 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yazır, D., & Yay, S. (2022). COVID-19’un Ticari Denizcilik Sektöründe Faaliyet Gösteren Halka Açık Şirketler Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri: Carnival Corporation ve Golden Ocean Grubu Şirketlerine Dayalı Özel Bir Araştırma. Mersin Üniversitesi Denizcilik Ve Lojistik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1095948

                                                          Mersin University Journal of Maritime and Logistics Research