Research Article
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Year 2022, , 27 - 38, 06.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.2

Abstract

References

  • Alberti, L. B. (1972). Leon Battista Alberti on Painting and On Sculpture. (Cecil Grayson, Trans.), London: Phaidon. https://archive.org/details/onpaintingonscul0000albe/page/n7/mode/2up
  • Alberti, L. B. (1991). On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Mit Press. (J.Rykwert, N.Leach, and R.Tavernor, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Allison, H. E. (2001). Kant’s theory of taste: a reading of the Critique of aesthetic judgment. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ameri, A. H. (2005). On the border of the beautiful. Architectural Theory Review, 10(2), 12-33.
  • Canlı, E. (2013). Ernst Cassirer’ in sembolik formlar felsefesinin kantçı temelleri [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Philosophy, İstanbul.
  • Cassirer, E. (1981). Kant’s life and thought. Yale University Press.
  • Cassirer, E. (1953). The philosophy of symbolic forms, Volume one: Language (R.Manheim, Trans.). Yale University Press, Inc.
  • Cassirer, E. (1955). The philosophy of symbolic forms: Volume two: Mythical thought. Yale University Press Inc.
  • Cassirer, E. (2005). Kültür bilimlerinin mantığı üzerine (M. Köktürk. Trans.) Hece Yayınları ve Dergileri. (Original Work Published 2000).
  • Coskun, D. (2007). Law as symbolic form. Springer.
  • Frank, I. (2002). The theory of decorative art: An anthology of European & American writings, 1750-1940. Yale University Press.
  • Gombrich, E. H. (1984). The sense of order: A study in the psychology of decorative art. Cornell University Press.
  • Hermann, W. (1984). The Beginnings: Semper in Dresden, 1834—1849. In W. Hermann. (Ed.). Gottfried Semper: In search of architecture (p.3-8). MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/3331.001.0001
  • Hvattum, M. (2004). Gottfried Semper and The Problem of Historicism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1987). Critique of Judgment. (W. S. Pluhar, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Co. (Original Work Published 1790).
  • Kant, I. (1998). Critique of pure reason. (P. Guyer and A.W. Wood, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original Work Published 1781).
  • Kristeller, P. O. (1951). The modern system of the arts: A study in the history of aesthetics part I. Journal of the History of Ideas, 12, 496-527.
  • Mallgrave, H.F. (2005). Modern architectural history; A historical survey, 1673-1968. Cambridge University Press.
  • Mallgrave, H. F. (2010). The architect’s brain: Neuroscience, creativity, and architecture. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Payne, A. (2017). Materiality, ornament, and media overlaps: Architecture between art and building science. Companion to the History of Architecture, 1-24.
  • Rimmer, S. (1997). The symbolic form of architecture [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Faculty of Virginia Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Ruskin, J. (2007). Lectures on architecture and painting: Delivered at Edinburgh in November 1853. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/23593/23593-h/23593-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (2013). Modern painters. Vol. V. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44329/44329-h/44329-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (1889). The seven lamps of architecture. (6th ed.). London. UK: Century.
  • Ruskin, J. (2009a). The stones of Venice. Vol. I. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30754/30754-h/30754-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (2009b). The stones of Venice. Vol. II. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30755/30755-h/30755-h.htm
  • Schilpp, P.A. (1949). The philosophy of Ernst Cassirer. The Library of Living Philosophers Inc.
  • Semper, G. (2004). Style in the technical and tectonic arts or practical aesthetics. Getty Publications.
  • Semper, G. (1834). Gottfried Semper; From preliminary remarks on polychrome architecture and sculpture in antiquity. In H. F. Mallgrave (Ed.). Architectural theory: An anthology from Vitruvius to 1870 (p.348-350). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Semper, G. (1984). The attributes of formal beauty. In W. Hermann (Ed.). Gottfried Semper: In search of architecture (pp. 219-244). MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/3331.001.0001
  • Sullivan, L. H. (1979). Kindergarten chats and other writings. Courier Corporation.
  • Sprague, P. E. (1969). The architectural ornament of Louis Sullivan and his chief draftsmen (Doctoral dissertation). Princeton University. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Spuybroek, L. (2011). The digital nature of Gothic. In L. Spuybroek (Ed.). Research & design: textile tectonics (pp. 8-41). NAi Publishers.
  • Werner. O. (1993). The evolutionary way to modern architecture: The paradigm of stilhülse und kern. In H. F. Mallgrave (Ed.). Otto Wagner-reflections on the raiment of modernity (pp.363-410). Getty Center.
  • Worringer, W. (1997). Abstraction and empathy: A contribution to the psychology of style. Ivan R. Dee.
  • Worringer, W. (1920). Form problems of the Gothic. G.E Stechert & Co.
  • URL 1- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gloucester_cathedral_(16486881335).jpg
  • URL 2- https://www.builtstlouis.net/opos/705olive.html
  • URL 3- https://bostonvalley.com/louis-sullivan-projects/
  • URL 4- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93pera_Semper#/media/Archivo:Semperoper_Interior_-_10,_Dresden.jpg
  • URL 5- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pulpito_di_Donatello_Prato.JPG

Ornament in Architecture: Symbol & Representation

Year 2022, , 27 - 38, 06.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.2

Abstract

This study aims to provide a new framework for the position of ornament by examining the link between ornament and “the body” as well as its interaction with decorative arts. In this sense, Ernst Cassirer’s concepts of symbol and representation which follow Immanuel Kant transcendental philosophy and Kant’s dichotomy of free and adherent beauty, are investigated. Within the scope of the article, theorists who discuss ornament with artistic expression are divided into two groups; in the first, Ruskin treats ornament and the body relationship as a “symbol”, while others, such as Louis Sullivan and Gottfried Semper, use the combination of both as if it is a “symbol”. As Sullivan and Semper reveal, a symbol reflecting the highest artistic creation also requires a process of reinterpretation and abstraction of the figural ornamentation.
As emphasized, the position of ornament in the relationship of architecture to other arts has always been complex and has been unable to be identified with a definite framework since the Renaissance. Leon Battista Alberti, an Italian humanist, architect, and the primary developer of Renaissance art theory, achieves the perfect whole, expressing the highest artistic creation, via the reinterpretation and abstraction of figured forms. However, Alberti’s humanist approach differs from John Ruskin’s holistic view to the relationship between figural arts and architecture. Although, Alberti and Ruskin disagree in theory, it is shown that Alberti’s harmonious geometric whole, somehow corresponds to Kant’s purposefulness based on his transcendental scheme. It is concluded that the theoretical conceptualization of figural ornamentation with a metaphorical understanding of the human body expresses Cassirer’s symbol / perfect whole, which can only be obtained by achieving perfect mathematical unity between part and whole.

References

  • Alberti, L. B. (1972). Leon Battista Alberti on Painting and On Sculpture. (Cecil Grayson, Trans.), London: Phaidon. https://archive.org/details/onpaintingonscul0000albe/page/n7/mode/2up
  • Alberti, L. B. (1991). On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Mit Press. (J.Rykwert, N.Leach, and R.Tavernor, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Allison, H. E. (2001). Kant’s theory of taste: a reading of the Critique of aesthetic judgment. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ameri, A. H. (2005). On the border of the beautiful. Architectural Theory Review, 10(2), 12-33.
  • Canlı, E. (2013). Ernst Cassirer’ in sembolik formlar felsefesinin kantçı temelleri [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Philosophy, İstanbul.
  • Cassirer, E. (1981). Kant’s life and thought. Yale University Press.
  • Cassirer, E. (1953). The philosophy of symbolic forms, Volume one: Language (R.Manheim, Trans.). Yale University Press, Inc.
  • Cassirer, E. (1955). The philosophy of symbolic forms: Volume two: Mythical thought. Yale University Press Inc.
  • Cassirer, E. (2005). Kültür bilimlerinin mantığı üzerine (M. Köktürk. Trans.) Hece Yayınları ve Dergileri. (Original Work Published 2000).
  • Coskun, D. (2007). Law as symbolic form. Springer.
  • Frank, I. (2002). The theory of decorative art: An anthology of European & American writings, 1750-1940. Yale University Press.
  • Gombrich, E. H. (1984). The sense of order: A study in the psychology of decorative art. Cornell University Press.
  • Hermann, W. (1984). The Beginnings: Semper in Dresden, 1834—1849. In W. Hermann. (Ed.). Gottfried Semper: In search of architecture (p.3-8). MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/3331.001.0001
  • Hvattum, M. (2004). Gottfried Semper and The Problem of Historicism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1987). Critique of Judgment. (W. S. Pluhar, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Co. (Original Work Published 1790).
  • Kant, I. (1998). Critique of pure reason. (P. Guyer and A.W. Wood, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original Work Published 1781).
  • Kristeller, P. O. (1951). The modern system of the arts: A study in the history of aesthetics part I. Journal of the History of Ideas, 12, 496-527.
  • Mallgrave, H.F. (2005). Modern architectural history; A historical survey, 1673-1968. Cambridge University Press.
  • Mallgrave, H. F. (2010). The architect’s brain: Neuroscience, creativity, and architecture. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Payne, A. (2017). Materiality, ornament, and media overlaps: Architecture between art and building science. Companion to the History of Architecture, 1-24.
  • Rimmer, S. (1997). The symbolic form of architecture [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Faculty of Virginia Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Ruskin, J. (2007). Lectures on architecture and painting: Delivered at Edinburgh in November 1853. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/23593/23593-h/23593-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (2013). Modern painters. Vol. V. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44329/44329-h/44329-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (1889). The seven lamps of architecture. (6th ed.). London. UK: Century.
  • Ruskin, J. (2009a). The stones of Venice. Vol. I. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30754/30754-h/30754-h.htm
  • Ruskin, J. (2009b). The stones of Venice. Vol. II. National Library Association. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30755/30755-h/30755-h.htm
  • Schilpp, P.A. (1949). The philosophy of Ernst Cassirer. The Library of Living Philosophers Inc.
  • Semper, G. (2004). Style in the technical and tectonic arts or practical aesthetics. Getty Publications.
  • Semper, G. (1834). Gottfried Semper; From preliminary remarks on polychrome architecture and sculpture in antiquity. In H. F. Mallgrave (Ed.). Architectural theory: An anthology from Vitruvius to 1870 (p.348-350). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Semper, G. (1984). The attributes of formal beauty. In W. Hermann (Ed.). Gottfried Semper: In search of architecture (pp. 219-244). MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/3331.001.0001
  • Sullivan, L. H. (1979). Kindergarten chats and other writings. Courier Corporation.
  • Sprague, P. E. (1969). The architectural ornament of Louis Sullivan and his chief draftsmen (Doctoral dissertation). Princeton University. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Spuybroek, L. (2011). The digital nature of Gothic. In L. Spuybroek (Ed.). Research & design: textile tectonics (pp. 8-41). NAi Publishers.
  • Werner. O. (1993). The evolutionary way to modern architecture: The paradigm of stilhülse und kern. In H. F. Mallgrave (Ed.). Otto Wagner-reflections on the raiment of modernity (pp.363-410). Getty Center.
  • Worringer, W. (1997). Abstraction and empathy: A contribution to the psychology of style. Ivan R. Dee.
  • Worringer, W. (1920). Form problems of the Gothic. G.E Stechert & Co.
  • URL 1- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gloucester_cathedral_(16486881335).jpg
  • URL 2- https://www.builtstlouis.net/opos/705olive.html
  • URL 3- https://bostonvalley.com/louis-sullivan-projects/
  • URL 4- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93pera_Semper#/media/Archivo:Semperoper_Interior_-_10,_Dresden.jpg
  • URL 5- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pulpito_di_Donatello_Prato.JPG
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İrem Durgut This is me 0000-0002-7948-1104

Aysu Akalın This is me 0000-0002-5638-4803

Publication Date May 6, 2022
Submission Date January 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Durgut, İ., & Akalın, A. (2022). Ornament in Architecture: Symbol & Representation. DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning and Aesthetics Research, 1(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.55755/DepArch.2022.2

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