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Platon’dan Geç Antik Döneme Hurafe Algısı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2023, , 180 - 189, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33931/dergiabant.1282113

Abstract

Antik Yunan’da felsefe öncesi dönemde insanların Tanrı’ya ve evrene dair temel kabullerinin mitlere dayandığı ve bu kabulleri yansıtan anlatıların genel olarak sözlü edebiyat yoluyla gerçekleştiği bilinmektedir. Mitler antik Yunan insanının zihin dünyasını şekillendirirken, pratik hayatta da akıl dışı kabul edilebilecek uygulamalara rastlamak mümkündür. Bu makalede bir yandan antik Yunan toplumunda akıl-dışı kabul edilen hurafelere yaklaşımlar incelenirken, bir yandan Platon’un akıl-dışı hurafelerle mitler arasında bir fark görüp görmediği soruşturulmuştur. Platon’un diyaloglarında yer verdiği Tanrı tasavvuru ile hurafeler arasındaki irtibata temas edilerek, geç antik dönem için de, Theophrastus’tan başlayıp Plutarch’a uzanan bir dönemde metinlerin incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bu metinler dönemin hurafe algısını yansıtması, hurafeye inanan insan tipolojisini vermesi ve dönemin ana akım dinî inanışları açısından hurafenin yerini göstermeleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede makelenin ana amacı, antik Yunan toplumunda hurafeye olan yaklaşımları belirlemek ve felsefe sözkonusu olduğunda mit ve hurafenin işlevsel olarak nasıl birbirinden ayrı tutulduğuna işaret etmektir.

References

  • Aristotle. Politics. The Complete Works of Aristotle. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984.
  • Bowden, Hugh. “Before Superstition and After: Theophrastus and Plutarch on Deisidaimonia and after Superstition”. Past and Present 3, (2008): 56-71.
  • Delforge, Vinciane Pirenne. “Greek Priests and Cult Statues”. Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome. ed. Joannis Mylonopou-los. 121-143. Boston: Brill, 2010.
  • Edelstein, Ludwig. “The Function of the Myth in Plato’s Philosophy.” Journal of the History of Ideas. 10/4 (1949), 463-481.
  • Gaifman, Milette. “Aniconism and the Notion of the Primitive”. Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome. ed. Joannis Mylono-poulos. 63-87. Boston: Brill, 2010.
  • Hooper, Antony. “The Philosopher's Stories: The Role of Myth in Plato's Pedagogy”. The European Legacy. 15/7 (2010), 843-853.
  • Kömürcüoğlu, Şeyma. “Devlet’in Filozofu Timaios’un Tanrısı mı?”. Beytülhikme Uluslararası Felsefe Dergisi 9/2 (2019), 609-623.
  • Logeion. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. https://logeion.uchicago.edu/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1
  • Martin, Dale B. Inventing Superstitions: From the Hippocratics to the Christians. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Perseus Digital Library. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0058%3Abook%3D5%3Asection%3D1315a
  • Plato. Laws. Plato: Complete Works. ed. D. S. Hutchinson. Indiana: Hackett Pub-lishing Company, 1997.
  • Platon. Devlet. çev. Sabahattin Eyüboğlu ve M. Ali Cimcöz, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2007.
  • Platon. Timaios. çev. Erol Güney- Lütfi Ay. İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları, 2001.
  • Plutarch. Moralia II. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt. London: Harvard University Press, 1962.
  • Polybius. Histories. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D12%3Achapter%3D24
  • Smith, Janet E. “Plato's Use of Myth in the Education of Philosophic Man”. Phoenix. 40/1 (1986), 20-34.
  • Theophrastus. The Characters of Theophrastus. çev. Frederic S. Hill. Boston: Har-vard College Library, 1931.
  • Xenophon. Cyorapaedia III. çev. Walter Miller. Edinburg: Harvard University Press, 2001.
  • Xenophon. Memorabilia I. çev. Amy L. Bonnette. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.

An Evaluation on the Perception of Superstition from Plato to Late Antiquity

Year 2023, , 180 - 189, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33931/dergiabant.1282113

Abstract

It is known that in the pre-philosophical period of Ancient Greece, people's basic assumptions about God and the universe were based on myths, and the narratives reflecting these assumptions were generally realized through oral literature. While myths shaped the mental world of ancient Greek people, it is possible to come across practices that can be considered irrational in practical life. In this article, while examining the approaches to superstitions considered irrational in ancient Greek society, it is also investigated whether Plato sees a difference between irrational superstitions and myths. By touching upon the connection between Plato's conception of God in his dialogues and superstition, the texts of late antiquity, starting from Theophrastus to Plutarch, are analyzed. These texts are evaluated in terms of reflecting the perception of superstition of the period, giving the typology of people who believe in superstition, and showing the place of superstition in terms of mainstream religious beliefs of the period. In this framework, the main aim of the article is to determine the approaches to superstition in ancient Greek society and to point out how myth and superstition were functionally separated from each other when it comes to philosophy.

References

  • Aristotle. Politics. The Complete Works of Aristotle. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984.
  • Bowden, Hugh. “Before Superstition and After: Theophrastus and Plutarch on Deisidaimonia and after Superstition”. Past and Present 3, (2008): 56-71.
  • Delforge, Vinciane Pirenne. “Greek Priests and Cult Statues”. Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome. ed. Joannis Mylonopou-los. 121-143. Boston: Brill, 2010.
  • Edelstein, Ludwig. “The Function of the Myth in Plato’s Philosophy.” Journal of the History of Ideas. 10/4 (1949), 463-481.
  • Gaifman, Milette. “Aniconism and the Notion of the Primitive”. Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome. ed. Joannis Mylono-poulos. 63-87. Boston: Brill, 2010.
  • Hooper, Antony. “The Philosopher's Stories: The Role of Myth in Plato's Pedagogy”. The European Legacy. 15/7 (2010), 843-853.
  • Kömürcüoğlu, Şeyma. “Devlet’in Filozofu Timaios’un Tanrısı mı?”. Beytülhikme Uluslararası Felsefe Dergisi 9/2 (2019), 609-623.
  • Logeion. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. https://logeion.uchicago.edu/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1
  • Martin, Dale B. Inventing Superstitions: From the Hippocratics to the Christians. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Perseus Digital Library. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0058%3Abook%3D5%3Asection%3D1315a
  • Plato. Laws. Plato: Complete Works. ed. D. S. Hutchinson. Indiana: Hackett Pub-lishing Company, 1997.
  • Platon. Devlet. çev. Sabahattin Eyüboğlu ve M. Ali Cimcöz, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2007.
  • Platon. Timaios. çev. Erol Güney- Lütfi Ay. İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları, 2001.
  • Plutarch. Moralia II. çev. Frank Cole Babbitt. London: Harvard University Press, 1962.
  • Polybius. Histories. Erişim 7 Ekim 2022. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D12%3Achapter%3D24
  • Smith, Janet E. “Plato's Use of Myth in the Education of Philosophic Man”. Phoenix. 40/1 (1986), 20-34.
  • Theophrastus. The Characters of Theophrastus. çev. Frederic S. Hill. Boston: Har-vard College Library, 1931.
  • Xenophon. Cyorapaedia III. çev. Walter Miller. Edinburg: Harvard University Press, 2001.
  • Xenophon. Memorabilia I. çev. Amy L. Bonnette. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şeyma Kömürcüoğlu 0000-0002-6575-7835

Publication Date May 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

ISNAD Kömürcüoğlu, Şeyma. “Platon’dan Geç Antik Döneme Hurafe Algısı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Dergiabant 11/1 (May 2023), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.33931/dergiabant.1282113.