Investigation of the effects on some physiological parameters of salt stress and seaweed applications in echinacea (Echinaceae purpurea L.) plant

Abstract

Research was carried out to determine the effects of different salt sources (control, NaCl, KCl and CaCl₂) at the 150 mM dose and seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract concentrations (control, 2, 4 and 6 cc l-1) on growth parameters with biochemical changes in Echinacea (Echinaceae purpurea L.). The factorial experiment based on completely randomized design performed in growth chamber conditions with four replicates. In experiment, parameters such as leaf area, chlorophyll content, ion leakage in leaf tissues, MDA levels, relative water content in leaf tissues and membrane endurance index were investigated. In study, it was determined that salt stress decreased leaf area, chlorophyll content, membrane endurance index, relative water content in leaf tissues; MDA levels with ion leakage in leaf tissues were increased. All of the investigated parameters increased significantly except for MDA level and ion leakage in leaf tissues due to seaweed applications.

Keywords

• Seaweed,Salt stress,Echinaceae purpurea L.

Ekinezya (Echinaceae purpurea L.) bitkisinde tuz stresi ve deniz yosunu uygulamalarının bazı fizyolojik parametreler üzerine etkisinin araştırılması

Abstract

Araştırma, ekinezyada (Echinacea purpurea L.) 150 mM dozunda farklı tuz kaynakları (NaCl, KCl ve CaCl₂) ve deniz yosunu (Ascophyllum nodosum) ekstraktı dozlarının (kontrol, 2, 4 ve 6 cc l^-1) büyüme parametreleri ile biyokimyasal değişiklikler üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Deseni’ ne göre faktöriyel düzende 4 tekerrürlü olarak kontrollü iklim odasında yürütülmüştür. Denemede, ekinezyanın yaprak alanı, klorofil miktarı, yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısı, malondialdehit düzeyi (MDA), yaprak dokularında bağıl su içeriği ve membran dayanıklılık indeksi gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, tuz stresinin bitkinin yaprak alanını, yaprak dokularında bağıl su içeriğini, membran dayanıklılık indeksi ve klorofil miktarını azalttığı; MDA seviyesi ile yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Deniz yosunu uygulamaları ile MDA seviyesi ve yaprak dokularında iyon sızıntısı dışında incelenen tüm parametreler önemli seviyede artmıştır.

Keywords

• Deniz yosunu,Tuz stresi,Echinaceae purpurea L.

References

1. Arora A., Sairam R.K., & Srivastava, G.C. (2002). Oxidative stress and antioxidative systems inplants. Current Science, 82(10): 1227-1238.
2. Assaha, D.V.M., Liu, L., Ueda, A., Nagaoka, T., & Saneoka, H. (2016). Effects of drought stress on growth, solute accumulation and membrane stability of leafy vegetable, huckleberry (Solanum scabrum mill.). Journal of Environmental Biology, 37(1):107.
3. Battacharyya, D., Babgohari, M. Z., Rathor, P., & Prithiviraj, B. (2015). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196: 39-48.
4. Düzgüneş 0., Kesici, T., Koyuncu, O., & Gürbüz, F. (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No:1021.295-381.
5. EL-Sheekh, M.M., & El-Said, A. F. (2000). Effect of seaweed extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and some metabolic processes of faba beans (Vicia faba). Cytobios,101(396):23-35.
6. Eyras, M.C., Rostagno, C.M., & Defosse, G.E. (1998). Biological evaluation of seaweed composting. Compost Science & Utilization, 6(4):74-81.
7. Fleurence, J. (1999). Seaweed proteins: biochemical, nutritional aspects and potential uses, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 10(1):25-28.
8. Güneş, M., & Aktaş, M. (2008). Su stresinde yetiştirilen genç mısır bitkisinde potasyum uygulamasının gelişme ve verim üzerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2):33-36.

9. Hasegawa, P.P., & Bressan, R.A. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. The Annual Review of Plant Biology, Plant Molecular Biology, 51:463-499.
10. Heath, R.L., & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125(1):189-198.
11. Kamaladhasan, N., & Subramanian, S.K. (2009). Influence of seaweed liquid fertilizers on legume crop, red gram. Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 3(1-2):21-24.
12. Kaya, C., & Higgs, D. (2003). Supplementary potassium nitrate improves salt tolerance in bell pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26(7):1367-1382.
13. Kaya, C., Higgs, D., & Kirnak, H. (2001). The effects of high salinity and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(3-4):47–59.
14. Kumar, N. A., Vanlalzarzova, B., Sridhar, S., & Baluswami, M. (2012). Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer of Sargassum wightii G. on the growth and biochemical content of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. wilczek). Recent Research in Science and Technology, 4(4):40-45.
15. Kuşvuran, Ş., Daşgan Yıldız H., & Abak, K. (2011). Farklı kavun genotiplerinin kuraklık stresine tepkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3):209-219.
16. Lisar, S.Y., Motafakkerazad, R., Hossain, M.M., & Rahman, I.M. (2012). Water Stress in Plants: Causes, Effects and Responses, Water Stress (eds:Rahman, I. M. M., Hasegawa, H.) InTech, Croatia,1-14.
17. Liu, C., Liu, Y., Guo, K., Fan, D., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Yu, L., & Yang, R. (2011). Effect of drought on pigments, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in six woody plant species in karst habitats of Southwestern China. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71(2):174-183.
18. Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., & Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-Induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals of Botany,78(3):389-398.
19. Maldonado, C.A., Zungga, G.E., Corcuera, L.J., & Alberdg, M. (1997). Effect of water stress on frost resistance of oat leaves. Enviromental and Experimental Botany, 38(2):99-107.
20. Matsiyak, K., Kaczmarek, Z., & Krawczyk, R. (2011). Influence of seaweed extracts and mixture of humic and fulvic acids on germination and growth of Zea mays L. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura,10(1):33-45.
21. Montanari, M., Degl'Innocenti, E., Maggini, R., Pacifici, S., Pardossi, A., & Guidi, L. (2008). Effect of nitrate fertilization and saline stress on the contents of active constituents of Echinacea angustifolia DC. Food Chemistry, 107(4):1461-1466.
22. Nguyen, H.T.T., Shim, I.S., Kobayashi, K., & Usui, K. (2005). Effects of salt stress on ion accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities of Oryza sativa L. and Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. Weed Biology and Management. 5(1):1-7.
23. Niu, G.H., & Rodriguez, D.S. (2006). Salinity and growing medium affected growth and morphology of Gaillardia aristata. Hortscience, 41(4):1071-1071.
24. Orcutt, D.M., & Nilsen, E.T. (2000). Physiology of plants under stres: soil and biotic factors. John Wiley & Sons., 684.
25. Premchandra, G.S., Saneoka, A., & Ogato,S. (1990). Cell membrane stability, an indicator of drought tolerance, as affected by applied nitrogen in soybean. Journal of Agriculture Science, 115(1):63-66.
26. Perry, N.B., Burgess, E.J., & Glennie, V.L. (2001). Echinacea standardization: analytical methods for phenolic compounds and typical levels in medicinal species. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49(4):1702-1706.
27. Percival, S.S. (2000). Use of echinacea in medicine, Biochemical Pharmacology, 60(2):155-158.
28. Rodriguez, S., Wilhelmi, R., Cervilla, L., Blasco, B., Rios, J., Rosales, A., Romero, L., & Ruiz, J. (2010). Genotypic differences in some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress under moderate drought in tomato plants. Plant Science, 178(1):30-40.
29. Sairam, R.K. & Saxena, D.C. (2000). Oxidative stress and antioxidants in wheat genotypes: Possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184(1):55-61.
30. Sairam, R.K. (1994). Effect of moisture stress on physiological activities of two contrasting wheat genotypes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32:594-597.
31. Sairam, R.K., & Srivastava, G.C. (2002). Changes in antioxidant activity in sub-cellular fractions of tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes in response to long term salt stress. Plant Science, 162(6):897-904.
32. Samfield, D.M., Zajicek, J.M., & Cobb, B.G. (1991). Rate and uniformity of herbaceous perennial seed-germination and emergence as affected by priming. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116(1):10-13.
33. Subba Rao, P.V., Mantri, V.A., & Ganesan, K. (2007). Mineral composition of edible seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis. Food Chemistry, 102(1):215-218.
34. Sukatar, A. (2002). Alg Kültür Yöntemleri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Serisi No: 184, İzmir.
35. Turan, M., & Aydın, A. (2005). Effects of different salt sources on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in corn (Zea mays L.). European Journal of Horticultural Science, 70(3):149-155.
36. Turan, M.A., Türkmen, N., & Taban, S. (2007). Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline, chlorophyll, Na, Cl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Journal of Agronomy, 6(2):378-381.
37. Yıldırım, O., Aras, S., & Ergul, A. (2004). Response of antioxidant systems to shortterm NaCl stress in grapevine rootstock-1616C and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Razaki. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 46:151-158.
38. Yaşar, F. (2003). Tuz Stresi Altındaki Patlıcan Genotiplerinde Bazı Antioksidant Enzim Aktivitelerinin in vitro ve in vivo olarak İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi (Basılmamış), Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van.
39. Yakıt, S., & Tuna, A.L. (2005). Tuz stresi altındaki mısır bitkisinde (Zea mays L.) stres parametreleri üzerine Ca, K ve Mg’un etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Muğla Üniversitesi, Muğla.
40. White, S., & Keleshian, M. (1994). Kuzey İngiltere’nin önemli ekonomik deniz yosunları, University of Maine, University of New Hamspshire Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, MSG-E-93-16.
41. Wong, K.H. & Cheung, P.C.K. (2000). Nutritional evaluation of some subtropical red and green seaweeds. Part 1-proximate composition, amino acid profiles and some physico-chemical properties. Food Chemistry, 71(4):475-482.
42. Whapham, C.A., Blunden, G., Jenkins, T., & Hankins, S.D. (1993). Significance of betaines in the increased chlorophyll content of plants treated with seaweed extract. Journal of Applied Phycology, 5:231-234.
43. Zollinger, N., Koenig, R., Cerny-Koenig, T., & Kjelgren, R. (2007). Relative salinity tolerance of intermountain western United States native herbaceous perennials. Hortscience, 42(3):529-534.