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Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitaplarının Bilimin Doğası ve Bilim İnsanı Özellikleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Issue: 62, 2766 - 2792, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1449549

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul fen bilimleri ders kitaplarının (5., 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf) bilimin doğası temaları ve yansıttıkları bilim insanı özellikleri açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma doküman incelemesi yönteminin kullanıldığı nitel bir çalışmadır. Analiz sonucunda ders kitaplarında bilimin doğası temalarının tamamına yeterince açık vurgu yapılmadığı, bazı temalara bazı sınıf düzeylerinde hiç yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Kitaplar ayrı ayrı ve tamamı bir arada incelendiğinde en fazla “deneysellik” temasına, deneysellik temasından sonra en sık “değişebilirlik” temasına vurgu yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bilimin doğasının “öznellik” ve “sosyokültürel etki” temalarına neredeyse hiç yer verilmediği; “bilimsel kanun ve teoriler” ve “bilimde hayalgücü ve yaratıcılık” temalarına sınırlı düzeyde yer verildiği ortaya koyulmuştur. Kitaplar genel olarak incelendiğinde, ortaokul eğitimi boyunca bilim insanı özelliklerinden gözlemci, azimli ve sabırlı olmaya daha fazla vurgu yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin çoğunlukla kavram yanılgılarına sahip oldukları ve görüşlerinin daha zor değiştirildiği “bilimsel kanun ve teoriler”, “öznellik” ve “sosyokültürel etki” gibi temalara kitaplarda sınırlı yer verilmesi, bilimin doğasının öğretimi açısından bir problemdir. Diğer taraftan bilim insanının kitaplarda sıklıkla vurgu yapılan yönleri, öğrencilerin özdeşim kurmalarını zorlaştırıp, onları bilim kariyerine yönelmekten alıkoyabilir. Bilim insanlarının çocuklarda halihazırda var olan meraklı olma, gözlemci olma, çok yönlü olma, sosyal olma gibi özelliklerine daha fazla vurgu yapılması çocukların özdeşim kuramalarını kolaylaştırabilir.

Ethical Statement

Araştırma döküman incelemesi deseninde planlandığı için etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir.

References

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Investigation of Science Textbooks in Terms of The Nature of Science and The Scientist Characteristics

Year 2024, Issue: 62, 2766 - 2792, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1449549

Abstract

This research aims to examine secondary school science textbooks (5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade) in terms of the nature of science themes and the scientist characteristics they reflect. The research is a qualitative study using the document analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that not all nature of science themes were emphasized enough in the textbooks, and some themes were not included at all at some grade levels. When the books were examined separately and as a whole, it was determined that the theme of "experimentation" was emphasized the most, and after the theme of experimentalism, the theme of "changeability" was most frequently emphasized. The themes of "subjectivity" and "sociocultural impact" of the nature of science are rarely included. It was revealed that the themes of "scientific laws and theories" and "Imagination and creativity in science" were included at a limited level. When the books are examined in general, it is determined that during secondary school education, more emphasis is placed on the characteristics of a scientist such as being observant, determined, and patient. The limited space given to themes such as “scientific laws and theories,” “subjectivity,” and “sociocultural influence,” which are topics on which students often have misconceptions and whose views are more difficult to change, is a problem in terms of teaching the nature of science. On the other hand, the aspects of scientists that are frequently emphasized in books can make it difficult for students to identify with them and prevent them from pursuing a career in science. Emphasizing the characteristics of scientists that children already have, such as being curious, observant, versatile, and social, can make it easier for children to identify with them.

References

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  • Akerson, V. L., Buck, G. A., Donnelly, L. A., Nargund-Joshi, V., & Weiland, I. S. (2011). The importance of teaching and learning nature of science in the early childhood years. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 20(5), 537-549.
  • Akerson. V. & Donnelly, L. A. (2010). Teaching nature of science to K-2 students: What understandings can they attain?. International Journal of Science Education, 32(1), 97-124.
  • Akerson, V. L., Weiland, I., Pongsanon, K., & Nargund, V. (2010). Evidence-based strategies for teaching nature of science to young children. Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty, 11(4), 61-78.
  • Akgün, Z. & Özenoğlu, H. (2018). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bilimin doğasına yönelik görüşleri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 165-190.
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  • Erdaş, E., Doğan, N., & İrez, S. (2016). What did we do between 1998-2012 in Turkey? A review of the research on nature of science. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 24(1), 17-36.
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  • Güler, T. & Akman B. (2006). 6 Yaş çocuklarının bilim ve bilim insanı hakkındaki görüşleri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31, 55-66.
  • Güzel, D. & Şimşek, A. (2012). The textbooks in the national educational councils. The Journal of SAU Education Faculty,(23), 172, 216.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Science Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eda Erdaş Kartal 0000-0002-1568-827X

Esra Dinç 0009-0006-8555-2497

Fatma Nur Yılmaz 0009-0003-5189-3865

İlknur Kızıldağ 0009-0005-0099-1726

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date March 9, 2024
Acceptance Date December 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 62

Cite

APA Erdaş Kartal, E., Dinç, E., Yılmaz, F. N., Kızıldağ, İ. (2024). Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitaplarının Bilimin Doğası ve Bilim İnsanı Özellikleri Açısından İncelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(62), 2766-2792. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1449549