PLATO, BENJAMIN CONSTANT AND JOHN STUART MILL ON JUSTICE AS A POLITICAL VIRTUE AND ON POLITICAL CONFORMITY
Abstract
Çoğu zaman politik
uygunluk, en demokratik devletlerde bile adaletin kurulması ve uygulanması için
ön şart olarak kabul edilir. Bununla birlikte, belirli bir uyumluluğun,
bireylerin bir Politika içindeki siyasi hedeflerini gerçekleştirme şekilleriyle
olumlu veya olumsuz yönde karışıp karışmadığı sorusu olarak kalır.
Analizimizde, üç farklı düşünürün siyasal uygunluk gerekliliğini ve ne dereceye
kadar nasıl kavradıklarını keşfetmeye çalışıyoruz. Bir yandan, John Stuart
Mill, bireysel özgürlüğü savunan ve büyük ölçüde politik uygunluğu önleyen bir
adalet anlayışı ile karşı karşıya kalırken, bu özgürlüğün sebeple birlikte
kullanılmasını istiyor. Platon gibi, bir insanın karakterinin sosyal ilerlemede
değil, aynı zamanda insan mutluluğu peşinde olduğunu da kabul ettiğini
savunuyor. Öte yandan, Constant, eski siyasi katılım ve egemenlik teorilerini,
bireysel hakların ve kişisel çıkarların peşinde olmanın çok önemli olduğunu
iddia ederek modası geçmiş olarak reddetmektedir. Constant, demagojik bir
hükümetin yönetimi altında adaleti ortadan kaldırma riskiyle birlikte, daha
yüksek bir uyumluluk riskiyle karşı karşıya kaldığında, Platon, Polis'in kişiye
hiyerarşik önceliğini zorunlu kılmakla birlikte bireyin kendini yerine
getirmesini gözeterek , politik temeli göz ardı etmeden.
References
- REFERENCESBobonich, C. (2002). Plato's Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Constant, B. (1999). Political Writings. Translated and edited by Biancamaria Fontana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Hansen, M. H. (2010). Democratic Freedom and the Concept of Freedom in Plato and Aristotle. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 50: 1-27.Holmes, S. (1984). Benjamin Constant and the making of Modern Liberalism. New Haven: Yale University Press.Lumowa, V. (2010). Benjamin Constant on Modern Freedoms: Political Liberty and the Role of a Representative System. Ethical Perspectives, 17, no 3: 389- 414.Mill, J. S. (1915). Utilitarianism. Translated in Greek by Ioannis Zervos. Athens: Georgios Fexis Publishing.Mill, J. S. (1983). On Liberty. Translated in Greek by Nicos Balis. Athens: Epicuros.Mill, J. S. (1991). Considerations on Representative Government. New York: Prometheus.Monoson, S. (2000). Plato’s Democratic Entanglements. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Plato. (1926). Laws. Translated by R. G. Bury [vols. 1-6]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Loeb).Plato. (2013). Republic. Edited and translated by Christopher Emlyn-Jones, William Preddy [vols. 1-5]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Plato. (1925). Statesman. Translated by Harold North Fowler & W. R. M. Lamb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Loeb).Russell, D. C. (2005). Plato on Pleasure and the Good Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Ryan, A. (1970). The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill. London: MacMillan.Schofield, M. (2006). Plato: Political Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Skorupski, J. (1989). John Stuart Mill. London and New York: Routledge.
PLATO, BENJAMIN CONSTANT AND JOHN STUART MILL ON JUSTICE AS A POLITICAL VIRTUE AND ON POLITICAL CONFORMITY
Abstract
Most often
political conformity is taken as a prerequisite for the establishment and
implementation of justice, even in the most democratic of states. Nonetheless,
it remains as a question whether the particular conformity meddles positively
or negatively with the way individuals realize their political goals within a
Polity. In our analysis, we attempt to explore how three different thinkers
conceive of this necessity of the political conformity and to what degree. On
the one hand, John Stuart Mill sides with a conception of justice that defends
individual freedom and prevents a great deal of political conformity, whereas
he wishes this freedom to be exercised along with reason. Like Plato, he
defends the admission that a person’s character is paramount in social progress
but also in the pursuit for human happiness. Constant, on the other hand,
declines ancient theories of political participation and sovereignty as
outdated, claiming that individual rights and the pursuit of personal interests
are highly significant. As Constant risks a higher degree of conformity, with
the further risk of abolishing justice under the rule of a demagogic
government, Plato states as a necessity the hierarchical precedence of the
Polis to the person but with an eye to the self-fulfillment of the individual,
without disregarding the political basis.
References
- REFERENCESBobonich, C. (2002). Plato's Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Constant, B. (1999). Political Writings. Translated and edited by Biancamaria Fontana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Hansen, M. H. (2010). Democratic Freedom and the Concept of Freedom in Plato and Aristotle. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 50: 1-27.Holmes, S. (1984). Benjamin Constant and the making of Modern Liberalism. New Haven: Yale University Press.Lumowa, V. (2010). Benjamin Constant on Modern Freedoms: Political Liberty and the Role of a Representative System. Ethical Perspectives, 17, no 3: 389- 414.Mill, J. S. (1915). Utilitarianism. Translated in Greek by Ioannis Zervos. Athens: Georgios Fexis Publishing.Mill, J. S. (1983). On Liberty. Translated in Greek by Nicos Balis. Athens: Epicuros.Mill, J. S. (1991). Considerations on Representative Government. New York: Prometheus.Monoson, S. (2000). Plato’s Democratic Entanglements. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Plato. (1926). Laws. Translated by R. G. Bury [vols. 1-6]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Loeb).Plato. (2013). Republic. Edited and translated by Christopher Emlyn-Jones, William Preddy [vols. 1-5]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Plato. (1925). Statesman. Translated by Harold North Fowler & W. R. M. Lamb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Loeb).Russell, D. C. (2005). Plato on Pleasure and the Good Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Ryan, A. (1970). The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill. London: MacMillan.Schofield, M. (2006). Plato: Political Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Skorupski, J. (1989). John Stuart Mill. London and New York: Routledge.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 9, 2019 |
| Submission Date | February 8, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |