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Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 530 - 545
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918

Abstract

References

  • Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). “Modern Moral Philosophy.” Philosophy, 33(124), pp. 1–19.
  • Aristotle. (1998). Metaphysics. Trans. Hugh Lawson-Tancred. Penguin Books.
  • Aristotle. (2004). Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. & Ed. R. Crisp. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bara, B., Goss, P. G. (1988). “A Fuzzy Approach to the Interpretation of Vague Terms in Natural Language.” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 27(2), pp. 151-168.
  • Feldman, F. (1986). Doing the Best We Can: An Assay in Informal Deontic Logic. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Heyting, A. (1983). “The Intuitionist Foundations of Mathematics.” In Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, (Eds. Paul Benacerraf, Hilary Putnam). Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-61.
  • Hilpinen, R. (Ed.). (1981). New Studies in Deontic Logic: Norms, Actions, and the Foundations of Ethics. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Peckol, J. K. (2015). Introduction to Fuzzy Logic. Springer.
  • Quine, W. O. (2013). Word and Object. MIT Press.
  • Tang, R. (2011). “Knowing That, Knowing How, and Knowing to Do.” Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 6(3), pp. 426-442.
  • Westphal, M. (1990). “Phenomenologies and Religious Truth.” In Phenomenology of Truth Proper to Religion. Edited by Daniel Guerrière. State University of New York Press, pp. 105-126.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). “Fuzzy Sets.” Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338-353.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1996). Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice Hall.

ETİKTE ÇİFT OLUMSUZLAMANIN SINIRLILIKLARI: KLASİK-OLMAYAN VE BAĞLAMSAL MANTIKLARIN GEREKLİLİĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 530 - 545
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918

Abstract

Bu çalışma, günlük hayatta sıklıkla ve derinlemesine bir analiz yapılmadan uygulanan ‘Düşmanımın düşmanı dostumdur’ veya ‘Barış, çatışmanın yokluğu değil, adaletin varlığıdır’ gibi pratik etik ilkelerinin mantıksal bir analizini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için çalışma, iki ana bölümde yapılandırılmıştır. İlk bölüm, bu ilkelerin görünüşte çelişkili olmalarına rağmen, klasik mantığın üç temel yasasına—çift olumsuzlama, üçüncü değerin olanaksızlığı ve çelişmezlik yasası—dayanan ortak mantıksal temelleri paylaştığını ileri sürmektedir. Bu bölümde, söz konusu ilkelerin iki-değerli mantık sistemlerinde nasıl işlediği açıklanmakta ve iki-değerli mantığın etik bağlamlardaki karmaşıklığı açıklamada yetersiz kaldığı savunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çift olumsuzlama her ne kadar ikili yüklemlerde önemli bir işlevi görse de klasik mantık belirsizlik veya ahlaki nüans içeren durumlarla başa çıkmada yetersiz kalmaktadır. İki-değerli klasik mantık ile kıyaslandığında, bulanık mantık veya sezgici mantık gibi klasik olmayan mantık sistemleri daha uygun çözümler sunmaktadır. İkinci bölüm, klasik iki-değerli mantığın ahlaki akıl yürütmenin derecelerini ve ahlaki nüansları doğru şekilde modelleyemediği savunmakta ve bunu Tramvay Problemi gibi ikilemlerle açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca, bağlama ve pratiğe odaklanan erdem etiği anlayışının, bu alternatif mantık sistemleriyle daha uyumlu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, etik akıl yürütmenin karmaşıklıklarını ele almak için klasik olmayan mantıkların temel alınmasını ve ahlaki teori ile pratiğin birbirinden ayrılamaz olduğu sonuçlarına varmaktadır.

References

  • Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). “Modern Moral Philosophy.” Philosophy, 33(124), pp. 1–19.
  • Aristotle. (1998). Metaphysics. Trans. Hugh Lawson-Tancred. Penguin Books.
  • Aristotle. (2004). Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. & Ed. R. Crisp. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bara, B., Goss, P. G. (1988). “A Fuzzy Approach to the Interpretation of Vague Terms in Natural Language.” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 27(2), pp. 151-168.
  • Feldman, F. (1986). Doing the Best We Can: An Assay in Informal Deontic Logic. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Heyting, A. (1983). “The Intuitionist Foundations of Mathematics.” In Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, (Eds. Paul Benacerraf, Hilary Putnam). Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-61.
  • Hilpinen, R. (Ed.). (1981). New Studies in Deontic Logic: Norms, Actions, and the Foundations of Ethics. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Peckol, J. K. (2015). Introduction to Fuzzy Logic. Springer.
  • Quine, W. O. (2013). Word and Object. MIT Press.
  • Tang, R. (2011). “Knowing That, Knowing How, and Knowing to Do.” Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 6(3), pp. 426-442.
  • Westphal, M. (1990). “Phenomenologies and Religious Truth.” In Phenomenology of Truth Proper to Religion. Edited by Daniel Guerrière. State University of New York Press, pp. 105-126.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). “Fuzzy Sets.” Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338-353.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1996). Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice Hall.

THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 530 - 545
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918

Abstract

The study aims at providing a logical analysis of the principles of practical ethics such as ‘The enemy of my enemy is my friend’ or ‘Peace is not the absence of conflict but the presence of justice’, which are often applied without deep analysis. To achieve this aim, the study is structured into two sections. The first section, arguing that these principles, though seemingly contradictory, share common logical grounds rooted in classical logic’s laws: double negation, the law of excluded middle, and the law of non-contradiction, explores the logical underpinnings of such ethical principles, analyzing their function within binary logical systems. Demonstrating that while these principles hold in binary contexts, the section argues that they struggle to accommodate the complexity of ethical scenarios where binary logic proves insufficient. Accordingly, double negation, crucial in dichotomous predicates, falters in situations involving vagueness or moral nuance, where non-classical logics like fuzzy or intuitionistic logic offer more flexibility. The second section argues that classical binary logic fails to capture the gradations of moral reasoning, exemplified by dilemmas like the Trolley Problem, and that virtue ethics, which emphasizes context and practice, aligns better with these alternative logical systems. The study concludes that a shift to non-classical logics is necessary to address the complexities of ethical reasoning, highlighting the inseparability of moral theory and practice.

References

  • Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). “Modern Moral Philosophy.” Philosophy, 33(124), pp. 1–19.
  • Aristotle. (1998). Metaphysics. Trans. Hugh Lawson-Tancred. Penguin Books.
  • Aristotle. (2004). Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. & Ed. R. Crisp. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bara, B., Goss, P. G. (1988). “A Fuzzy Approach to the Interpretation of Vague Terms in Natural Language.” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 27(2), pp. 151-168.
  • Feldman, F. (1986). Doing the Best We Can: An Assay in Informal Deontic Logic. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Heyting, A. (1983). “The Intuitionist Foundations of Mathematics.” In Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, (Eds. Paul Benacerraf, Hilary Putnam). Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-61.
  • Hilpinen, R. (Ed.). (1981). New Studies in Deontic Logic: Norms, Actions, and the Foundations of Ethics. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Peckol, J. K. (2015). Introduction to Fuzzy Logic. Springer.
  • Quine, W. O. (2013). Word and Object. MIT Press.
  • Tang, R. (2011). “Knowing That, Knowing How, and Knowing to Do.” Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 6(3), pp. 426-442.
  • Westphal, M. (1990). “Phenomenologies and Religious Truth.” In Phenomenology of Truth Proper to Religion. Edited by Daniel Guerrière. State University of New York Press, pp. 105-126.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). “Fuzzy Sets.” Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338-353.
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1996). Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice Hall.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Epistemology, Logic, Applied Ethics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Osman Gazi Birgül 0000-0003-2089-848X

Early Pub Date October 23, 2025
Publication Date October 26, 2025
Submission Date December 18, 2024
Acceptance Date May 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Birgül, O. G. (2025). THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 530-545. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918
AMA Birgül OG. THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. October 2025;12(2):530-545. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1603918
Chicago Birgül, Osman Gazi. “THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no. 2 (October 2025): 530-45. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918.
EndNote Birgül OG (October 1, 2025) THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12 2 530–545.
IEEE O. G. Birgül, “THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 530–545, 2025, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1603918.
ISNAD Birgül, Osman Gazi. “THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (October2025), 530-545. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1603918.
JAMA Birgül OG. THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12:530–545.
MLA Birgül, Osman Gazi. “THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, 2025, pp. 530-45, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1603918.
Vancouver Birgül OG. THE LIMITS OF DOUBLE NEGATION IN ETHICS: A SHIFT TO CONTEXTUAL AND NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12(2):530-45.