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Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 1015 - 1030
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317

Abstract

References

  • Bulgurlu, V. G. & Coşkun, T. H. (2023). A Group of Lead Tokens in the Ephesos Museum Collection, Tokens in Classical Athens and Beyond, 2023, 275-307.
  • Cassius, D. (1917). Roman History, Volume VI: Books 51-55. Translated by Earnest Cary, Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library 83. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Christiansen, E. (1988). The Roman Coins of Alexandria, Arhus University Press.
  • Franke, P. R. (2007). Roma Döneminde Küçük Asya, Ege Yayınları.
  • Grandmezon, N. N. (1977). The Use of Leaded Copper Alloys in the Greek and Byzantine Periods in the Tauric Chersonese, The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), Seventh Series, Vol. 17 (137), 155-161.
  • Gülbay, O. & Kireç, H. (2008). Ephesian Lead Tesserae, Efes Kurşun Tesseraeları Selçuk-Efes Kent Belleği Kültür Dizisi No: 2.
  • Hoover, D. O. (2006). Reassessment of Nabataean Lead Coinage in Light of New Discoveries, Numismatic Chronicle 166, 105-119.
  • Howgego, C. (1998). Sikkelerin Işığında Eski Çağ Tarihi, (O. Tekin, çev.), Homer Kitabevi, 1998.
  • Iuvenalis, (2006). Yergiler-Saturae, (çev.) Çiğdem Dürüşken-Alova, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Krysko, W.W. (1979). Lead in Art and History. Stuttgart: Dr. Riederer-Verlag.
  • Kuhn, T. C. (2014). Prosopographical Notes on Four Lead Tesserae from Roman Ephesos, ZPE 190, 137–140.
  • Lang, M. & Crosby, M. (1964). Weights, Measures and Tokens, The Athenian Agora, Vol. 10.
  • Levine, I. Lee. & Netzer, E. (1986). Excavations at Caesarea Maritima 1975, 1976, 1979, Final Report.
  • Marin, S. & Ioniță V. (2018). A Unique Lead Tessera From Dobrogea, Pontica 51.
  • Martialis, M. V., (2005). Epigramlar, (çev.) Güngör Varinlioğlu, İstanbul, Türkiye Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Milne, J. G. (1908). The Leaden Token-Coinage of Egypt Under the Romans, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 8, 287-310.
  • Milne, J. G. (1914). Graeco-Roman Leaden Tesserae from Abydos, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 93-95.
  • Mitchiner, M. (1984). Imperial Portrait Tesserae from the City of Rome and Imperial Tax Tokens from the Province of Egypt, The Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 144, 95-114.
  • Pliny the Younger, (1969). Letters, Volume II: Books 8-10. Panegyricus. Translated by Betty Radice. Loeb Classical Library 59. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rickman, G. E. (1980). The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome, Oxford.
  • Rostovtzeff, M. (1905). Römische Bleitesserae: Ein Beitrag zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit", Klio Beiheft 3, Leipzig.
  • Seneca, (1935). Moral Essays, Volume III: De Beneficiis. Translated by John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library 310. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Stannard, C. (2015). Shipping Tesserae from Ostia and Minturnae? The Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. 175, 147-154.
  • Stevens, G. P. (1961). Concerning the Parthenos, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol.30, No. 1, 1-7.
  • Suetonius, (1914). Lives of the Caesars, Volume II Vol. II: Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. Vespasian. Titus, Domitian. Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. Poets, Harvard University Press.
  • Temin, P. (2013). The Roman Market Economy, Princeton University Press.
  • Thornton, M. K. (1980). The Roman Lead Tesserae: Observations on Two Historical Problems, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 29, H. 3 (3rd Qtr)., 335-355.
  • Virlouvet, C. (1995). Tessera Frumentaria. Les procédures de distribution du blé public à Rome à la fin de la République et au début de l’Empire, École française de Rome.

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE LEAD TESSERA CONCEPT IN THE EXAMPLE OF EPHESUS LEAD TESSERAE FROM THE HALUK PERK MUSEUM

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 1015 - 1030
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317

Abstract

The Haluk Perk Museum Tessera Collection consists of lead tesserae recovered from Ephesus as a continuation of the Hasan Kireç Ephesus Tessera Collection. “Lead Tessera” is not a well-known object in numismatic literature. It was an object that was thought to be used in areas such as tokens, tickets and invitations where coins did not serve as a function and was only used in cities that were capitals such as Athens, Ephesus and Rome. However, it is understood that they were also used as coins of low value during periods of economic crisis. These objects were minted in coin sizes and usually with one side minted. Their place in Roman society is indisputable, especially in terms of their use outside the function of money, fulfilling tasks in socio-economic life that coins do not undertake. In particular, they are important for understanding both the Roman social and economic structure with the names of local institutions and individuals they bear.

References

  • Bulgurlu, V. G. & Coşkun, T. H. (2023). A Group of Lead Tokens in the Ephesos Museum Collection, Tokens in Classical Athens and Beyond, 2023, 275-307.
  • Cassius, D. (1917). Roman History, Volume VI: Books 51-55. Translated by Earnest Cary, Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library 83. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Christiansen, E. (1988). The Roman Coins of Alexandria, Arhus University Press.
  • Franke, P. R. (2007). Roma Döneminde Küçük Asya, Ege Yayınları.
  • Grandmezon, N. N. (1977). The Use of Leaded Copper Alloys in the Greek and Byzantine Periods in the Tauric Chersonese, The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), Seventh Series, Vol. 17 (137), 155-161.
  • Gülbay, O. & Kireç, H. (2008). Ephesian Lead Tesserae, Efes Kurşun Tesseraeları Selçuk-Efes Kent Belleği Kültür Dizisi No: 2.
  • Hoover, D. O. (2006). Reassessment of Nabataean Lead Coinage in Light of New Discoveries, Numismatic Chronicle 166, 105-119.
  • Howgego, C. (1998). Sikkelerin Işığında Eski Çağ Tarihi, (O. Tekin, çev.), Homer Kitabevi, 1998.
  • Iuvenalis, (2006). Yergiler-Saturae, (çev.) Çiğdem Dürüşken-Alova, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Krysko, W.W. (1979). Lead in Art and History. Stuttgart: Dr. Riederer-Verlag.
  • Kuhn, T. C. (2014). Prosopographical Notes on Four Lead Tesserae from Roman Ephesos, ZPE 190, 137–140.
  • Lang, M. & Crosby, M. (1964). Weights, Measures and Tokens, The Athenian Agora, Vol. 10.
  • Levine, I. Lee. & Netzer, E. (1986). Excavations at Caesarea Maritima 1975, 1976, 1979, Final Report.
  • Marin, S. & Ioniță V. (2018). A Unique Lead Tessera From Dobrogea, Pontica 51.
  • Martialis, M. V., (2005). Epigramlar, (çev.) Güngör Varinlioğlu, İstanbul, Türkiye Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Milne, J. G. (1908). The Leaden Token-Coinage of Egypt Under the Romans, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 8, 287-310.
  • Milne, J. G. (1914). Graeco-Roman Leaden Tesserae from Abydos, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 93-95.
  • Mitchiner, M. (1984). Imperial Portrait Tesserae from the City of Rome and Imperial Tax Tokens from the Province of Egypt, The Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 144, 95-114.
  • Pliny the Younger, (1969). Letters, Volume II: Books 8-10. Panegyricus. Translated by Betty Radice. Loeb Classical Library 59. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rickman, G. E. (1980). The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome, Oxford.
  • Rostovtzeff, M. (1905). Römische Bleitesserae: Ein Beitrag zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit", Klio Beiheft 3, Leipzig.
  • Seneca, (1935). Moral Essays, Volume III: De Beneficiis. Translated by John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library 310. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Stannard, C. (2015). Shipping Tesserae from Ostia and Minturnae? The Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. 175, 147-154.
  • Stevens, G. P. (1961). Concerning the Parthenos, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol.30, No. 1, 1-7.
  • Suetonius, (1914). Lives of the Caesars, Volume II Vol. II: Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. Vespasian. Titus, Domitian. Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. Poets, Harvard University Press.
  • Temin, P. (2013). The Roman Market Economy, Princeton University Press.
  • Thornton, M. K. (1980). The Roman Lead Tesserae: Observations on Two Historical Problems, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 29, H. 3 (3rd Qtr)., 335-355.
  • Virlouvet, C. (1995). Tessera Frumentaria. Les procédures de distribution du blé public à Rome à la fin de la République et au début de l’Empire, École française de Rome.

HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 1015 - 1030
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317

Abstract

Haluk Perk Müzesi Tessera Koleksiyonu Hasan Kireç Efes Tessera Koleksiyonu’nun devamı niteliğinde Efes’den ele geçen kurşun tesseralardan oluşmaktadır. “Kurşun Tessera” nümismatik literatüründe çok bilinen bir obje değildir. Daha çok jeton, bilet, davetiye gibi sikkenin işlev olarak üstlenmediği alanlarda kullanıldığı düşünülen ve sadece Atina, Efes, Roma gibi başkentlik yapmış kentlerde kullanılan bir objedir. Fakat bazı ekonomik buhranlı dönemlerde sikke işleviyle de değeri düşük nitelikte bozuk para olarak kullanıldıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Bu objeler sikke ebatlarında ve genellikle tek yüzleri darplı olarak basılmaktaydılar. Özellikle para işlevi dışında kullanımları sosyoekonomik hayatta, sikkenin üstlenmediği görevleri yerine getirmeleri açısından Roma toplumundaki yerleri tartışılmazdır. Özelikle üzerlerinde taşıdıkları yerel kurum ve şahıs isimleriyle hem Roma sosyal toplum yapısı hem de ekonomik yapısının anlaşılması açısından önemlidirler.

References

  • Bulgurlu, V. G. & Coşkun, T. H. (2023). A Group of Lead Tokens in the Ephesos Museum Collection, Tokens in Classical Athens and Beyond, 2023, 275-307.
  • Cassius, D. (1917). Roman History, Volume VI: Books 51-55. Translated by Earnest Cary, Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library 83. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Christiansen, E. (1988). The Roman Coins of Alexandria, Arhus University Press.
  • Franke, P. R. (2007). Roma Döneminde Küçük Asya, Ege Yayınları.
  • Grandmezon, N. N. (1977). The Use of Leaded Copper Alloys in the Greek and Byzantine Periods in the Tauric Chersonese, The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), Seventh Series, Vol. 17 (137), 155-161.
  • Gülbay, O. & Kireç, H. (2008). Ephesian Lead Tesserae, Efes Kurşun Tesseraeları Selçuk-Efes Kent Belleği Kültür Dizisi No: 2.
  • Hoover, D. O. (2006). Reassessment of Nabataean Lead Coinage in Light of New Discoveries, Numismatic Chronicle 166, 105-119.
  • Howgego, C. (1998). Sikkelerin Işığında Eski Çağ Tarihi, (O. Tekin, çev.), Homer Kitabevi, 1998.
  • Iuvenalis, (2006). Yergiler-Saturae, (çev.) Çiğdem Dürüşken-Alova, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Krysko, W.W. (1979). Lead in Art and History. Stuttgart: Dr. Riederer-Verlag.
  • Kuhn, T. C. (2014). Prosopographical Notes on Four Lead Tesserae from Roman Ephesos, ZPE 190, 137–140.
  • Lang, M. & Crosby, M. (1964). Weights, Measures and Tokens, The Athenian Agora, Vol. 10.
  • Levine, I. Lee. & Netzer, E. (1986). Excavations at Caesarea Maritima 1975, 1976, 1979, Final Report.
  • Marin, S. & Ioniță V. (2018). A Unique Lead Tessera From Dobrogea, Pontica 51.
  • Martialis, M. V., (2005). Epigramlar, (çev.) Güngör Varinlioğlu, İstanbul, Türkiye Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Milne, J. G. (1908). The Leaden Token-Coinage of Egypt Under the Romans, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 8, 287-310.
  • Milne, J. G. (1914). Graeco-Roman Leaden Tesserae from Abydos, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 93-95.
  • Mitchiner, M. (1984). Imperial Portrait Tesserae from the City of Rome and Imperial Tax Tokens from the Province of Egypt, The Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 144, 95-114.
  • Pliny the Younger, (1969). Letters, Volume II: Books 8-10. Panegyricus. Translated by Betty Radice. Loeb Classical Library 59. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rickman, G. E. (1980). The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome, Oxford.
  • Rostovtzeff, M. (1905). Römische Bleitesserae: Ein Beitrag zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit", Klio Beiheft 3, Leipzig.
  • Seneca, (1935). Moral Essays, Volume III: De Beneficiis. Translated by John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library 310. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Stannard, C. (2015). Shipping Tesserae from Ostia and Minturnae? The Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. 175, 147-154.
  • Stevens, G. P. (1961). Concerning the Parthenos, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol.30, No. 1, 1-7.
  • Suetonius, (1914). Lives of the Caesars, Volume II Vol. II: Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. Vespasian. Titus, Domitian. Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. Poets, Harvard University Press.
  • Temin, P. (2013). The Roman Market Economy, Princeton University Press.
  • Thornton, M. K. (1980). The Roman Lead Tesserae: Observations on Two Historical Problems, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 29, H. 3 (3rd Qtr)., 335-355.
  • Virlouvet, C. (1995). Tessera Frumentaria. Les procédures de distribution du blé public à Rome à la fin de la République et au début de l’Empire, École française de Rome.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeological Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Gülbay 0000-0002-6348-0908

Early Pub Date October 23, 2025
Publication Date October 26, 2025
Submission Date May 8, 2025
Acceptance Date July 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gülbay, O. (2025). HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 1015-1030. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317
AMA Gülbay O. HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. October 2025;12(2):1015-1030. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1695317
Chicago Gülbay, Onur. “HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no. 2 (October 2025): 1015-30. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317.
EndNote Gülbay O (October 1, 2025) HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12 2 1015–1030.
IEEE O. Gülbay, “HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1015–1030, 2025, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1695317.
ISNAD Gülbay, Onur. “HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (October2025), 1015-1030. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1695317.
JAMA Gülbay O. HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12:1015–1030.
MLA Gülbay, Onur. “HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, 2025, pp. 1015-30, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1695317.
Vancouver Gülbay O. HALUK PERK MÜZESİ EFES KURŞUN TESSERALARI ÖRNEĞİNDE KURŞUN TESSERA KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12(2):1015-30.