ULUSLARARASI ADALET DİVANI’NIN ULUSLARARASI ÇEVRE HUKUKUNA KATKISI VE PULP MİLLS KARARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 1535 - 1584, 26.11.2024

Sercan Reçber

https://doi.org/10.33717/deuhfd.1491176

Öz

Uluslararası düzeyde çevre sorunlarının büyüklüğü beraberinde çevrenin korunması açısından uluslararası işbirliği çabalarını getirmiş ve çevrenin korunması amacıyla uluslararası hukukta çok sayıda düzenleme yapılmıştır. Özellikle uluslararası yargı organlarının, çevre sorunlarının esas alındığı uyuşmazlıklarda çevre hukukunun ilkelerini uygulamaları uluslararası çevre hukukunun gelişimine katkı sunacaktır. Bu kapsamda Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nda görülen, Uruguay ile Arjantin arasında sınır oluşturan Uruguay nehrini konu alan Pulp Mills davası önemlidir. Bu davanın önemi, çevre sorunlarının doğrudan incelenmesinin yanında çevresel etki değerlendirmesi, ihtiyat ilkesi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma gibi uluslararası çevre hukukunun belirli ilkelerinin Divan tarafından bu kararda yorumlanmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kararda, sınır aşan nitelikte ciddi düzeyde çevreye zarar verebilecek olan ya da paylaşılan doğal kaynakları tehdit eden proje ve faaliyetleri planlayan devletlerin çevresel etki değerlendirmesi sürecini tamamlamaları uluslararası hukukta bir yükümlülük olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kökeninde özen yükümlülüğü bulunan çevresel etki değerlendirmesinin uluslararası hukukta tam olarak kapsamı ve içeriği açık olmamakla birlikte uluslararası hukukun bir parçası olduğunun açıkça bu kararda yer alması Uluslararası Adalet Divanı önüne getirilebilecek çevreye ilişkin uyuşmazlıklar açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Adalet Divanı,, Pulp Mills Kararı,, Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, İhtiyat İlkesi

CONTRİBUTİON OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE TO INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND EVALUATION OF THE PULP MİLLS JUDGMENT

Öz

The magnitude of environmental problems at the international level has brought international co-operation efforts for the protection of the environment and many regulations have been made in international law for the protection of the environment. Especially the application of the principles of environmental law by international judicial bodies in disputes based on environmental problems will contribute to the development of international environmental law. The significance of this case arises not only from the direct examination of environmental issues but also from the Court’s interpretation of specific principles of international environmental law in this judgment, such as environmental impact assesment, the precautionary principle, and sustainable development. In the decision, it is recognised as an obligation under international law for states planning projects and activities that may cause serious transboundary environmental damage or threaten shared natural resources to complete the environmental impact assessment process. Although the exact scope and content of environmental impact assessment, which has a duty of care at its root, is not clear in international law, the fact that it is clearly included in this judgement as a part of international law is important in terms of environmental disputes that may be brought before the International Court of Justice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills Decision, Environmental İmpact Assesment, Sustainable Devolopment, Precautionary Principle

Kaynakça

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