Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy: A Review

Öz

Oral mucositis is caused by disruption of oral mucosal integrity following chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy. Especially head and neck radiotherapy, antimetabolite and alkylating chemotherapy agents cause an increase the frequency and severity of oral mucositis. In patients with oral mucositis emerges serious complications such as pain in the mouth / throat, infection and bleeding. It may also have clinical and economic consequences such as deterioration in daily living activities, fluid, nutrient and analgesia support, prolonged hospital stay and increased treatment cost. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents are used in the prevention / treatment of oral mucositis. In this review, the definition, epidemiology, developmental mechanism, etiology / risk factors, clinical / economic outcomes, evaluation, prevention/treatment of oral mucositis and the role of nurse will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
• Chemotherapy
• Oral Mucositis
• Radiotherapy

Kemoterapi ve Radyoterapi Alan Hastalarda Oral Mukozit: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Oral mukozit, kemoterapi ve/veya radyoterapiyi takiben oral mukoza bütünlüğünün bozulmasıyla ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özellikle baş-boyun bölgesine uygulanan radyoterapi, antimetabolit ve alkilleyici kemoterapi ajanları oral mukozit sıklığında ve şiddetinde artışa neden olmaktadır. Oral mukozit gelişen hastalarda ağız/boğazda ağrı, enfeksiyon ve kanama gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde bozulma, sıvı, besin ve analjezi desteği, hastanede yatış süresinin uzaması ve tedavi maliyetinde artış gibi klinik ve ekonomik sonuçları olabilmektedir. Oral mukozitin önlenmesi/tedavisinde farmakolojik ve farmakolojik olmayan birçok ajan kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede oral mukozitin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi, gelişme mekanizması, etiyolojisi/risk faktörleri, klinik/ekonomik sonuçları, değerlendirilmesi, önlenmesi/tedavisi ve hemşirenin rolü tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hematopoetik Kök Hücre Nakli
• Kemoterapi
• Oral Mukozit
• Radyoterapi

Kaynakça

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